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Keltsch NG, Gazanis A, Dietrich C, Wick A, Heermann R, Tremel W, Ternes TA. Development of an analytical method to quantify N-acyl-homoserine lactones in bacterial cultures, river water, and treated wastewater. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3555-3567. [PMID: 38703199 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
N-Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL) play a major role in the communication of Gram-negative bacteria. They influence processes such as biofilm formation, swarming motility, and bioluminescence in the aquatic environment. A comprehensive analytical method was developed to elucidate the "chemical communication" in pure bacterial cultures as well as in the aquatic environment and engineered environments with biofilms. Due to the high diversity of AHLs and their low concentrations in water, a sensitive and selective LC-ESI-MS/MS method combined with solid-phase extraction was developed for 34 AHLs, optimized and validated to quantify AHLs in bacterial conditioned medium, river water, and treated wastewater. Furthermore, the developed method was optimized in terms of enrichment volume, internal standards, limits of detection, and limits of quantification in several matrices. An unanticipated variety of AHLs was detected in the culture media of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (in total 8 AHLs), Phaeobacter gallaeciensis (in total 6 AHLs), and Methylobacterium mesophilicum (in total 15 AHLs), which to our knowledge have not been described for these bacterial cultures so far. Furthermore, AHLs were detected in river water (in total 5 AHLs) and treated wastewater (in total 3 AHLs). Several detected AHLs were quantified (in total 24) using a standard addition method up to 7.3±1.0 µg/L 3-Oxo-C12-AHL (culture media of P. aeruginosa).
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Keltsch
- Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz, 56068, Germany
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, Koblenz, 56070, Germany
| | - A Gazanis
- Biozentrum II, Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - C Dietrich
- Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz, 56068, Germany
| | - A Wick
- Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz, 56068, Germany
| | - R Heermann
- Biozentrum II, Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - W Tremel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55099, Germany
| | - T A Ternes
- Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz, 56068, Germany.
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, Koblenz, 56070, Germany.
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Backx S, Desmedt W, Dejaegere A, Simoens A, Van de Poel J, Krasowska D, Audenaert K, Stevens CV, Mangelinckx S. Synthesis of Mixed Phosphonate Esters and Amino Acid-Based Phosphonamidates, and Their Screening as Herbicides. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4739. [PMID: 38731958 PMCID: PMC11083600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
While organophosphorus chemistry is gaining attention in a variety of fields, the synthesis of the phosphorus derivatives of amino acids remains a challenging task. Previously reported methods require the deprotonation of the nucleophile, complex reagents or hydrolysis of the phosphonate ester. In this paper, we demonstrate how to avoid these issues by employing phosphonylaminium salts for the synthesis of novel mixed n-alkylphosphonate diesters or amino acid-derived n-alkylphosphonamidates. We successfully applied this methodology for the synthesis of novel N-acyl homoserine lactone analogues with varying alkyl chains and ester groups in the phosphorus moiety. Finally, we developed a rapid, quantitative and high-throughput bioassay to screen a selection of these compounds for their herbicidal activity. Together, these results will aid future research in phosphorus chemistry, agrochemistry and the synthesis of bioactive targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Backx
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.D.); (A.S.); (J.V.d.P.); (D.K.); (C.V.S.)
| | - Willem Desmedt
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (W.D.); (K.A.)
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Burg. van Gansberghelaan 96, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Andreas Dejaegere
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.D.); (A.S.); (J.V.d.P.); (D.K.); (C.V.S.)
| | - Andreas Simoens
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.D.); (A.S.); (J.V.d.P.); (D.K.); (C.V.S.)
| | - Jef Van de Poel
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.D.); (A.S.); (J.V.d.P.); (D.K.); (C.V.S.)
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.D.); (A.S.); (J.V.d.P.); (D.K.); (C.V.S.)
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (W.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.D.); (A.S.); (J.V.d.P.); (D.K.); (C.V.S.)
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.D.); (A.S.); (J.V.d.P.); (D.K.); (C.V.S.)
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Ziegler EW, Brown AB, Nesnas N, Chouinard CD, Mehta AK, Palmer AG. β-Cyclodextrin Encapsulation of Synthetic AHLs: Drug Delivery Implications and Quorum-Quenching Exploits. Chembiochem 2020; 22:1292-1301. [PMID: 33238068 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, regulate phenotypic switching in a population density-dependent manner through a phenomenon known as quorum sensing (QS). For Gram-negative bacteria, QS relies on the synthesis, transmission, and perception of low-molecular-weight signal molecules that are predominantly N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones (AHLs). Efforts to disrupt AHL-mediated QS have largely focused on the development of synthetic AHL analogues (SAHLAs) that are structurally similar to native AHLs. However, like AHLs, these molecules tend to be hydrophobic and are poorly soluble under aqueous conditions. Water-soluble macrocycles, such as cyclodextrins (CDs), that encapsulate hydrophobic guests have long been used by both the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries to overcome the solubility issues associated with hydrophobic compounds of interest. Conveniently, CDs have also demonstrated anti-AHL-mediated QS effects. Here, using fluorescence spectroscopy, NMR spectrometry, and mass spectrometry, we evaluate the affinity of SAHLAs, as well as their hydrolysis products, for β-CD inclusion. We also evaluated the ability of these complexes to inhibit wild-type P. aeruginosa virulence in a Caenorhabditis elegans host infection study, for the first time. Our efforts confirm the potential of β-CDs for the improved delivery of SAHLAs at the host/microbial interface, expanding the utility of this approach as a strategy for probing and controlling QS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Ziegler
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150W. University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Alan B Brown
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150W. University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Nasri Nesnas
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150W. University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Christopher D Chouinard
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150W. University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Anil K Mehta
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Andrew G Palmer
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150W. University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA.,Department of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150W. University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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Readel E, Portillo A, Talebi M, Armstrong DW. Enantiomeric separation of quorum sensing autoinducer homoserine lactones using GC-MS and LC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2927-2937. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ziegler EW, Brown AB, Nesnas N, Palmer AG. Abiotic Hydrolysis Kinetics ofN-Acyl-L-homoserine Lactones: Natural Silencing of Bacterial Quorum Sensing Signals. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric W. Ziegler
- Chemistry Program; Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering and Sciences; 150 W. University Blvd 32901 FL USA
| | - Alan B. Brown
- Chemistry Program; Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering and Sciences; 150 W. University Blvd 32901 FL USA
| | - Nasri Nesnas
- Chemistry Program; Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering and Sciences; 150 W. University Blvd 32901 FL USA
| | - Andrew G. Palmer
- Chemistry Program; Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering and Sciences; 150 W. University Blvd 32901 FL USA
- Department of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences; 150 W. University Blvd, Melbourne 32901 FL USA
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Vázquez-Martínez J, Nieto-Álvarez E, Ramírez-Chávez E, Molina-Torres J. Enzymatic Method for N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones Synthesis Using Immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase. Catal Letters 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-017-2261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Leipert J, Treitz C, Leippe M, Tholey A. Identification and Quantification of N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones Involved in Bacterial Communication by Small-Scale Synthesis of Internal Standards and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2538-2547. [PMID: 28856620 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) are small signal molecules involved in the quorum sensing of many gram-negative bacteria, and play an important role in biofilm formation and pathogenesis. Present analytical methods for identification and quantification of AHL require time-consuming sample preparation steps and are hampered by the lack of appropriate standards. By aiming at a fast and straightforward method for AHL analytics, we investigated the applicability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Suitable MALDI matrices, including crystalline and ionic liquid matrices, were tested and the fragmentation of different AHL in collision-induced dissociation MS/MS was studied, providing information about characteristic marker fragments ions. Employing small-scale synthesis protocols, we established a versatile and cost-efficient procedure for fast generation of isotope-labeled AHL standards, which can be used without extensive purification and yielded accurate standard curves. Quantitative analysis was possible in the low pico-molar range, with lower limits of quantification reaching from 1 to 5 pmol for different AHL. The developed methodology was successfully applied in a quantitative MALDI MS analysis of low-volume culture supernatants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Leipert
- Systematic Proteome Research and Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Treitz
- Systematic Proteome Research and Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Leippe
- Zoological Institute, Comparative Immunobiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24114, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteome Research and Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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