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Czech A, Woś K, Muszyński S, Tomaszewska E. Nutritional and Antioxidative Benefits of Dietary Macroalgae Supplementation in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:549. [PMID: 38396524 PMCID: PMC10886378 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the effects of dietary brown macroalgae (Ascophyllum nodosum) inclusion on digestibility and blood biochemical indices and redox markers in piglets fed diets with varying levels (0%, 0.6% and 1%) of macroalgae from 18 to 64 days of age. Macroalgae significantly influenced lipid profiles, reducing total cholesterol levels (quadratic contrast p = 0.001) and demonstrating an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, particularly with 1% macroalgae inclusion (linear contrast p < 0.001), with a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both macroalgae-supplemented groups (linear contrast p = 0.001). Additionally, macroalgae had a positive impact on the activities of antioxidative enzymes (ferric-reducing ability of plasma, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione) and reduced lipid peroxidation products (lipid hydroperoxide, malondialdehyde) in the blood, liver tissue, and intestinal epithelium of the ileum, suggesting enhanced antioxidative defense mechanisms. These changes were dose-dependent; in blood plasma, they exhibited both a linear and quadratic response, while in the tissues, the response was primarily linear. Additionally, an increase in the digestibility of crude fat in macroalgae-supplemented groups was observed (linear contrast p < 0.001), highlighting their potential role in improving nutrient absorption and digestion. The study findings emphasize the health benefits of natural, seaweed-based additives in diets, particularly in managing oxidative stress and improving lipid profiles, and highlight the potential of macroalgae as a natural dietary supplement to improve antioxidant systems and lipid metabolism in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czech
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Woś
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Liu HY, Zhu C, Zhu M, Yuan L, Li S, Gu F, Hu P, Chen S, Cai D. Alternatives to antibiotics in pig production: looking through the lens of immunophysiology. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:1. [PMID: 38163818 PMCID: PMC10758383 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In the livestock production system, the evolution of porcine gut microecology is consistent with the idea of "The Hygiene Hypothesis" in humans. I.e., improved hygiene conditions, reduced exposure to environmental microorganisms in early life, and frequent use of antimicrobial drugs drive immune dysregulation. Meanwhile, the overuse of antibiotics as feed additives for infectious disease prevention and animal growth induces antimicrobial resistance genes in pathogens and spreads related environmental pollutants. It justifies our attempt to review alternatives to antibiotics that can support optimal growth and improve the immunophysiological state of pigs. In the current review, we first described porcine mucosal immunity, followed by discussions of gut microbiota dynamics during the critical weaning period and the impacts brought by antibiotics usage. Evidence of in-feed additives with immuno-modulatory properties highlighting probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics and their cellular and molecular networking are summarized and reviewed. It may provide insights into the immune regulatory mechanisms of antibiotic alternatives and open new avenues for health management in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuyang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Miaonan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Long Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Shicheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Fang Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Shihao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Li J, Guo Y, Ma L, Liu Y, Zou C, Kuang H, Han B, Xiao Y, Wang Y. Synergistic effects of alginate oligosaccharide and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside on the amelioration of intestinal barrier function in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Ji H, Fan Y, Gao X, Gong Y, Dai K, Wang Z, Xu B, Yu J. The Protective Effects of Water-Soluble Alginic Acid on the N-Terminal of Thymopentin. Molecules 2023; 28:6445. [PMID: 37764221 PMCID: PMC10536172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymopentin (TP5) has exhibited strong antitumor and immunomodulatory effects in vivo. However, the polypeptide is rapidly degraded by protease and aminopeptidase within a minute at the N-terminal of TP5, resulting in severe limitations for further practical applications. In this study, the protective effects of water-soluble alginic acid (WSAA) on the N-terminal of TP5 were investigated by establishing an H22 tumor-bearing mice model and determining thymus, spleen, and liver indices, immune cells activities, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 levels, and cell cycle distributions. The results demonstrated that WSAA+TP5 groups exhibited the obvious advantages of the individual treatments and showed superior antitumor effects on H22 tumor-bearing mice by effectively protecting the immune organs, activating CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells, and promoting immune-related cytokines secretions, finally resulting in the high apoptotic rates of H22 cells through arresting them in S phase. These data suggest that WSAA could effectively protect the N-terminal of TP5, thereby improving its antitumor and immunoregulatory activities, which indicates that WSAA has the potential to be applied in patients bearing cancer or immune deficiency diseases as a novel immunologic adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Ji
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (H.J.); (Y.F.); (X.G.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (B.X.)
| | - Yuting Fan
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (H.J.); (Y.F.); (X.G.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (B.X.)
| | - Xiaoji Gao
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (H.J.); (Y.F.); (X.G.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (B.X.)
| | - Youshun Gong
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (H.J.); (Y.F.); (X.G.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (B.X.)
| | - Keyao Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China;
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (H.J.); (Y.F.); (X.G.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (B.X.)
| | - Bo Xu
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (H.J.); (Y.F.); (X.G.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (B.X.)
| | - Juan Yu
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (H.J.); (Y.F.); (X.G.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (B.X.)
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Zhu La ALT, Feng Y, Hu D, Feng Y, Jin X, Liu D, Guo Y, Cheng G, Hu Y. Enzymatically prepared alginate oligosaccharides improve broiler chicken growth performance by modulating the gut microbiota and growth hormone signals. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:96. [PMID: 37394467 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) holds great potential as a novel feed supplement in farm animals. However, the effects of AOS on chicken health and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to optimize the enzymatic preparation of AOS by using bacterial alginate lyases expressed in yeast, investigate the effects of the prepared AOS on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens, and reveal the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Five alginate lyases from bacteria were cloned into Pichia pastoris GS115 and the alginate lyase PDE9 was expressed at relatively high yield, activity and stability in P. pastoris. Animal trials were carried out using 320 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers (four groups; 8 replicates/group × 10 chicks/replicate) receiving either a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg PDE9-prepared AOS for 42 d. The results showed that dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg AOS displayed the highest activity in promoting the birds' ADG and ADFI (P < 0.05). AOS ameliorated the intestinal morphology, absorption function and barrier function, as indicated by the enhanced (P < 0.05) intestinal villus height, maltase activity, and the expression of PEPT, SGLT1, ZNT1, and occludin. AOS also increased serum insulin-like growth factor-1, ghrelin (P < 0.05), and growth hormone (P < 0.1). Moreover, the concentrations of acetate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, valerate, and total SCFAs in cecum of birds fed AOS were significantly higher than the control birds (P < 0.05). Metagenomic analysis indicated that AOS modulated the chicken gut microbiota structure, function, and microbial interactions and promoted the growth of SCFAs-producing bacteria, for example, Dorea sp. 002160985; SCFAs, especially acetate, were found positively correlated with the chicken growth performance and growth-related hormone signals (P < 0.05). We further verified that AOS can be utilized by Dorea sp. to grow and to produce acetate in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the enzymatically produced AOS effectively promoted broiler chicken growth performance by modulating the chicken gut microbiota structure and function. For the first time, we established the connections among AOS, chicken gut microbiota/SCFAs, growth hormone signals and chicken growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A La Teng Zhu La
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Die Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yimei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yongfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Mavrogeni ME, Asadpoor M, Henricks PAJ, Keshavarzian A, Folkerts G, Braber S. Direct Action of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides against a Leaky Gut. Nutrients 2022; 14:4699. [PMID: 36364961 PMCID: PMC9655944 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial monolayer is the primary determinant of mucosal barrier function, and tight junction (TJ) complexes seal the paracellular space between the adjacent epithelial cells and represent the main "gate-keepers" of the paracellular route. Impaired TJ functionality results in increased permeation of the "pro-inflammatory" luminal contents to the circulation that induces local and systemic inflammatory and immune responses, ultimately triggering and/or perpetuating (chronic) systemic inflammatory disorders. Increased gut leakiness is associated with intestinal and systemic disease states such as inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Modulation of TJ dynamics is an appealing strategy aiming at inflammatory conditions associated with compromised intestinal epithelial function. Recently there has been a growing interest in nutraceuticals, particularly in non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs). NDOs confer innumerable health benefits via microbiome-shaping and gut microbiota-related immune responses, including enhancement of epithelial barrier integrity. Emerging evidence supports that NDOs also exert health-beneficial effects on microbiota independently via direct interactions with intestinal epithelial and immune cells. Among these valuable features, NDOs promote barrier function by directly regulating TJs via AMPK-, PKC-, MAPK-, and TLR-associated pathways. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epithelial barrier-protective effects of different NDOs with a special focus on their microbiota-independent modulation of TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleni Mavrogeni
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mostafa Asadpoor
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A. J. Henricks
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Soni JP, Sathish M, Nachtigall FM, Santos LS, Shankaraiah N. Brown seaweed‐derived alginic acid: An efficient and reusable catalyst for Pictet‐Spengler reaction to access tetrahydro‐β‐carboline and tetrahydroisoquinoline frameworks. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Soni
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad Department of Medicinal Chemistry 500037 Hyderabad INDIA
| | - Manda Sathish
- Catholic University of the Maule: Universidad Catolica del Maule Research center for Advance Studies of Maule, 3460000 Talca CHILE
| | - Fabiane M. Nachtigall
- Universidad Autonoma de Chile Instituto de Ciencias Quimicas Aplicadas 3467987 Talca CHILE
| | - Leonardo S. Santos
- Talca University: Universidad de Talca Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources 3460000 Talca CHILE
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER Department of Medicinal Chemistry Balanagar 500037 Hyderabad INDIA
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Michalak I, Tiwari R, Dhawan M, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Sharun K, Emran TB, Dhama K. Antioxidant effects of seaweeds and their active compounds on animal health and production - A Review. Vet Q 2022; 42:48-67. [PMID: 35363108 PMCID: PMC9004519 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2022.2061744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants applied as feed additives can improve not only animals’ health and overall performance but also increase their resistance to environmental stress such as heat stress, bad housing conditions, diseases, etc. Marine organisms, for example seaweeds – red, brown, and green macroalgae contain a plethora of biologically active substances, including phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, pigments, vitamins, micro- and macroelements, and proteins known for their antioxidant activity, which can help in the maintenance of appropriate redox status in animals and show pleiotropic effects for enhancing good health, and productivity. The dysregulated production of free radicals is a marked characteristic of several clinical conditions, and antioxidant machinery plays a pivotal role in scavenging the excessive free radicals, thereby preventing and treating infections in animals. Supplementation of seaweeds to animal diet can boost antioxidant activity, immunity, and the gut environment. Dietary supplementation of seaweeds can also enhance meat quality due to the deposition of marine-derived antioxidant components in muscles. The use of natural antioxidants in the meat industry is a practical approach to minimize or prevent lipid oxidation. However, overconsumption of seaweeds, especially brown macroalgae, should be avoided because of their high iodine content. An important point to consider when including seaweeds in animal feed is their variable composition which depends on the species, habitat, location, harvest time, growing conditions such as nutrient concentration in water, light intensity, temperature, etc. This review highlights the beneficial applications of seaweeds and their extracted compounds, which have antioxidant properties as feed additives and impact animal health and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Michalak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.,The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester, WA14 5PQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang F, Yin Y, Yang M, Chen J, Fu C, Huang K. Effects of Combined Supplementation of Macleaya cordata Extract and Benzoic Acid on the Growth Performance, Immune Responses, Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Morphology, and Microbial Composition in Weaned Piglets. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:708597. [PMID: 34490398 PMCID: PMC8416536 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.708597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the use of antibiotics is forbidden, piglets experience a considerable weanling stress, resulting in increased incidence of diarrhea and death. Macleaya cordata extract or benzoic acid have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities that makes them potential antibiotic alternatives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of feed supplemented with Macleaya cordata extract and benzoic acid on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and microflora in weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets [Duroc × (Large White × Landrace)] 28 days of age and weighing 8.41 ± 0.13 kg were randomly divided in equal numbers (n = 8) into three groups fed a basal diet (CON), CON + 20 mg/kg flavomycin + 50 mg/kg quinocetone (AGP), or CON + 50 mg/kg Macleaya cordata extract + 1,000 mg/kg benzoic acid (MB). Compared with the CON diet, dietary MB or AGP increased the final weight and average daily gain, and reduced feed efficiency and the diarrhea rate (P < 0.05). Compared with the CON diet, MB supplementation increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD activity) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.05). Serum interleukin (IL)-10 IgA and IgM were higher (P < 0.05) in MB-fed piglets than in CON-fed piglets. Piglets fed the MB diet had greater villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VC) in the duodenum, villus height in the ileum, and lower crypt depth in the jejunum than did piglets given the CON diet (P < 0.5). Piglets in the MB group had increased concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acids in the ileum or cecum compared with the CON and AGP groups (P < 0.05). Streptococcus proportion was lower in the MB than in the AGP group. Dietary MB increased the Lactobacillus and decreased Escherichia-Shigella populations compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). The study results indicate that MB can be used to replace AGP as a feed supplement for weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yexin Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiashun Chen
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenxing Fu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Wang M, Chen L, Zhang Z. Potential applications of alginate oligosaccharides for biomedicine - A mini review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 271:118408. [PMID: 34364551 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research on marine algae, especially on their health-promoting properties, has been conducted. Various ingredients with potential biomedical applications have been discovered and extracted from marine algae. Alginate oligosaccharides are low molecular weight alginate polysaccharides present in cell walls of brown algae. They exhibit various health benefits such as anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor and immunomodulation. Their low-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, and biodegradability make them an excellent material in biomedicine. Alginate oligosaccharides can be chemically or biochemically modified to enhance their biological activity and potential in pharmaceutical applications. This paper provides a brief overview on alginate oligosaccharides characteristics, modification patterns and highlights their vital health promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingpeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, China.
| | - Zhaojie Zhang
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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11
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Amelioration of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced disruption of intestinal epithelium by manno-oligosaccharide in weaned pigs. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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12
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Gao H, Qin Y, Zeng J, Yang Q, Jia T. Dietary intervention with sialylated lactulose affects the immunomodulatory activities of mice. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9494-9504. [PMID: 34176623 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Four sialylated lactuloses [N-acetylneuraminic acid-α2,3-lactulose (Neu5Acα2,3lactulose), N-acetylneuraminic acid-α2,6-lactulose (Neu5Acα2,6lactulose), deaminoneuraminc acid-α2,3-lactulose (Kdnα2,3lactulose), and deaminoneuraminc acid-α-2,6-lactulose (Kdnα2,6lactulose)] were reported to modulate the immunity of mice. The influences of cytokine expression, cell immunity, humoral immunity, and nonspecific immunity were investigated in our study using several techniques. Analysis via ELISA showed that cytokine expression was induced by sialylated lactulose treatment consistently in the serum and spleen. Among the 4 tested sialylated lactuloses, Neu5Acα2,6lactulose performed the best, simultaneously and appropriately promoting the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in the serum and spleen. Kdnα2,3lactulose showed the best antioxidant activity according to detection of the activity of superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, peroxidase, and alkaline phosphatase. Flow cytometry revealed that only Kdnα2,3lactulose significantly boosted the CD3+ T lymphocyte ratio similarly to that of lactulose. Analysis of the hemolysin content to characterize humoral immunity revealed that Kdnα2,3lactulose notably increased hemolysin content compared with that in the control group. To evaluate the nonspecific immune effects of the 4 sialylated lactuloses, a fluorescence microsphere phagocytosis assay was used to analyze the phagocytosis of macrophages. Kdnα2,3lactulose still performed the best in enhancing the phagocytosis of macrophages, showing markedly increased phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index values compared with those in the control and lactulose groups. Comparing the differences of these 4 sialylated lactuloses in affecting immunity in mice revealed that Kdnα2,3lactulose had the best overall performance in influencing cytokine expression, cell immunity, humoral immunity, and nonspecific immunity. This study provides critical support for use of sialylated lactuloses as potential immunomodulators in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Gao
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Yueqi Qin
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Tian Jia
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
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Corino C, Di Giancamillo A, Modina SC, Rossi R. Prebiotic Effects of Seaweed Polysaccharides in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1573. [PMID: 34072221 PMCID: PMC8229765 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure environmental sustainability, according to the European Green Deal and to boost the One Health concept, it is essential to improve animals' health and adopt sustainable and natural feed ingredients. Over the past decade, prebiotics have been used as an alternative approach in order to reduce the use of antimicrobials, by positively affecting the gut microbiota and decreasing the onset of several enteric diseases in pig. However, dietary supplementation with seaweed polysaccharides as prebiotics has gained attention in recent years. Seaweeds or marine macroalgae contain several polysaccharides: laminarin, fucoidan, and alginates are found in brown seaweeds, carrageenan in red seaweeds, and ulvan in green seaweeds. The present review focuses on studies evaluating dietary seaweed polysaccharide supplementation in pig used as prebiotics to positively modulate gut health and microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raffaella Rossi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.C.); (A.D.G.); (S.C.M.)
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14
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Samarasinghe MB, Sehested J, Weisbjerg MR, Vestergaard M, Hernández-Castellano LE. Milk supplemented with dried seaweed affects the systemic innate immune response in preweaning dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3575-3584. [PMID: 33455754 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intact seaweed or seaweed extracts are used as feed supplements to improve the gut microbiome in young animals. Seaweeds provide functional polysaccharides, and they are a good source of vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, all of which are relevant for immune system development. However, literature on the effects of dried seaweed supplementation on immune system development is limited, especially in calves. This experiment aimed to study the effect of feeding milk supplemented with Ulva lactuca, Ascophyllum nodosum, or Saccharina latissima on the systemic immune status of preweaning dairy calves. Forty male Holstein calves with birth body weight 41 ± 4 kg and plasma Brix percentage ≥8.7% at d 2 after birth were used in this study. Calves were fed 4 L of cow milk twice a day (total 8 L/d). From d 2 to d 28, calves in the control group (n = 10) received milk without seaweed supplementation. Over the same period, experimental calves received milk supplemented with Ulva lactuca (SW1; n = 10), Ascophyllum nodosum (SW2; n = 10), or Saccharina latissima (SW3, n = 10). Dried and ground seaweeds were offered at a daily allowance of 50 g/8 L of milk (i.e., approximately 5% inclusion rate on a dry matter basis). Blood samples were collected from a jugular vein on d 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after birth. Plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, immunoglobulins, and acute-phase proteins (i.e., serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, and haptoglobin) were measured. We detected no differences in average daily gain, plasma immunoglobulins, albumin, or total protein. However, the contrast analysis revealed that plasma concentrations of fibrinogen (SW1 and SW2) and serum amyloid A (SW2 and SW3) were significantly higher in the seaweed groups compared with the control group. We also found a tendency for high plasma haptoglobin in the seaweed groups (SW1 and SW2) compared with the control group. Differences in acute-phase protein concentrations could be partially explained by the large differences in micromineral intake between control and seaweed-supplemented calves. Feeding milk supplemented with dried seaweed increased plasma concentrations of variables related to the innate immune response in preweaning dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Samarasinghe
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - J Sehested
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M Vestergaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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15
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Liu Z, Sun X. A Critical Review of the Abilities, Determinants, and Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Seaweed Polysaccharides Antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7774. [PMID: 33096625 PMCID: PMC7589308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induces various cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and cancer diseases, caused by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is attributed to the lack of sufficient antioxidant defense capacity to eliminate unnecessary ROS. Seaweeds are largely cultivated for their edible and commercial purposes. Excessive proliferation of some seaweeds has occurred in coastal areas, causing environmental and economic disasters, and even threating human health. Removing and disposing of the excess seaweeds are costly and labor-intensive with few rewards. Therefore, improving the value of seaweeds utilizes this resource, but also deals with the accumulated biomass in the environment. Seaweed has been demonstrated to be a great source of polysaccharides antioxidants, which are effective in enhancing the antioxidant system in humans and animals. They have been reported to be a healthful method to prevent and/or reduce oxidative damage. Current studies indicate that they have a good potential for treating various diseases. Polysaccharides, the main components in seaweeds, are commonly used as industrial feedstock. They are readily extracted by aqueous and acetone solutions. This study attempts to review the current researches related to seaweed polysaccharides as an antioxidant. We discuss the main categories, their antioxidant abilities, their determinants, and their possible molecular mechanisms of action. This review proposes possible high-value ways to utilize seaweed resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Xian Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 511458, China
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
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16
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Wan J, Zhang J, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Mao X, Zheng P, Yu J, He J. Alterations in intestinal microbiota by alginate oligosaccharide improve intestinal barrier integrity in weaned pigs. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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17
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Guo X, Wang Y, Qin Y, Shen P, Peng Q. Structures, properties and application of alginic acid: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:618-628. [PMID: 32590090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alginic acid is a natural polysaccharide, which has been widely concerned and applied due to its excellent water solubility, film formation, biodegradability and biocompatibility. This paper briefly describes the source, properties, structure and application of sodium alginate by summarizing and analyzing the current literature. This paper reviews the application of sodium alginate in the fields of food industry, catalyst, health, water treatment, packaging, immobilized cells, and looks forward to its application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yimin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Seaweed Fertilizers, Qingdao Bright Moon Seaweed Group Co., LTD, Qingdao Bright Moon Blue Ocean Bio-Tech Co., LTD, Qingdao 266400, PR China
| | - Peili Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Seaweed Fertilizers, Qingdao Bright Moon Seaweed Group Co., LTD, Qingdao Bright Moon Blue Ocean Bio-Tech Co., LTD, Qingdao 266400, PR China.
| | - Qiang Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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18
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Satessa GD, Tamez-Hidalgo P, Hui Y, Cieplak T, Krych L, Kjærulff S, Brunsgaard G, Nielsen DS, Nielsen MO. Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermented Rapeseed with or without Macroalgae on Performance and Health of Piglets Following Omission of Medicinal Zinc from Weaner Diets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E137. [PMID: 31952154 PMCID: PMC7023219 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The feeding of medicinal zinc oxide (ZnO) to weaner piglets will be phased out after 2022 in Europe, leaving pig producers without options to manage post-weaning disorders. This study assessed whether rapeseed meal, fermented alone (FRM) or co-fermented with a single (Ascophylum nodosum; FRMA), or two (A. nodossum and Saccharina latissima; FRMAS) brown macroalagae species, could improve weaner piglet performance and stimulate intestinal development as well as maturation of gut microbiota in the absence of in-feed zinc. Weaned piglets (n = 1240) were fed, during 28-85 days of age, a basal diet with no additives (negative control; NC), 2500 ppm in-feed ZnO (positive control; PC), FRM, FRMA or FRMAS. Piglets fed FRM and FRMA had a similar or numerically improved, respectively, production performance compared to PC piglets. Jejunal villus development was stimulated over NC in PC, FRM and FRMAS (gender-specific). FRM enhanced colon mucosal development and reduced signs of intestinal inflammation. All fermented feeds and PC induced similar changes in the composition and diversity of colon microbiota compared to NC. In conclusion, piglet performance, intestinal development and health indicators were sustained or numerically improved when in-feed zinc was replaced by FRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizaw D. Satessa
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - Paulina Tamez-Hidalgo
- Fermentationexperts A/S, Vorbassevej 12, 6622 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.T.-H.); (S.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Yan Hui
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (Y.H.); (T.C.); (L.K.); (D.S.N.)
| | - Tomasz Cieplak
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (Y.H.); (T.C.); (L.K.); (D.S.N.)
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (Y.H.); (T.C.); (L.K.); (D.S.N.)
| | - Søren Kjærulff
- Fermentationexperts A/S, Vorbassevej 12, 6622 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.T.-H.); (S.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Grete Brunsgaard
- Fermentationexperts A/S, Vorbassevej 12, 6622 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.T.-H.); (S.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Dennis S. Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (Y.H.); (T.C.); (L.K.); (D.S.N.)
| | - Mette O. Nielsen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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19
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Liu X, Zhao J, Zhang G, Hu J, Liu L, Piao X, Zhang S, Li Y. Dietary Supplementation with Flammulina velutipes Stem Waste on Growth Performance, Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids and Serum Profile in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010082. [PMID: 31947842 PMCID: PMC7022411 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary FVS supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, biochemical profile of serum and fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production in weaned piglets. In Exp.1, 150 weaned pigs (initial body weight: 6.89 ± 1.17 kg) were allotted to five dietary treatments. The treatment diets included a basal diet and four experimental diets supplemented with 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% FVS respectively. The animal trial lasted for 28 days. In Exp.2, 72 piglets (initial body weight: 8.20 ± 1.67 kg) were allotted to three dietary treatments. The treatment diets included a basal diet and two experimental diets supplemented with 1.5% and 3.0% FVS, respectively. The animal trial lasted for 56 days. The results showed that pigs fed dietary FVS with 3% or lower inclusion levels had no significant difference (p > 0.10) on growth performance compared with pigs fed the control diet during day 1-28 and day 1-56. Dietary FVS supplementation decreased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients on day 28, day 35 and day 56, but no significant changes (p > 0.05) of nutrient digestibility were observed on day 14. Although piglets fed diets with higher levels of FVS showed impaired growth performance and ATTD of nutrients, dietary FVS supplementation improved the fecal SCFA production, antioxidant capacity, interleukin-2 and growth hormone levels in serum, and reduced the harmful low-density lipoprotein levels in serum on day 56. In conclusion, as a promising alternative fibrous ingredient, FVS could be supplemented in diets of weaned piglets with a proportion under 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhou Liu
- Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.)
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.)
| | - Jiangxu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.)
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.)
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Y.L.)
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20
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Hua Y, Ma C, Wei T, Zhang L, Shen J. Collagen/Chitosan Complexes: Preparation, Antioxidant Activity, Tyrosinase Inhibition Activity, and Melanin Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010313. [PMID: 31906476 PMCID: PMC6982129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive collagen/chitosan complexes were prepared by an ion crosslinking method using fish skin collagen and chitosan solution as raw materials. Scanning electron microscopy observation confirmed that the collagen/chitosan complexes were of a uniform spherical shape and uniform particle size. The complexes were stable at different pH values for a certain period of time through swelling experiments. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed the collagen/ chitosan complexes were more stable than collagen. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the complexes had a strong crystal structure, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data revealed the changes in the secondary structure of the protein due to chitosan and TPP crosslinking. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the complex treatment group was considerably lower, but the content of SOD was significantly higher than that of the collagen group or chitosan group. In addition, the collagen/chitosan complexes could considerably reduce melanin content, inhibit tyrosinase activity, and down-regulate tyrosinase mRNA expression. In conclusion, the collagen/chitosan complexes were potential oral protein preparation for antioxidant enhancement and inhibiting melanin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Hua
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (Y.H.); (C.M.); (T.W.)
| | - Chenjun Ma
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (Y.H.); (C.M.); (T.W.)
| | - Tiantian Wei
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (Y.H.); (C.M.); (T.W.)
| | - Liefeng Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (Y.H.); (C.M.); (T.W.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (J.S.); Tel.: +86-25-85891591 (L.Z.); +86-25-85891377 (J.S.)
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (J.S.); Tel.: +86-25-85891591 (L.Z.); +86-25-85891377 (J.S.)
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21
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Jiao A, Yu B, He J, Yu J, Zheng P, Luo Y, Luo J, Mao X, Chen D. Short chain fatty acids could prevent fat deposition in pigs via regulating related hormones and genes. Food Funct 2020; 11:1845-1855. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02585e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced when indigestible carbohydrates, such as fiber and resistant starch, undergo fermentation by specific microbiota in the hindgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Jiao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province
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22
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Su G, Zhou X, Wang Y, Chen D, Chen G, Li Y, He J. Dietary supplementation of plant essential oil improves growth performance, intestinal morphology and health in weaned pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:579-589. [PMID: 31854008 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to explore the effect of plant essential oil (PEO) on growth performance, intestinal morphology and health in weaned pigs. Twenty-four weaned pigs were assigned into four groups fed with a basal diet (CON) or basal diet containing PEO at a concentration of 50 (PEO50), 100 (PEO100) or 200 ppm (PEO200). After 21 days, pigs were slaughtered and blood and tissue samples were collected. Result showed that PEO200 group significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) compared with CON group (p < .05). Moreover, PEO supplementation significantly improved the digestibility of DM (p < .05). However, it significantly decreased the serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentration (p < .05). Interestingly, PEO supplementation significantly increased the activity of sucrase in the duodenal and the activity of lactase in the jejunal mucosa (p < .05). Moreover, PEO supplementation improved the growth of intestinal mucosa. As compared to the CON group, the jejunum and ileum villus height were significantly elevated in the PEO200 group (p < .05). Importantly, the expression levels of critical genes associated with nutrient transportation (i.e., GLUT2 and SGLT1) and barrier function (occludin) were significantly elevated in the PEO200 group (p < .05). Moreover, the PEO100 and PEO200 group had higher propionic acid concentration and higher total bacterial gene copies in colon digesta than the CON group (p < .05) respectively. These results not only suggest that PEO has a positive role in the regulation of growth and intestinal health in weaned pigs, but also offer a potential candidate substituting the conventionally used antibiotics in the livestock industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Su
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuanwu Zhou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Cheng Du Hua Luo Bio-Tech Col., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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23
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Corino C, Modina SC, Di Giancamillo A, Chiapparini S, Rossi R. Seaweeds in Pig Nutrition. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E1126. [PMID: 31842324 PMCID: PMC6940929 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are macroalgae, with different sizes, colors and composition. They consist of brown algae, red algae and green algae, which all have a different chemical composition and bioactive molecule content. The polysaccharides, laminarin and fucoidan are commonly present in brown seaweeds, ulvans are found in green seaweeds and, red algae contain a large amount of carrageenans. These bioactive compounds may have several positive effects on health in livestock. In order to reduce the antimicrobials used in livestock, research has recently focused on finding natural and sustainable molecules that boost animal performance and health. The present study thus summarizes research on the dietary integration of seaweeds in swine. In particular the influence on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, prebiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities were considered. The review highlights that brown seaweeds seem to be a promising dietary intervention in pigs in order to boost the immune system, antioxidant status and gut health. Data on the use of green seaweeds as a dietary supplementation seems to be lacking at present and merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Corino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.C.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Silvia Clotilde Modina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.C.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.C.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Sara Chiapparini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.C.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Raffaella Rossi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.C.); (A.D.G.)
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Zhao Y, Jin C, Xuan Y, Zhou P, Fang Z, Che L, Xu S, Feng B, Li J, Jiang X, Lin Y, Wu D. Effect of maternal or post-weaning methyl donor supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of pig offspring. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2096-2107. [PMID: 30298675 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies have examined links between maternal methyl donor (MET) supplementation and the growth-development characteristics of offspring, and possible underlying mechanisms for such links. This study investigated the effect of maternal or post-weaning MET-supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of the finishing (d 180) offspring. Twenty-four sows were placed on a control (C) or MET-supplemented diet during pregnancy and lactation. Forty-eight female offspring were fed the control or MET-supplemented diet from weaning to 6 months of age, resulting in four study groups (six litters per group): C/C, C/MET, MET/C, and MET/MET. RESULTS Maternal MET-supplementation increased average daily gain (ADG), body weight (BW), lean percentage and longissimus dorsi (LD) of the offspring at day 180 (P < 0.05), and upregulated the myosin heavy chain IIx, myogenic differentiation and muscle regulatory factor 4 mRNA levels in the LD muscle (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, offspring from maternal MET-supplementation exhibited a higher pH24h post mortem and superoxide dismutase activity, a lower L* 45min , glycolytic potential, malonaldehyde content in the LD muscle, and plasma homocysteine concentration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Maternal MET-supplementation has a remarkable effect on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of the offspring, which is associated with increased expression levels of myogenic genes and anti-oxidant capacity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Jin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuedong Xuan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Zou L, Xiong X, Liu H, Zhou J, Liu Y, Yin Y. Effects of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immunity response and microbiota community of growing pigs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1643-1650. [PMID: 30198063 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysozyme has been studied as a potential alternative to antibiotics for animals in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary lysozyme on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, immune response and gut health of growing pigs. RESULTS A total of 216 growing pigs (19.81 ± 0.47 kg) were fed the diets supplemented with colistin sulfate at 20 mg kg-1 (control), or lysozyme at 50 (L50) or 100 mg kg-1 (L100) diet for 30 days. The results showed that pigs fed with L100 or control had greater average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio than pigs in the L50 group. Pigs fed with L100 or colistin had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in jejunum compared with pigs in the L50 group. Pigs fed with L100 had greater serum immunoglobulin A and jejunal secretory immunoglobulin A than control and L50, but lower serum total protein and globulin than control. No differences were observed in the messenger RNA expression of genes related to mucosal cytokines, antioxidant capacity, enzyme activity, and barrier functions among three treatments. The caecal microflora evenness was lower in the L100 group than in the control or L50 group by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states analysis predicted that lysozyme may modify nutrient metabolism by changing intestinal microbial function of pigs. CONCLUSIONS Pigs supplemented with 100 mg kg-1 lysozyme had similar growth performance and intestinal morphology as pigs fed with colistin. This was likely due to the improved systemic and gut immune responses and the reduced microbiota diversity by feeding 100 mg kg-1 lysozyme. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zou
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Basic Biology, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Hongnan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Wang L, Gong L, Zhu L, Peng C, Liao J, Ke L, Dong B. Effects of activated charcoal-herb extractum complex on the growth performance, immunological indices, intestinal morphology and microflora in weaning piglets. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5948-5957. [PMID: 35517287 PMCID: PMC9060878 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10283j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of activated charcoal-herb extractum complex (CHC) on the growth performance, immunological indices, intestinal morphology and microflora in weaning piglets to determine the optimal supplemental dose. A total of 216 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) with an initial body weight of 8.55 ± 1.18 kg were randomly assigned to six treatment groups; each treatment group had six pens, with six pigs per pen. The study period was 28 d. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 mg kg-1 of CHC over two 14-d periods. Two additional diets containing 0 and 1000 mg kg-1 of montmorillonite were set as the negative and positive controls, respectively. Supplementation with 500 mg kg-1 of CHC significantly increased average daily gain compared with the positive and negative controls during phase I and the entire experimental period (P < 0.05). During phase I, 500 and 1000 mg kg-1 of CHC significantly decreased diarrhea incidence compared with the negative control, and increased serum IGF-1 and serum IgM levels compared with the controls (P < 0.05). CHC at 500 mg kg-1 significantly decreased the diarrhea score during the entire experimental period compared with the negative control (P < 0.05). On day 28, supplementation with 500 and 1000 mg kg-1 of CHC increased serum IgG, IL-1β, and duodenum and jejunum secretory IgA compared with the negative control and decreased duodenum and jejunum MDA levels compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Increased duodenum and jejunum villus height and an increased ratio of villus height to crypt depth were observed compared with the negative control and decreased viable counts of E. coli in the cecum were detected compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Collectively, the optimal dose of CHC was found to be 500 to 1000 mg kg-1 in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 P. R. China +86-10-62733688 +86-10-62733588
| | - Limin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 P. R. China +86-10-62733688 +86-10-62733588
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 P. R. China +86-10-62733688 +86-10-62733588
| | - Chucai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 P. R. China +86-10-62733688 +86-10-62733588
| | - Jianling Liao
- Fujian Baicaoshaung Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Nanping 353200 P. R. China
| | - Linfu Ke
- Fujian Baicaoshaung Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Nanping 353200 P. R. China
| | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 P. R. China +86-10-62733688 +86-10-62733588
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Xiao CJ, Yu XJ, Xie JL, Liu S, Li S. Protective effect and related mechanisms of curcumin in rat experimental periodontitis. Head Face Med 2018; 14:12. [PMID: 30115081 PMCID: PMC6097422 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-018-0169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Curcumin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects and has been suggested as a treatment for inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on the lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory response in rat gingival fibroblasts in vitro and ligation-induced experimental periodontitis in vivo, and to speculate the possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of curcumin. Methods The gingival fibroblasts were incubated with different concentrations of curcumin in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Concentrations of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) culture supernatants of rat gingival fibroblasts were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The nuclear fraction of rat gingival fibroblasts was extracted and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation was assessed by western blotting to elucidate related mechanisms. Curcumin was given every two days by oral gavage. The gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss between the first and second molars were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Collagen fibers were observed by picro-sirius red staining. Alveolar bone loss was assessed by micro-CT analysis. Results Curcumin attenuated the production of IL-1β and TNF-α in rat gingival fibroblasts stimulated by LPS, and inhibited the LPS-induced decrease in OPG/sRANKL ratio and NF-κB activation. Curcumin significantly reduced gingival inflammation and modulated collagen fiber and alveolar bone loss in vivo. Conclusions curcumin modulates inflammatory activity in rat periodontitis by inhibiting NF-κB activation and decreasing the OPG/sRANKL ratio induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jie Xiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral tissue regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1# West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, 101# Jingliu Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xi-Jiao Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, 101# Jingliu Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Li Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, 101# Jingliu Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral tissue regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1# West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral tissue regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1# West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Wan J, Zhang J, Chen D, Yu B, Mao X, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo J, He J. Alginate oligosaccharide-induced intestinal morphology, barrier function and epithelium apoptosis modifications have beneficial effects on the growth performance of weaned pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:58. [PMID: 30128148 PMCID: PMC6094457 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS), produced from alginate by alginate lyase-mediated depolymerisation, is a potential substitute for antibiotics and possesses growth-enhancing effects. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which AOS regulates porcine growth remain to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the AOS-mediated changes in the growth performance of weaned pigs by determining the intestinal morphology, barrier function, as well as epithelium apoptosis. Methods Twenty-four weaned pigs were distributed into two groups (n = 12) and received either a basal diet (control group) or the same diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg AOS. On d 15, D-xylose (0.1 g/kg body weight) was orally administrated to eight randomly selected pigs per treatment, and their serum and intestinal mucosa samples were collected 1 h later. Results Our results showed that inclusion of AOS in the diet for 2 wk increased (P < 0.05) the average daily body weight gain in weaned pigs. Notably, AOS supplementation ameliorated the intestinal morphology and barrier function, as suggested by the enhanced (P < 0.05) intestinal villus height, secretory immunoglobulin A content and goblet cell counts. Compared to the control group, AOS ingestion both decreased (P < 0.05) the total apoptotic percentage and increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of S phase in the intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, AOS not only up-regulated (P < 0.05) the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) transcriptional level but also down-regulated (P < 0.05) the B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein (BAX), cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3) and caspase-9 transcriptional levels in the small intestine. Conclusions In summary, this study provides evidence that supplemental AOS beneficially affects the growth performance of weaned pigs, which may result from the improved intestinal morphology and barrier function, as well as the inhibited enterocyte death, through reducing apoptosis via mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
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Wan J, Xu Q, He J. Maternal chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation during late gestation and lactation affects offspring growth. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1435313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingsong Xu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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30
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Wan J, Zhang J, Chen D, Yu B, Mao X, Zheng P, Yu J, Huang Z, Luo J, Luo Y, He J. Alginate oligosaccharide alleviates enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli-induced intestinal mucosal disruption in weaned pigs. Food Funct 2018; 9:6401-6413. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is a non-toxic, non-immunogenic, non-carcinogenic and biodegradable product generated by depolymerisation of alginate, and exhibits various salutary properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
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Wan J, Zhang J, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Mao X, Zheng P, Yu J, He J. Alginate oligosaccharide enhances intestinal integrity of weaned pigs through altering intestinal inflammatory responses and antioxidant status. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13482-13492. [PMID: 35542522 PMCID: PMC9079839 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01943f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS), prepared from depolymerised alginate, a natural polysaccharide occurring in the cell walls of brown algae, provides beneficial effects for intestinal health. However, the underlying mechanisms by which AOS supplementation maintains the intestinal integrity of weaned pigs remain obscure. Here, we aimed to determine how AOS modulates the intestinal integrity of weaned pigs. Twenty-four weaned pigs were assigned to two treatments: a control group (basal diet) and an AOS group (the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg kg−1 AOS). On day 15, eight pigs per treatment were randomly selected and sacrificed for serum and intestinal samples. We observed that AOS supplementation enhanced the intestinal integrity, as evidenced by the increased (P < 0.05) intestinal occludin protein abundance. Compared to the control group, AOS ingestion both elevated (P < 0.05) the jejunal and ileal catalase activity and decreased (P < 0.05) the duodenal and jejunal tumour necrosis factor-α concentration and mast cell tryptase expression. Furthermore, AOS down-regulated (P < 0.05) the duodenal toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its down-stream signals, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) mRNA levels, as well as jejunal nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain protein 1 (NOD1) and its adaptor molecule, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIPK2), mRNA levels. Additionally, phospho-nuclear factor-κB (p-NF-κB) p65 protein abundance in the duodenum and jejunum was down-regulated (P < 0.05) following AOS supplementation. According to the above results, the enhanced intestinal integrity in AOS-supplemented pigs appears to be associated with the elevated antioxidant capacity and the reduced mast cell degranulation, as well as the inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines production via inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB and NOD1/NF-κB signalling pathways. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS), prepared from depolymerised alginate, a natural polysaccharide occurring in the cell walls of brown algae, provides beneficial effects for intestinal health.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
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Wan J, Zhang J, Chen D, Yu B, He J. Effects of alginate oligosaccharide on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal digestion-absorption function in weaned pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Amniotic fluid metabolomics and biochemistry analysis provides novel insights into the diet-regulated foetal growth in a pig model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44782. [PMID: 28300194 PMCID: PMC5353717 DOI: 10.1038/srep44782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Foetal loss and intrauterine growth restriction are major problems in mammals, but there are few effective ways in preventing it. Intriguingly, chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a biomaterial derived from chitosan, can promote foetal survival and growth. Therefore, we have investigated how COS affects foetal survival and growth in a pig model. Fifty-two sows were divided into two treatment groups (n = 26) and fed either solely a control diet or a control diet that includes 100 mg/kg COS. Amniotic fluid and foetus samples from six sows that were of average body weight in each group were collected on gestation day 35. We applied a 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach combined with biochemistry analysis to track the changes that occurred in the amniotic fluid of pregnant sows after COS intervention. Maternal COS inclusion had enhanced (P < 0.05) the foetal survival rate and size at 35 days. COS supplementation had both increased (P < 0.05) SOD, CAT and T-AOC activities and elevated (P < 0.05) IL-10, IgG and IgM concentrations in the amniotic fluid. Moreover, COS had affected (P < 0.05) the amniotic fluid’s lysine, citrate, glucose and hypoxanthine levels. Overall, COS inclusion induced amniotic fluid antioxidant status and metabolic profiles modifications characterising improvements in foetal survival and growth in a pig model.
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Wan J, Jiang F, Xu Q, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Mao X, Yu J, He J. New insights into the role of chitosan oligosaccharide in enhancing growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and intestinal development of weaned pigs. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), an oligomer ofd-glucosamine, is a vital growth stimulant in the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Xu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science
- Dalian Ocean University
- Dalian 116023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
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Wan J, Chen D, Yu B, Luo Y, Mao X, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo J, He J. Leucine Protects Against Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Rats. J Med Food 2016; 20:93-101. [PMID: 28009536 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a decrease in muscle mass that occurs when protein degradation exceeds protein synthesis. Leucine (Leu), an essential branched-chain amino acid in animal nutrition, regulates skeletal muscle protein metabolism. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate whether Leu could alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced skeletal muscle wasting by modulating skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation. A total of 24 rats were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 8): (1) non-challenged control; (2) LPS-challenged control; and (3) LPS +3.0% Leu. Rats were fed with control or Leu-supplemented (part of the casein was replaced with 3.0% Leu) diets throughout the trial and were injected intraperitoneally with sterile saline or LPS at days 6, 11, 16, and 21. On the morning of day 22, serum samples were collected and rats were then sacrificed for liver and muscle analysis. In vitro protein degradation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity, and proteolytic enzyme activities of the muscles from immune-challenged rats were also measured. Our results showed that the LPS challenge resulted in not only enhanced serum interleukin-1 and liver C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations but also decreased the average daily body weight gain and muscle fiber diameter. However, dietary Leu inclusion attenuated the increase in CRP level and the decrease in muscle fiber diameter. Importantly, the LPS challenge caused a significant elevation in the muscle proteolysis rate, but dietary Leu supplementation significantly blocked the muscle proteolysis. The mRNA expression of NF-κB, muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), and muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1) was upregulated by the LPS challenge in gastrocnemius muscles, but was downregulated by Leu supplementation. Interestingly, when muscles from the LPS-challenged rats were incubated with Leu in vitro, proteasome-, calpain-, and cathepsin-L-dependent muscle proteolysis and NF-κB activity were decreased. Collectively, the data suggest that Leu supplementation could inhibit excessive skeletal muscle degradation, as well as enhance protein synthesis and, thus, attenuate the negative effects caused by the LPS-induced immune challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, China
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