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Lin H, Shen F, Xu J, Zhang L, Xu S, Liu N, Luo S. Thermal Transport in Extremely Confined Metallic Nanostructures: TET Characterization. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:140. [PMID: 36616049 PMCID: PMC9824337 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the continuous development of electronic chips and the increasing integration of devices have led to extensive research on the thermal properties of ultrathin metallic materials. In particular, accurate characterization of their thermal transport properties has become a research hotspot. In this paper, we review the characterization methods of metallic nanomaterials, focusing on the principles of the transient electrothermal (TET) technique and the differential TET technique. By using the differential TET technique, the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and Lorenz number of extremely confined metallic nanostructures can be characterized with high measurement accuracy. At present, we are limited by the availability of existing coating machines that determine the thickness of the metal films, but this is not due to the measurement technology itself. If a material with a smaller diameter and lower thermal conductivity is used as the substrate, much thinner nanostructures can be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Fuhua Shen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Jinbo Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Shen Xu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Siyi Luo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
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Hunter N, Karamati A, Xie Y, Lin H, Wang X. Laser photoreduction of graphene aerogel microfibers: dynamic electrical and thermal behaviors. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200417. [PMID: 35947105 PMCID: PMC10087394 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the dynamic behaviors of graphene aerogel (GA) microfibers during and after continuous wave (CW) laser photoreduction. The reduction results in a one-order of magnitude increase in the electrical conductivity. The experimental results reveal the exact mechanisms of photoreduction as it occurs: immediate photochemical removal of oxygen functional groups causing a sharp decrease in electrical resistance and subsequent laser heating that facilitates thermal rearrangement of GO sheets towards more graphene-like domains. X-ray and Raman spectroscopy analysis confirm that photoreduction removes virtually all oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups. Interestingly, a dynamic period immediately following the end of laser exposure shows a slow, gradual increase in electrical resistance, suggesting that a proportion of the electrical conductivity enhancement from photoreduction is not permanent. A two-part experiment monitoring the resistance changes in real-time before and after photoreduction is conducted to investigate this critical period. The thermal diffusivity evolution of the microfiber is tracked and shows an improvement of 277% after all photoreduction experiments. A strong linear coherency between thermal diffusivity and electrical conductivity is also uncovered. This is the first known work to explore both the dynamic electrical and thermal evolution of a GO-based aerogel during and after photoreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hunter
- Iowa State University of Science and Technology: Iowa State University, Mechanical Engineering, 1915 Scholl Road, 50011, Ames, CHINA
| | - Amin Karamati
- Iowa State University of Science and Technology: Iowa State University, Mechanical Engineering, 1915 Scholl Road, 50011, Ames, UNITED STATES
| | - Yangsu Xie
- Shenzhen University, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen, CHINA
| | - Huan Lin
- Qingdao University of Technology, Environmental and Municipal Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao, CHINA
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Iowa State University, 2025 Black Engr. Bldg., 50011, Ames, UNITED STATES
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Kelly AG, O'Reilly J, Gabbett C, Szydłowska B, O'Suilleabhain D, Khan U, Maughan J, Carey T, Sheil S, Stamenov P, Coleman JN. Highly Conductive Networks of Silver Nanosheets. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105996. [PMID: 35218146 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although printed networks of semiconducting nanosheets have found success in a range of applications, conductive nanosheet networks are limited by low conductivities (<106 S m-1 ). Here, dispersions of silver nanosheets (AgNS) that can be printed into highly conductive networks are described. Using a commercial thermal inkjet printer, AgNS patterns with unannealed conductivities of up to (6.0 ± 1.1) × 106 S m-1 are printed. These networks can form electromagnetic interference shields with record shielding effectiveness of >60 dB in the microwave region at thicknesses <200 nm. High resolution patterns with line widths down to 10 µm are also printed using an aerosol-jet printer which, when annealed at 200 °C, display conductivity >107 S m-1 . Unlike conventional Ag-nanoparticle inks, the 2D geometry of AgNS yields smooth, short-free interfaces between electrode and active layer when used as the top electrode in vertical nanosheet heterostructures. This shows that all-printed vertical heterostructures of AgNS/WS2 /AgNS, where the top electrode is a mesh grid, function as photodetectors demonstrating that such structures can be used in optoelectronic applications that usually require transparent conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Kelly
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Jane O'Reilly
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Cian Gabbett
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Beata Szydłowska
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Domhnall O'Suilleabhain
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Umar Khan
- Department of Life Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Jack Maughan
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Tian Carey
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Siadhbh Sheil
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Plamen Stamenov
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
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Rahman MA, Giri A. Uniquely anisotropic mechanical and thermal responses of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites under uniaxial strain. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:124703. [PMID: 34598592 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The complete understanding of the mechanical and thermal responses to strain in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites holds great potential for their proper functionalities in a range of applications, such as in photovoltaics, thermoelectrics, and flexible electronics. In this work, we conduct systematic atomistic simulations on methyl ammonium lead iodide, which is the prototypical hybrid inorganic-organic perovskite, to investigate the changes in their mechanical and thermal transport responses under uniaxial strain. We find that the mechanical response and the deformation mechanisms are highly dependent on the direction of the applied uniaxial strain with a characteristic ductile- or brittle-like failure accompanying uniaxial tension. Moreover, while most materials shrink in the two lateral directions when stretched, we find that the ductile behavior in hybrid perovskites can lead to a very unique mechanical response where negligible strain occurs along one lateral direction while the length contraction occurs in the other direction due to uniaxial tension. This anisotropy in the mechanical response is also shown to manifest in an anisotropic thermal response of the hybrid perovskite where the anisotropy in thermal conductivity increases by up to 30% compared to the unstrained case before plastic deformation occurs at higher strain levels. Along with the anisotropic responses of these physical properties, we find that uniaxial tension leads to ultralow thermal conductivities that are well below the value predicted with a minimum thermal conductivity model, which highlights the potential of strain engineering to tune the physical properties of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akif Rahman
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - Ashutosh Giri
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
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Al-Mamun M, Orlowski M. Electron tunneling between vibrating atoms in a copper nano-filament. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7413. [PMID: 33795732 PMCID: PMC8016960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanowires, atomic point contacts, and chains of atoms are one-dimensional nanostructures, which display size-dependent quantum effects in electrical and thermal conductivity. In this work a Cu nanofilament of a defined resistance and formed between a Cu and Pt electrode is heated remotely in a controlled way. Depending on the robustness of the conductive filament and the amount of heat transferred several resistance-changing effects are observed. In case of sufficiently fragile nanofilament exhibiting electrical quantum conductance effects and moderate heating applied to it, a dramatic increase of resistance is observed just after the completion of the heating cycle. However, when the filament is allowed to cool off, a spontaneous restoration of the originally set resistance of the filament is observed within less than couple tens of seconds. When the filament is sufficiently fragile or the heating too excessive, the filament is permanently ruptured, resulting in a high resistance of the cell. In contrast, for robust, low resistance filaments, the remote heating does not affect the resistance. The spontaneous restoration of the initial resistance value is explained by electron tunneling between neighboring vibrating Cu atoms. As the vibrations of the Cu atoms subside during the cooling off period, the electron tunneling between the Cu atoms becomes more likely. At elevated temperatures, the average tunneling distance increases, leading to a sharp decrease of the tunneling probability and, consequently, to a sharp increase in transient resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al-Mamun
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Marius Orlowski
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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Zhuang Y, Zheng K, Cao X, Fan Q, Ye G, Lu J, Zhang J, Ma Y. Flexible Graphene Nanocomposites with Simultaneous Highly Anisotropic Thermal and Electrical Conductivities Prepared by Engineered Graphene with Flat Morphology. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11733-11742. [PMID: 32865991 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Achieving nanocomposites with simultaneous highly anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivities using carbon materials remains challenging as carbon material tends to form random networks in nanocomposites. Here, highly anisotropic and flexible graphene@naphthalenesulfonate (NS)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (GN/PVA) nanocomposites were fabricated using a layer-by-layer scraping method with flat graphene as the starting functional filler. NS acted as a bond bridge for linking the graphene (π-π interaction) and PVA (hydrogen bond). The results showed well-dispersed graphene in the nanocomposites while maintaining flat morphology with uniform in-plane orientation. The as-fabricated nanocomposites exhibited highly anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivities. The in-plane and out-of-plane thermal conductivities of the nanocomposite prepared with 10.0 wt % graphene reached 13.8 and 0.6 W m-1 K-1, and in-plane and out-of-plane electrical conductivities were 10-1 and 10-10 S cm-1, respectively. This indicated highly anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivities. Furthermore, the nanocomposites showed elevated flexibility and tensile strength from 42.0 MPa for pure PVA to 110.0 MPa for GN-5.0 wt %/PVA. In sum, the proposed strategy is effective for the preparation of nanocomposites with high flexibility, as well as superior anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Zhuang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zheng
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Qingrui Fan
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Gang Ye
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Ma
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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Shi Z, Tian X, Luo Z, Huang R, Wu L, Li Q. Photothermal Imaging of Individual Nano-Objects with Large Scattering Cross Sections. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1659-1665. [PMID: 31994889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal (PT) microscopy enables the efficient detection of absorbing nano-objects with high sensitivity and stability. The PT signal in the current PT microscopy usually comes from the interaction of the probe laser beam with the heating laser beam-induced thermal lens, and the contribution of the scattering field from the imaged nano-object is usually not taken into account. Here, in this paper, we systematically studied the influence of the scattering field from the imaged nanoparticles on the obtained PT signal by using Ag nanowires (NWs) on a glass substrate surrounded by glycerol as an example. Under the excitation of a heating laser beam at 532 nm wavelength, the rise of local temperature around the Ag NW results in the intensity variation of the interferometric scattering probe light at 730 nm wavelength which includes the scattering light from the Ag NW and the reflection light from the glass-glycerol interface. We found that the PT signal on the NW are positive and negative for the probe beam polarized parallel and perpendicular to the NW axis, respectively. Numerical simulations confirm that the heat-induced intensity variation of the pure scattering light from the NW and the thermal lens-induced intensity increase of the reflection light both contribute to the obtained PT signal. Our work provides the basic guidance for the analysis of PT signal from nano-objects with large scattering cross sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghong Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Xiaorui Tian
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , China
| | - Zhangzeng Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Rongchen Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Qiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
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Fantanas D, Brunton A, Henley SJ, Dorey RA. Investigation of the mechanism for current induced network failure for spray deposited silver nanowires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:465705. [PMID: 30179165 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aadeda] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires are one of the prominent candidates for the replacement of the incumbent indium tin oxide in thin and flexible electronics applications. Their main drawback is their inferior electrical robustness. Here, the mechanism of the short duration direct current induced failure in large networks is investigated by current stress tests and by examining the morphology of failures. It is found that the failures are due to the heating of the film and they initiate at the nanowire junctions, indicating that the main failure mechanism is based on the Joule heating of the junctions. This failure mechanism is different than what has been seen in literature for single nanowires and sparse networks. In addition, finite element heating simulations are performed to support the findings. Finally, we suggest ways of improving these films, in order to make them more suitable for device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fantanas
- EPSRC CDT in MiNMaT, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom. M-Solv Ltd, Oxonian Park, Kidlington OX5 1FP, United Kingdom
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