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Korotcenkov G, Simonenko NP, Simonenko EP, Sysoev VV, Brinzari V. Paper-Based Humidity Sensors as Promising Flexible Devices, State of the Art, Part 2: Humidity-Sensor Performances. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13081381. [PMID: 37110966 PMCID: PMC10144639 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review article covers all types of paper-based humidity sensor, such as capacitive, resistive, impedance, fiber-optic, mass-sensitive, microwave, and RFID (radio-frequency identification) humidity sensors. The parameters of these sensors and the materials involved in their research and development, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, semiconductors, and polymers, are comprehensively detailed, with a special focus on the advantages/disadvantages from an application perspective. Numerous technological/design approaches to the optimization of the performances of the sensors are considered, along with some non-conventional approaches. The review ends with a detailed analysis of the current problems encountered in the development of paper-based humidity sensors, supported by some solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghenadii Korotcenkov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Moldova State University, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Nikolay P. Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.S.); (E.P.S.)
| | - Elizaveta P. Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.S.); (E.P.S.)
| | - Victor V. Sysoev
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., 410054 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Brinzari
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Moldova State University, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova;
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Ragazzini I, Castagnoli R, Gualandi I, Cassani MC, Nanni D, Gambassi F, Scavetta E, Bernardi E, Ballarin B. A resistive sensor for humidity detection based on cellulose/polyaniline. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28217-28226. [PMID: 36320282 PMCID: PMC9530799 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03982f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient humidity is an important parameter that affects the manufacturing and storage of several industrial and agricultural goods. In the view of the Internet of Things (IoT), single sensors could be associated with an object for smart monitoring enabling optimum conditions to be maintained. Nevertheless, the production of cost-effective humidity sensors for indoor and outdoor environmental monitoring currently represents the main bottleneck in the development of this technology. Herein we report the results obtained with sensors exclusively made of cellulose and polyaniline (cell/PANI) under strictly controlled relative humidity (30–50 RH%) and temperature (21 ± 1 °C) achieved with a climatic chamber that simulates the conditions of indoor air humidity, and at different RH% in a lab test chamber set-up. Cell/PANI sensors, prepared with a simple, inexpensive, and easily scalable industrial paper process, show a linear trend with a slope of 1.41 μA RH%−1 and a percentage of sensitivity of 13%. Response time as well as percentage of sensitivity results are similar to those of a commercial digital-output relative humidity and temperature sensor (DHT22) employed in parallel for comparison. The commercial sensor DHT22 has a sensitivity of 14%. This low-cost sensor has potential applications in agriculture, food monitoring, and medical and industrial environments as a disposable sensor for humidity detection. Preparation of highly conductive polyaniline-coated cellulose sheets for the fabrication of humidity sensors via a simple, inexpensive, and robust method. These sensors show a linear, rapid, and reliable response for humidity cycling.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ragazzini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Bologna University, UdR INSTM BolognaVia Risorgimento 4I-40136BolognaItaly+390512093704+390512093386
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Bologna University, UdR INSTM BolognaVia Risorgimento 4I-40136BolognaItaly+390512093704+390512093386
| | - Isacco Gualandi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Bologna University, UdR INSTM BolognaVia Risorgimento 4I-40136BolognaItaly+390512093704+390512093386,Center for Industrial Research-Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology CIRI MAM University of BolognaViale del Risorgimento 2I-40136 BolognaItaly,Center for Industrial Research-Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare e Energia CIRI FRAME University of BolognaViale del Risorgimento 2I-40136 BolognaItaly
| | - Maria Cristina Cassani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Bologna University, UdR INSTM BolognaVia Risorgimento 4I-40136BolognaItaly+390512093704+390512093386,Center for Industrial Research-Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology CIRI MAM University of BolognaViale del Risorgimento 2I-40136 BolognaItaly
| | - Daniele Nanni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Bologna University, UdR INSTM BolognaVia Risorgimento 4I-40136BolognaItaly+390512093704+390512093386
| | - Francesca Gambassi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Bologna University, UdR INSTM BolognaVia Risorgimento 4I-40136BolognaItaly+390512093704+390512093386
| | - Erika Scavetta
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Bologna University, UdR INSTM BolognaVia Risorgimento 4I-40136BolognaItaly+390512093704+390512093386,Center for Industrial Research-Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology CIRI MAM University of BolognaViale del Risorgimento 2I-40136 BolognaItaly,Center for Industrial Research-Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare e Energia CIRI FRAME University of BolognaViale del Risorgimento 2I-40136 BolognaItaly
| | - Elena Bernardi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Bologna University, UdR INSTM BolognaVia Risorgimento 4I-40136BolognaItaly+390512093704+390512093386,Center for Industrial Research-Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare e Energia CIRI FRAME University of BolognaViale del Risorgimento 2I-40136 BolognaItaly
| | - Barbara Ballarin
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Bologna University, UdR INSTM BolognaVia Risorgimento 4I-40136BolognaItaly+390512093704+390512093386,Center for Industrial Research-Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology CIRI MAM University of BolognaViale del Risorgimento 2I-40136 BolognaItaly,Center for Industrial Research-Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare e Energia CIRI FRAME University of BolognaViale del Risorgimento 2I-40136 BolognaItaly
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Pauly A, Saad Ali S, Varenne C, Brunet J, Llobet E, Ndiaye AL. Phthalocyanines and Porphyrins/Polyaniline Composites (PANI/CuPctBu and PANI/TPPH 2) as Sensing Materials for Ammonia Detection. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:891. [PMID: 35267714 PMCID: PMC8912817 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We combined a conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANI), with an organic semiconducting macrocyclic (MCs) material. The macrocycles are the phthalocyanines and porphyrins used to tune the electrical properties of the PANI, which benefits from their ability to enhance sensor response. For this, we proceeded by a simple ultrasonically assisted reaction involving the two components, i.e., the PANI matrix and the MCs, to achieve the synthesis of the composite nanostructure PANI/MCs. The composite nanostructure has been characterized and deposited on interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) to construct resistive sensor devices. The isolated nanostructured composites present good electrical properties dominated by PANI electronic conductivity, and the characterization reveals that both components are present in the nanostructure. The experimental results obtained under gas exposures show that the composite nanostructures can be used as a sensing material with enhanced sensing properties. The sensing performance under different conditions, such as ambient humidity, and the sensor's operating temperature are also investigated. Sensing behavior in deficient humidity levels and their response at different temperatures revealed unusual behaviors that help to understand the sensing mechanism. Gas sensors based on PANI/MCs demonstrate significant stability over time, but this stability is highly reduced after experiments in lower humidity conditions and at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Pauly
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.P.); (S.S.A.); (C.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Sahal Saad Ali
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.P.); (S.S.A.); (C.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Christelle Varenne
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.P.); (S.S.A.); (C.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Jérôme Brunet
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.P.); (S.S.A.); (C.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Eduard Llobet
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Microsystems Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis (MINOS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Amadou L. Ndiaye
- CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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3D Hierarchical Polyaniline-Metal Hybrid Nanopillars: Morphological Control and Its Antibacterial Application. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102716. [PMID: 34685158 PMCID: PMC8540657 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Effective and reliable antibacterial surfaces are in high demand in modern society. Although recent works have shown excellent antibacterial performance by combining unique hierarchical nanotopological structures with functional polymer coating, determining the antibacterial performance arising from morphological changes is necessary. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical polyaniline–gold (PANI/Au) hybrid nanopillars were successfully fabricated via chemical polymerization (i.e., dilute method). The morphology and structures of the PANI/Au nanopillars were controlled by the reaction time (10 min to 60 h) and the molar concentrations of the monomer (0.01, 0.1, and 1 M aniline), oxidant (0.002, 0.0067, 0.01, and 0.02 M ammonium persulfate), and acid (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 2 M perchloric acid). These complex combinations allow controlling the hierarchical micro- to nanostructure of PANI on a nanopillar array (NPA). Furthermore, the surface of the 3D PANI/Au hierarchical nanostructure can be chemically treated while maintaining the structure using initiated chemical vapor deposition. Moreover, the excellent antibacterial performance of the 3D PANI/Au hierarchical nanostructure (HNS) exceeds 99% after functional polymer coating. The excellent antibacterial performance of the obtained 3D PANI/Au HNS is mainly because of the complex topological and physicochemical surface modification. Thus, these 3D PANI/Au hierarchical nanostructures are promising high-performance antibacterial materials.
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Intrinsically conductive polymers hybrid bilayer films for the fluorescence molecular diagnosis of the Zika virus. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112120. [PMID: 34597940 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In 2016, the Zika virus (ZIKV) infection became a major public health problem, after the discovery that an alarming increase in the number of Brazilian newborns with microcephaly could be associated with the occurrence of this viral disease during the pregnancy of their mothers. The urgent need for simple diagnostic methods that allow rapid screening of suspected cases has stimulated the search for low-cost devices capable of detecting specific sequences of nucleic acids. The present work describes the development of nanostructured films formed by bilayers of conjugated polymers for rapid detection of the presence of Zika virus DNA, via fluorescence methods. For this, we initially deposited alternating layers of polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPY) on the surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets. The films obtained were then characterized by SEM, UV-Vis, ATR-FTIR, and contact angle measurements. For their use as quenchers for the diagnosis of Zika, a single DNA strand-specific for ZIKV was labeled with a fluorophore (FAM-ssDNA). We determined the time required for the saturation of the interaction between probe FAM-ssDNA and the film (180 min) and the time for the maximal hybridization between FAM-ssDNA and target DNA to occur (60 min). The detection limits were estimated as 345 pM and 278 pM for the PET/PPY-PANI and PET/PANI-PPY hybrid films, respectively. The simplicity of the procedure, coupled with the fact that a positive/negative response can be obtained in less than 60 min, suggests that the proposal of using these polymeric bilayer films is a promising methodology for the development of rapid molecular diagnostic tests.
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Javadian-Saraf A, Hosseini E, Wiltshire BD, Zarifi MH, Arjmand M. Graphene oxide/polyaniline-based microwave split-ring resonator: A versatile platform towards ammonia sensing. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126283. [PMID: 34116273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia gas sensors have always received significant attention as robust platforms for emission control, food safety, and monitoring human exhaled breath for the early diagnosis of diseases such as dysfunction of the kidney and liver. This study explores the development of a microwave-based split-ring resonator (SRR) sensor with enhanced sensitivity to detect ammonia gas at low concentrations. The sensor is based on a nanocomposite fabricated by incorporating 10 wt% of graphene oxide (GO) into polyaniline (PANI) via the in-situ polymerization of aniline monomers over the surface of the GO sheets. The addition of GO to PANI results in a high sensitivity of 0.038 dB ppm-1 for low concentrations (1-25 ppm) and 0.0045 dB ppm-1 for high concentrations (> 25 ppm) of ammonia gas, in a 150-400 s time interval at room temperature. The prepared sensor can selectively sense ammonia gas in the presence of other higher concentrations of hazardous gases and a wide range of relative humidity levels (15-90%). The response signal is repeatable after 30 days with less than 0.32% deviation. The developed low-cost and robust sensor has the potential to monitor ammonia gas in various applications, including medical, environmental, food, and agricultural sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Javadian-Saraf
- Okanagan Microelectronics and Gigahertz Applications Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada; Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ehsan Hosseini
- Okanagan Microelectronics and Gigahertz Applications Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada; Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Benjamin Daniel Wiltshire
- Okanagan Microelectronics and Gigahertz Applications Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mohammad H Zarifi
- Okanagan Microelectronics and Gigahertz Applications Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada.
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Mustafin AG, Latypova LR, Andriianova AN, Mullagaliev IN, Salikhov SM, Salikhov RB, Usmanova GS. Polymerization of new aniline derivatives: synthesis, characterization and application as sensors. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21006-21016. [PMID: 35479361 PMCID: PMC9034057 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This work is focused on modifying aniline monomers with various characteristics that allows one to study the effect of the substituent on the respective polymer. A series of new polyaniline (PANI) derivatives based on an ortho-substituted aniline derivative, 2-(1-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)aniline, were synthesized and characterized. The structures and composition of the polymers that we synthesized were confirmed by elemental analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV). Characterization by FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscopy techniques indicated that the polymers exist in protonated emeraldine forms. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results revealed that the surface morphology of the resulting polymers changed from a heterogeneous hierarchical to spherical structure upon changing the substituent in the aniline monomers. The polymers are soluble in common organic solvents, so they can be used to make films. The electrical properties of the polymers were studied and their high sensitivity to moisture and ammonia was demonstrated. The results of the studies showed the prospects of using thin polymer films in the design of chemical sensors. The impact of the substituent on the polymer characteristics is rationalized in terms of steric and electronic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhat G Mustafin
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Republic of Bashkortostan, pr. Oktyabrya 71 Ufa 450054 Russia
| | - Lyaysan R Latypova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Republic of Bashkortostan, pr. Oktyabrya 71 Ufa 450054 Russia
| | - Anastasia N Andriianova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Republic of Bashkortostan, pr. Oktyabrya 71 Ufa 450054 Russia
| | - Ilnur N Mullagaliev
- Bashkir State University Republic of Bashkortostan, Z. Validi St 32 Ufa 450076 Russia
| | - Shamil M Salikhov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Republic of Bashkortostan, pr. Oktyabrya 71 Ufa 450054 Russia
| | - Renat B Salikhov
- Bashkir State University Republic of Bashkortostan, Z. Validi St 32 Ufa 450076 Russia
| | - Gulsum S Usmanova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Republic of Bashkortostan, pr. Oktyabrya 71 Ufa 450054 Russia
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Ahmadi Tabar F, Nikfarjam A, Tavakoli N, Nasrollah Gavgani J, Mahyari M, Hosseini SG. Chemical-resistant ammonia sensor based on polyaniline/CuO nanoparticles supported on three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene-based framework nanocomposites. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:293. [PMID: 32347392 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel ammonia (NH3) chemical sensor is presented with ultra-high response, good selectivity, fast response, and long-term stability using detecting layer of polyaniline/cupric oxide nanoparticles supported on three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene-based frameworks (PANI/CuO@3D-NGF) nanocomposite. The NH3 gas sensing response of the PANI/CuO@3D-NGF nanocomposite was studied by resistivity method in low concentration range of 50 ppb-100 ppm at room temperature. The PANI/CuO@3D-NGF nanocomposite was prepared through in situ polymerization of PANI on the CuO@3D-NGF with a high surface area. Morphological and structural analysis revealed that the ultrathin 3D interconnected graphene substrate maximizes the surface area. It is also shown that the CuO nanoparticles offer active adsorption sites for free NH3 molecule. The PANI/CuO@3D-NGF nanocomposite gas sensor shows the response of 930% to 100 ppm NH3 with an outstanding low detection limit of 50 ppb and an average response time of 30 s at room temperature. The excellent sensing performance of the PANI/CuO@3D-NGF nanocomposite was attributed to 3D interconnected porous structure, remarkable enhancement of charge carriers as a result of CuO@3D-NGF, and modified π-interactions between molecules. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadi Tabar
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nikfarjam
- Faculty of New Science & Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14399-57131, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Tavakoli
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaber Nasrollah Gavgani
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Mahyari
- Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, P.O. Box 16765-3454, Tehran, Iran.
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Maile NC, Shinde SK, Patil KS, Fulari AV, Shahzad A, Lee DS, Fulari VJ. Capacitive property studies of inexpensive SILAR synthesized polyaniline thin films for supercapacitor application. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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10
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Maganti L, Radhakrishnan TP. Poly(N-octadecylaniline) Synthesized at the Air-Water Interface: Aligned Nanofibers and Gold Nanocomposite Assembly via
the Langmuir-Blodgett Technique. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lasya Maganti
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad - 500 046 India
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