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Rizk HE, Breky MME, Attallah MF. Development of purification of no-carrier-added 47Sc of theranostic interest: selective separation study from the natTi(n,p) process. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2022-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Scandium-47 is one of the most promising medical radioisotopes, and its production and trace separation make it an attractive candidate for theranostic application. In this study, the production of no-carrier-added (NCA) 47Sc through the natTi(n,p) reaction and subsequent purification using liquid–liquid extraction was done for the theranostic application. The comparative separation of NCA 47Sc after the dissolution of an activated Ti target using Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phosphoric Acid (HDEHP) in kerosene was evaluated. The extraction process was optimized in terms of the concentration of extractant, extraction time, pH, and reaction temperature to achieve the maximum possible separation. HDEHP is efficient and promising for rapid extraction and separation of NCA 47Sc from Ti ions at low acidity (pH 0.85) with high extraction percent (>99%), contaminated with 22.3% of Ti ions after 5 min of extraction time. Different stripping reagents were used to separate loaded 47Sc and Ti ions. Firstly, 5 M HCl was enough for stripping the loaded Ti ions. Then the loaded 47Sc was separated with a purity of 100% using 0.05 M NaOH. The obtained results find the HDEHP a promising extractant for efficient separation of 47Sc from irradiated Ti target for preparing the 47Sc radiopharmaceuticals for theranostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E. Rizk
- Nuclear Fuel Technology Department, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center , Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo P.O. Box 13759 , Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. E. Breky
- Radiation Protection Department, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center , Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 13759 , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Attallah
- Analytical Chemistry and Control Department, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center , Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 13759 , Cairo , Egypt
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2
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Purification of Carrier-Free 47Sc of Biomedical Interest: Selective Separation Study from natCa(n,γ). SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
47Sc for theranostic medical applications was produced from the neutron activation of a natural calcium target. Liquid–liquid extraction for separation of the 47Sc radioisotope from 47Ca was carried out with the extractant Cyanex 272 ((2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid). The effects of various extraction parameters on the extraction efficiency and separation of the two radionuclides were investigated, including the extraction time, pH, metal ion concentrations, extractant concentration, diluent type, and phase ratio. It was shown that the extraction yield of the 47Sc radioisotope with the proposed procedure is about 90%, with a fast separation time of 10 min, at pH 1.8 (0.01 M HCl), and with low E (1%) for 47Ca and high separation factors. The stripping % of the loaded 47Sc isotope was about 99.2% using 0.4 M oxalic acid solution with a purity of 99.9%.
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Han J, Wu G, Li Y, Li S, Liao W. Efficient separation of high-abundance rare earth element yttrium and lanthanides by solvent extraction using 2-(bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phosphoryl)-2-hydroxyacetic acid. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Development of micro polymer inclusion beads (µPIBs) for the extraction of lanthanum. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hanada T, Seo K, Yoshida W, Fajar ATN, Goto M. DFT-Based investigation of Amic–Acid extractants and their application to the recovery of Ni and Co from spent automotive Lithium–Ion batteries. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Premadasa UI, Ma YZ, Sacci RL, Bocharova V, Thiele NA, Doughty B. Understanding Self-Assembly and the Stabilization of Liquid/Liquid Interfaces: The Importance of Ligand Tail Branching and Oil-Phase Solvation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 609:807-814. [PMID: 34872722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Organophosphorus-based ligands represent a versatile set of solvent extraction reagents whose chemical makeup plays an important role in extraction mechanism. We hypothesize that the branching of the extractant hydrophobic tail and its oil-phase solvation affect the liquid/liquid interfacial structure. Understanding the structure mediated adsorption and interfacial ordering becomes key in designing ligands with enhanced selectivity and efficiency for targeted extractions. EXPERIMENT We employed vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy and interfacial tension measurements to extract thermodynamic adsorption energies, map interfacial ordering, and rationalize disparate behaviors of model di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and dioctyl phosphoric acid ligands at the hexadecane water interface. FINDINGS With increased surface loading, ligands with branched hydrophobic tails formed stable interfaces at much lower concentrations than those observed for ligands with linear alkyl tails. The lack of an oil phase and associated solvation results in markedly different interfacial properties, and thus measurements made at air/liquid surfaces cannot be assumed to correlate with the processes occurring at buried liquid/liquid interfaces. We attribute these differences in the surface mediated self-assembly to key variations in hydrophobic interactions and tail solvation taking place in the oil phase demonstrating that interactions in both the polar and nonpolar phases are essential to understand self-assembly and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uvinduni I Premadasa
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Ying-Zhong Ma
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Robert L Sacci
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Vera Bocharova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Nikki A Thiele
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Benjamin Doughty
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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Li Z, Dewulf B, Binnemans K. Nonaqueous Solvent Extraction for Enhanced Metal Separations: Concept, Systems, and Mechanisms. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:17285-17302. [PMID: 34898845 PMCID: PMC8662634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and sustainable separation of metals is gaining increasing attention, because of the essential roles of many metals in sustainable technologies for a climate-neutral society, such as rare earths in permanent magnets and cobalt, nickel, and manganese in the cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries. The separation and purification of metals by conventional solvent extraction (SX) systems, which consist of an organic phase and an aqueous phase, has limitations. By replacing the aqueous phase with other polar solvents, either polar molecular organic solvents or ionic solvents, nonaqueous solvent extraction (NASX) largely expands the scope of SX, since differences in solvation of metal ions lead to different distribution behaviors. This Review emphasizes enhanced metal extraction and remarkable metal separations observed in NASX systems and discusses the effects of polar solvents on the extraction mechanisms according to the type of polar solvents and the type of extractants. Furthermore, the considerable effects of the addition of water and complexing agents on metal separations in terms of metal ion solvation and speciation are highlighted. Efforts to integrate NASX into metallurgical flowsheets and to develop closed-loop solvometallurgical processes are also discussed. This Review aims to construct a framework of NASX on which many more studies on this topic, both fundamental and applied, can be built.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Koen Binnemans
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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8
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Development of heterogeneous equilibrium model for lithium solvent extraction using organophosphinic acid. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Zhi H, Feng L, Ni S, Cui J, Sun X. The transformation and enrichment of rare earth sulfate in Bayan Obo ore water leaching solution by dibenzyl phosphate based extraction-precipitation method. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gafurov ZN, Kagilev AA, Kantyukov AO, Sinyashin OG, Yakhvarov DG. The role of organonickel reagents in organophosphorus chemistry. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Batchu NK, Li Z, Verbelen B, Binnemans K. Structural effects of neutral organophosphorus extractants on solvent extraction of rare-earth elements from aqueous and non-aqueous nitrate solutions. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Chowdhury AU, Lin L, Doughty B. Hydrogen-Bond-Driven Chemical Separations: Elucidating the Interfacial Steps of Self-Assembly in Solvent Extraction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32119-32130. [PMID: 32551500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical separations, particularly liquid extractions, are pervasive in academic and industrial laboratories, yet a mechanistic understanding of the events governing their function are obscured by interfacial phenomena that are notoriously difficult to measure. In this work, we investigate the fundamental steps of ligand self-assembly as driven by changes in the interfacial H-bonding network using vibrational sum frequency generation. Our results show how the bulk pH modulates the interfacial structure of extractants at the buried oil/aqueous interface via the formation of unique H-bonding networks that order and bridge ligands to produce self-assembled aggregates. These extended H-bonded structures are key to the subsequent extraction of Co2+ from the aqueous phase in promoting micelle formation and subsequent ejection of the said micelle into the oil phase. The combination of static and time-resolved measurements reveals the events underlying complexities of liquid extractions at high [Co2+]:[ligand] ratios by showing an evolution of interfacially assembled structures that are readily tuned on a chemical basis by altering the compositions of the aqueous phase. The results of this work point to new principles to design-applied separations through the manipulation of surface charge, electrostatic screening, and the associated H-bonding networks that arise at the interface to facilitate organization and subsequent extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhad U Chowdhury
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Lu Lin
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Benjamin Doughty
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Effect of the Addition of Amine in Organophosphorus Compounds on Molecular Structuration of Ionic Liquids-Application to Solvent Extraction. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112584. [PMID: 32498438 PMCID: PMC7321368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation of dynamic viscosity, density and enthalpy as a function of mole fraction of amine (tri-n-octylamine, triisooctylamine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine) in bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) or Cyanex 272, (bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid) has been determined at 25 °C. Valuable information regarding structuration and destabilization of the corresponding ionic liquids has been deduced from these data. A simple model describing the variation of dynamic viscosity as a function of mole fraction of amine has been used to determine the speciation in these mixtures. Extraction tests of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) by D2EHPA-amine mixtures have shown the highest cobalt(II)-nickel(II) selectivity has been achieved with D2EHPA-2-ethylhexylamine mixture as cobalt(II) extraction efficiency of 77% was obtained, while no significant nickel(II) extraction was observed at a chloride concentration of 3 mol·L-1.
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Chagnes A. Simulation of Solvent Extraction Flowsheets by a Global Model Combining Physicochemical and Engineering Approaches—Application to Cobalt(II) Extraction by D2EHPA. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2019.1691135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Gao LK, Rao B, Dai HX, Hong Z, Xie HY. Separation and Extraction of Scandium and Titanium from a Refractory Anatase Lixivium by Solvent Extraction with D2EHPA and Primary Amine N1923. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.18we347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Gao
- Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Bing Rao
- Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Hui-Xin Dai
- Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | | | - Hai-Yun Xie
- Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Van Roosendael S, Onghena B, Roosen J, Michielsen B, Wyns K, Mullens S, Binnemans K. Recovery of cobalt from dilute aqueous solutions using activated carbon–alginate composite spheres impregnated with Cyanex 272. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18734-18746. [PMID: 35516852 PMCID: PMC9064873 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02344e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Waste water was purified from cobalt(ii) and manganese(ii) by adsorption and desorption on shaped and impregnated activated carbon spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bieke Onghena
- KU Leuven
- Department of Chemistry
- Belgium
- SIM vzw
- Belgium
| | - Joris Roosen
- KU Leuven
- Department of Chemistry
- Belgium
- SIM vzw
- Belgium
| | - Bart Michielsen
- SIM vzw
- Belgium
- VITO
- Unit Sustainable Materials Management
- Belgium
| | - Kenny Wyns
- VITO
- Unit Sustainable Materials Management
- Belgium
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Das S, Behera S, Murmu B, Mohapatra R, Mandal D, Samantray R, Parhi P, Senanayake G. Extraction of scandium(III) from acidic solutions using organo-phosphoric acid reagents: A comparative study. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Investigation of aggregation and acid dissociation of new cationic exchangers for liquid-liquid extraction. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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