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Sánchez Vergara ME, Jimenez Correa O, Ballinas-Indilí R, Cosme I, Álvarez Bada JR, Álvarez-Toledano C. Innovative Application of Salophen Derivatives in Organic Electronics as a Composite Film with a Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) Matrix. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2622. [PMID: 39339086 PMCID: PMC11435523 DOI: 10.3390/polym16182622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present the innovative synthesis of salophen (acetaminosalol) derivatives in a solvent-free environment by high-speed ball milling, using a non-conventional activation method, which allowed obtaining compounds in a shorter time and with a better yield. Furthermore, for the first time, the salophen derivatives were deposited as composite films, using a matrix of poly 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene:polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) polymer. Significant findings include the transformation from the benzoid to the quinoid form of PEDOT post-IPA treatment, as evidenced by Raman spectroscopy. SEM analysis revealed the formation of homogeneous films, and AFM provided insights into the changes in surface roughness and morphology post-IPA treatment, which may be crucial for understanding potential applications in electronics. The optical bandgap ranges between 2.86 and 3.2 eV for PEDOT:PSS-salophen films, placing them as organic semiconductors. The electrical behavior of the PEDOT:PSS-salophen films undergoes a transformation with the increase in voltage, from ohmic to space charge-limited conduction, and subsequently to constant current, with a maximum of 20 mA. These results suggest the possible use of composite films in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Sánchez Vergara
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Anáhuac México, Av. Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, State of Mexico, Mexico; (O.J.C.); (J.R.Á.B.)
| | - Omar Jimenez Correa
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Anáhuac México, Av. Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, State of Mexico, Mexico; (O.J.C.); (J.R.Á.B.)
| | - Ricardo Ballinas-Indilí
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Campo 1, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Avenida 1o de Mayo s/n, Colonia Santa María las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, State of Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Ismael Cosme
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro #1, Tonantzintla 72840, Puebla, Mexico;
| | - José Ramón Álvarez Bada
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Anáhuac México, Av. Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, State of Mexico, Mexico; (O.J.C.); (J.R.Á.B.)
| | - Cecilio Álvarez-Toledano
- Chemistry Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
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Li W, Li Y, Song Z, Wang YX, Hu W. PEDOT-based stretchable optoelectronic materials and devices for bioelectronic interfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39254255 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00541d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
The rapid development of wearable and implantable electronics has enabled the real-time transmission of electrophysiological signals in situ, thus allowing the precise monitoring and regulation of biological functions. Devices based on organic materials tend to have low moduli and intrinsic stretchability, making them ideal choices for the construction of seamless bioelectronic interfaces. In this case, as an organic ionic-electronic conductor, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has low impedance to offer a high signal-to-noise ratio for monitoring bioelectrical signals, which has become one of the most promising conductive polymers. However, the initial conductivity and stretchability of pristine PEDOT:PSS are insufficient to meet the application requirements, and there is a trade-off between their improvement. In addition, PEDOT:PSS has poor stability in aqueous environments due to the hygroscopicity of the PSS chains, which severely limits its long-term applications in water-rich bioelectronic interfaces. Considering the growing demands of multi-function integration, the high-resolution fabrication of electronic devices is urgent. It is a great challenge to maintain both electrical and mechanical performance after miniaturization, particularly at feature sizes below 100 μm. In this review, we focus on the combined improvement in the conductivity and stretchability of PEDOT:PSS, as well as the corresponding mechanisms in detail. Also, we summarize the effective strategies to improve the stability of PEDOT:PSS in aqueous environments, which plays a vital role in long-term applications. Finally, we introduce the reliable micropatterning technologies and PEDOT:PSS-based stretchable optoelectronic devices applied at bio-interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ziyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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Repon MR, Mikučionienė D, Paul TK, Al-Humaidi JY, Rahman MM, Islam T, Shukhratov S. Architectural design and affecting factors of MXene-based textronics for real-world application. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16093-16116. [PMID: 38769956 PMCID: PMC11103351 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01820f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, textile-based wearable electronic devices (textronics) have been developed by taking advantage of nanotechnology and textile substrates. Textile substrates offer flexibility, air permeability, breathability, and wearability, whereas, using nanomaterials offers numerous functional properties, like electrical conductivity, hydrophobicity, touch sensitivity, self-healing properties, joule heating properties, and many more. For these reasons, textronics have been extensively used in many applications. Recently, new emerging two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbide and nitride, known as MXene, nanomaterials have been highly considered for developing textronics because the surface functional groups and hydrophilicity of MXene nanoflakes allow the facile fabrication of MXene-based textronics. In addition, MXene nanosheets possess excellent electroconductivity and mechanical properties as well as large surface area, which also give numerous opportunities to develop novel functional MXene/textile-based wearable electronic devices. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent advancements in the architectural design of MXene-based textronics, like fiber, yarn, and fabric. Regarding the fabrication of MXene/textile composites, numerous factors affect the functional properties (e.g. fabric structure, MXene size, etc.). All the crucial affecting parameters, which should be chosen carefully during the fabrication process, are critically discussed here. Next, the recent applications of MXene-based textronics in supercapacitors, thermotherapy, and sensors are elaborately delineated. Finally, the existing challenges and future scopes associated with the development of MXene-based textronics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reazuddin Repon
- Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil International University Dhaka-1216 Bangladesh +88-37066227098
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology Studentų 56, LT-51424 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Daiva Mikučionienė
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology Studentų 56, LT-51424 Kaunas Lithuania
| | | | - Jehan Y Al-Humaidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarekul Islam
- ZR Research Institute for Advanced Materials Sherpur-2100 Bangladesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharof Shukhratov
- Department of Technological Education, Fergana State University Fergana 150100 Uzbekistan
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Zhang J, Jin F, Peng R, Ge J, Guo Y, Qiu Y, Zhou R, Ge Z. High Efficiency over 18.6% of Organic Solar Cells Enabled by PEDOT:PSS/Br-2PACz Dual-Anode Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9117-9125. [PMID: 38330209 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) with high performance were prepared using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and [2-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (Br-2PACz) double-layer films as the anode interface. By spin-coating a layer of Br-2PACz on PEDOT:PSS to form a PEDOT:PSS/Br-2PACz dual-anode interface, both the Jsc and FF of the device can be increased simultaneously, resulting in a high Jsc of 27.84 mA cm-2 and a high FF of 78.18%. The promising result indicates that the PEDOT:PSS/Br-2PACz dual-anode interface is an effective way to improve the performance of OSCs. The improvement of device performance is mainly attributed to (1) improved interface conductivity; (2) increased hole mobility and more balanced carrier transport efficiency; and (3) optimized morphology, which well explains the increase of Jsc and FF of the device. In addition, the OSC based on the PEDOT:PSS/Br-2PACz dual-anode interface exhibits exceptional stability, as it can maintain 94.7% of its initial efficiency even after 500 h of storage in a nitrogen environment. This work provides a promising strategy for improving the efficiency and stability of OSCs by dual-anode interface modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fei Jin
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuntong Guo
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Islam MR, Afroj S, Yin J, Novoselov KS, Chen J, Karim N. Advances in Printed Electronic Textiles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304140. [PMID: 38009793 PMCID: PMC10853734 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Electronic textiles (e-textiles) have emerged as a revolutionary solution for personalized healthcare, enabling the continuous collection and communication of diverse physiological parameters when seamlessly integrated with the human body. Among various methods employed to create wearable e-textiles, printing offers unparalleled flexibility and comfort, seamlessly integrating wearables into garments. This has spurred growing research interest in printed e-textiles, due to their vast design versatility, material options, fabrication techniques, and wide-ranging applications. Here, a comprehensive overview of the crucial considerations in fabricating printed e-textiles is provided, encompassing the selection of conductive materials and substrates, as well as the essential pre- and post-treatments involved. Furthermore, the diverse printing techniques and the specific requirements are discussed, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each method. Additionally, the multitude of wearable applications made possible by printed e-textiles is explored, such as their integration as various sensors, supercapacitors, and heated garments. Finally, a forward-looking perspective is provided, discussing future prospects and emerging trends in the realm of printed wearable e-textiles. As advancements in materials science, printing technologies, and design innovation continue to unfold, the transformative potential of printed e-textiles in healthcare and beyond is poised to revolutionize the way wearable technology interacts and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedul Islam
- Centre for Print Research (CFPR)University of the West of EnglandFrenchay CampusBristolBS16 1QYUK
| | - Shaila Afroj
- Centre for Print Research (CFPR)University of the West of EnglandFrenchay CampusBristolBS16 1QYUK
| | - Junyi Yin
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent MaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Nazmul Karim
- Centre for Print Research (CFPR)University of the West of EnglandFrenchay CampusBristolBS16 1QYUK
- Nottingham School of Art and DesignNottingham Trent UniversityShakespeare StreetNottinghamNG1 4GGUK
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Rubežienė V, Varnaitė-Žuravliova S, Sankauskaitė A, Pupeikė J, Ragulis P, Abraitienė A. The Impact of Structural Variations and Coating Techniques on the Microwave Properties of Woven Fabrics Coated with PEDOT:PSS Composition. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4224. [PMID: 37959904 PMCID: PMC10649923 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimizing the impact of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) holds paramount importance in safeguarding individuals who frequently utilize electrical and electronic devices. Electrically conductive textiles, which possess specialized EMR shielding features, present a promising solution to mitigate the risks related to EMR. Furthermore, these textile-based shielding materials could find application as radar-absorbing materials in stealth technology, emphasizing the need for substantial absorption capabilities in shielding mechanisms. In this study, various textile-based materials with an electrically conductive coating that contain the conjugated polymer system poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared and investigated. The influence of the textile substrate structural parameters, coating deposit, and coating method on their microwave properties-transmission, reflection, and absorption-was investigated. Reflection and transmission measurements were conducted within a frequency range of 2 to 18 GHz. These measurements revealed that, for the tested samples, the shielding properties are determined by the combined effect of reflection and absorption. However, the role of these two parameters varies across the tested frequency range. It was defined that for fabrics coated on one side, better reflection reduction is obtained when the shielding effectiveness (SE) is below |20| dB. It was found that by controlling the coating deposition on the fabric, it is possible to fine-tune the electrical properties to a certain extent, thereby influencing the microwave properties of the coated fabrics. The studies of prepared samples have shown that reflection and transmission parameters depend not only on the type and quantity of conductive paste applied to the fabric but also on the fabric's construction parameters and the coating technique used. It was found that the denser the substrate used for coating, the more conductive paste solidifies on the surface, forming a thicker coat on the top. For conductive fabrics with the same substrate to achieve a particular SE value using the knife-over-roll coating technology, the required coating deposit amount is considerably lower as compared with the deposit necessary in the case of screen printing: for the knife-over-roll-coated sample to reach SE 15 dB, the required deposit is approximately 14 g/m2; meanwhile, for a sample coated via screen printing, this amount rises to 23 g/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalija Rubežienė
- Department of Textile Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, 48485 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.R.); (A.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Sandra Varnaitė-Žuravliova
- Department of Textile Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, 48485 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.R.); (A.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Audronė Sankauskaitė
- Department of Textile Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, 48485 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.R.); (A.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Julija Pupeikė
- Department of Textile Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, 48485 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.R.); (A.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Paulius Ragulis
- Physical Technology Department, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Aušra Abraitienė
- Department of Textile Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, 48485 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.R.); (A.S.); (J.P.)
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Liu J, Ye T, Yu D, Liu SF, Yang D. Recoverable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells for Next-Generation Portable Power Sources. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307225. [PMID: 37345965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) with excellent recoverability show a wide range of potential applications in portable power sources. The recoverability of FPSCs requires outstanding bendability of each functional layer, including the flexible substrates, electrodes, perovskite light absorbers, and charge transport materials. This review highlights the recent progress and practical applications of high-recoverability FPSCs, and illustrates the routes toward improvement of the recoverability and environmental stability through the choice of flexible substrates and the preparation of high-quality perovskite films, as well as the optimization of charge-selective contacts. In addition, we explore the intrinsic properties of each functional layer from the physical perspective and analyze how to select suitable functional layers. Additionally, some effective strategies are summarized, including material modification engineering of selective contacts, additives and interface engineering of interlayers, which can release mechanical stress and increase the power-conversion efficiency (PCE) and recoverability of the FPSCs. The challenges of making high-performance FPSCs with long-term stability and high recoverability are discussed. Finally, future applications and perspectives for FPSCs are discussed, aiming to promote more extensive commercialization processes for lightweight and durable FPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Dongqu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Technology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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Teo MY, Lim K, Aw KC, Kee S, Stringer J. Towards biodegradable conducting polymers by incorporating seaweed cellulose for decomposable wearable heaters. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26267-26274. [PMID: 37670998 PMCID: PMC10475983 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04927b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermotherapy shows significant potential for pain relief and enhanced blood circulation in wildlife rehabilitation, particularly for injured animals. However, the widespread adoption of this technology is hindered by the lack of biodegradable, wearable heating pads and concerns surrounding electronic waste (E-waste) in natural habitats. This study addresses this challenge by investigating an environmentally-friendly composite comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), seaweed cellulose, and glycerol. Notably, this composite exhibits remarkable biodegradability, losing half of its weight within one week and displaying noticeable edge degradation by the third week when placed in soil. Moreover, it demonstrates impressive heating performance, reaching a temperature of 51 °C at a low voltage of 1.5 V, highlighting its strong potential for thermotherapy applications. The combination of substantial biodegradability and efficient heating performance offers a promising solution for sustainable electronic applications in wildlife rehabilitation and forest monitoring, effectively addressing the environmental challenges associated with E-waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ying Teo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland Symonds Street Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Keemi Lim
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland Symonds Street Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Kean C Aw
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland Symonds Street Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Seyoung Kee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University Busan 48513 Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan Stringer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland Symonds Street Auckland 1010 New Zealand
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Sánchez Vergara ME, Agraz Rentería MJ, Vázquez-Olmos AR, Rincón-Granados KL, Álvarez Bada JR, Sato-Berrú RY. Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid Films Based on NiFe 2O 4 Nanoparticles in a Polymeric Matrix for Applications in Organic Electronics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091525. [PMID: 37177070 PMCID: PMC10180306 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid films for applications in organic electronics from NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) in poly(3,4 ethylene dioxythiophene), poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were fabricated by the spin-coating technique. The films were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy to subsequently determine their optical parameters. The electronic transport of the hybrid films was determined in bulk heterojunction devices. The presence of NiFe2O4 NPs reinforces mechanical properties and increases transmittance in the hybrid films; the PEDOT:PSS-NiFe2O4 NPs film is the one that has a maximum stress of 28 MPa and a Knoop hardness of 0.103, while the PMMA-NiFe2O4 NPs film has the highest transmittance of (87%). The Tauc band gap is in the range of 3.78-3.9 eV, and the Urbach energy is in the range of 0.24-0.33 eV. Regarding electrical behavior, the main effect is exerted by the matrix, although the current carried is of the same order of magnitude for the two devices: glass/ITO/polymer-NiFe2O4 NPs/Ag. NiFe2O4 NPs enhance the mechanical, optical, and electrical behavior of the hybrid films and can be used as semi-transparent anodes and as active layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Sánchez Vergara
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María José Agraz Rentería
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - América R Vázquez-Olmos
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, C.U., Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karen L Rincón-Granados
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, C.U., Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Ramón Álvarez Bada
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Y Sato-Berrú
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, C.U., Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Chen XZ, Luo Q, Ma CQ. Inkjet-Printed Organic Solar Cells and Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress, Challenges, and Prospect. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Yu X, Qiu J, Hu Q, Chen K, Zheng J, Liang S, Du M, Ye H. Tunable Berreman mode in highly conductive organic thin films. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:43590-43600. [PMID: 36523054 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The unique performances of Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials allow them to play a crucial role in many optoelectronic devices and have spawned a wide range of inventive uses. In this paper, we found that the modified PEDOT:PSS film formed with a kind of so-called "Metastable liquid-liquid Contact (MLLC)" solution treatment method can achieve a wide tuning of ENZ wavelength from 1270 nm to 1550 nm in the near-infrared region. We further analyzed the variation trend of imaginary permittivity for these samples with different ENZ wavelengths. The Berreman mode was successfully excited by a simple structural design to realize a tunable polarization absorber.
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12
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Liu K, Du H, Liu W, Zhang M, Wang Y, Liu H, Zhang X, Xu T, Si C. Strong, flexible, and highly conductive cellulose nanofibril/PEDOT:PSS/MXene nanocomposite films for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14902-14912. [PMID: 36047909 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00468b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and light weight electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with high electromagnetic shielding efficiency (SE) and excellent mechanical strength are highly demanded for wearable and portable electronics. In this work, for the first time, a freestanding and flexible cellulose nanofibril (CNF)/PEDOT:PSS/MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanocomposite film with a ternary heterostructure was manufactured using a vacuum-assisted filtration process. The results show that compared with pure MXene films, the tensile strength of the optimized nanocomposite film increases from 8.88 MPa to 59.99 MPa, and the corresponding fracture strain increases from 0.87% to 4.60%. Intriguingly, the optimized nanocomposite film exhibited an impressive conductivity of 1903.2 S cm-1, which is among the highest values reported for MXene and cellulose-based nanocomposites. Owing to the superior conductivity and unique heterostructure, the nanocomposite film exhibits a high EMI SE value of 76.99 dB at a thickness of only 58.0 μm. Taking into account the robust mechanical properties and remarkable EMI shielding performance, the CNF/PEDOT:PSS/MXene nanocomposite film could be a prospective EMI shielding material for a variety of high-end applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Haishun Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL-36849, USA.
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Huayu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL-36849, USA.
| | - Ting Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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13
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Alhashmi Alamer F, Althagafy K, Alsalmi O, Aldeih A, Alotaiby H, Althebaiti M, Alghamdi H, Alotibi N, Saeedi A, Zabarmawi Y, Hawsawi M, Alnefaie MA. Review on PEDOT:PSS-Based Conductive Fabric. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35371-35386. [PMID: 36249401 PMCID: PMC9557891 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews conductive fabrics made with the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), their fabrication techniques, and their applications. PEDOT:PSS has attracted interest in smart textile technology due to its relatively high electrical conductivity, water dispersibility, ease of manufacturing, environmental stability, and commercial availability. Several methods apply PEDOT:PSS to textiles. They include polymerization of the monomer, coating, dyeing, and printing methods. In addition, several studies have shown the conductivity of fabrics with the addition of PEDOT:PSS. The electrical properties of conductive textiles with a certain sheet resistance can be reduced by several orders of magnitude using PEDOT:PSS and polar solvents as secondary dopants. In addition, several studies have shown that the flexibility and durability of textiles coated with PEDOT:PSS can be improved by creating a composite with other polymers, such as polyurethane, which has high flexibility and extensibility. This improvement is due to the stronger bonding of PEDOT:PSS to the fabrics. Sensors, actuators, antennas, interconnectors, energy harvesting, and storage devices have been developed with PEDOT:PSS-based conductive fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alhashmi Alamer
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Althagafy
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alsalmi
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asal Aldeih
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hissah Alotaiby
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Althebaiti
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Alghamdi
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa Alotibi
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Saeedi
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusra Zabarmawi
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hawsawi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied
Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Modhi A. Alnefaie
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Physics, College of Sciences and Arts, Shaqra University, Sajiir, Riyadh 17649, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid Hole Transporting Layers of Organotin (IV) Semiconductors within Molybdenum Oxide/Poly(3,4-ethylenedyoxithiophene) Polystyrene Sulfonate Matrices. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194143. [PMID: 36236091 PMCID: PMC9572327 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The hybrid film of molybdenum oxide (MoO3) and poly(3,4-ethylenedyoxithiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a promising candidate for use as hole transport layer (HTL) in low-cost devices. A fast, controllable and economic process was used to fabricate high-performance HTLs by adding organotin (IV) semiconductors to the MoO3/PEDOT:PSS films. These hybrid films were fabricated by spin-coating and the MoO3/PEDOT:PSS-organotin (IV) complex films were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Some mechanical and optical properties of the hybrid films were obtained and, to electrically characterize the hybrid films, hetero-junction glass/ITO/MoO3/PEDOT:PSS-organotin (IV) complex/Ag devices were prepared. Regarding the mechanical properties, the films have high plastic deformation, with a maximum stress of around 40 MPa and a Knoop hardness of 0.14. With respect to optical behavior, the films showed high transparency, with optical gap values between 2.8 and 3.5 eV and an onset gap of around 2.4 eV, typical of semiconductors. Additionally, the films in their respective devices show ambipolar and ohmic behavior with small differences depending on the substituent in organotin (IV) semiconductors. The MoO3/PEDOT:PSS matrix defines the mechanical behavior of the films and the tin complexes contribute their optoelectronic properties.
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15
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Li G, Liu Y, Zhou H. Layered graphite foil/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrode-enabled flexible electrochemical capacitors with observably boosted performances. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Heredia Rivera U, Kadian S, Nejati S, White J, Sedaghat S, Mutlu Z, Rahimi R. Printed Low-Cost PEDOT:PSS/PVA Polymer Composite for Radiation Sterilization Monitoring. ACS Sens 2022; 7:960-971. [PMID: 35333058 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
During the γ-radiation sterilization process, the levels of radiation exposure to a medical device must be carefully monitored to achieve the required sterilization without causing deleterious effects on its intended physical and chemical properties. To address this issue, here we have demonstrated the development of an all-printed disposable low-cost sensor that exploits the change in electrical impedance of a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as a functional polymer composite for radiation sterilization monitoring applications. Specifically, the PEDOT:PSS acts as the electrically conductive medium, while the PVA provides the ductility and stability of the printed sensors. During irradiation exposure, chain scission and cross-linking events occur concurrently in the PEDOT:PSS and PVA polymer chains, respectively. The concurrent scissoring of the PEDOT polymer and cross-linking of the PVA polymer network leads to the formation of a stable SIPN with reduced electrical conductivity, which was verified through FTIR, Raman, and TGA analysis. Systematic studies of different ratios of PEDOT:PSS and PVA mixtures were tested to identify the optimal ratio that provided the highest radiation sensitivity and stability performance. The results showed that PEDOT:PSS/PVA composites with 10 wt % PVA produced sensors with relative impedance changes of 30% after 25 kGy and up to 370% after 53 kGy (which are two of the most commonly used radiation exposure levels for sterilization applications). This composition showed high electrical impedance stability with less than ±5% change over 18 days after irradiation exposure. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing a printing technology for scalable manufacturing of low-cost, flexible radiation sensors for more effective monitoring of radiation sterilization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulisses Heredia Rivera
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sachin Kadian
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sina Nejati
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Julia White
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sotoudeh Sedaghat
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zeynep Mutlu
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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17
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Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Wang YX, Li D, Coen CT, Hwaun E, Chen G, Wu HC, Zhong D, Niu S, Wang W, Saberi A, Lai JC, Wu Y, Wang Y, Trotsyuk AA, Loh KY, Shih CC, Xu W, Liang K, Zhang K, Bai Y, Gurusankar G, Hu W, Jia W, Cheng Z, Dauskardt RH, Gurtner GC, Tok JBH, Deisseroth K, Soltesz I, Bao Z. Topological supramolecular network enabled high-conductivity, stretchable organic bioelectronics. Science 2022; 375:1411-1417. [PMID: 35324282 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj7564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable bioelectronic devices based on soft and conducting organic materials have been regarded as the ideal interface for seamless and biocompatible integration with the human body. A remaining challenge is to combine high mechanical robustness with good electrical conduction, especially when patterned at small feature sizes. We develop a molecular engineering strategy based on a topological supramolecular network, which allows for the decoupling of competing effects from multiple molecular building blocks to meet complex requirements. We obtained simultaneously high conductivity and crack-onset strain in a physiological environment, with direct photopatternability down to the cellular scale. We further collected stable electromyography signals on soft and malleable octopus and performed localized neuromodulation down to single-nucleus precision for controlling organ-specific activities through the delicate brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhitao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Deling Li
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | | | - Ernie Hwaun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hung-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Donglai Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Simiao Niu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weichen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aref Saberi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jian-Cheng Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Artem A Trotsyuk
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kang Yong Loh
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chien-Chung Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenhui Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kui Liang
- BOE Technology Center, BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Kailiang Zhang
- BOE Technology Center, BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yihong Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Reinhold H Dauskardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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18
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Aguirre-Macías YP, Sánchez-Vergara ME, Monzón-González CR, Cosme I, Corona-Sánchez R, Álvarez-Bada JR, Álvarez-Toledano C. Deposition and post-treatment of promising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate composite films for electronic applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Sánchez-Vergara ME, Hamui L, González-Verdugo D, Cosme I. Efficient Film Fabrication and Characterization of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)-Metalloporphine Nanocomposite and Its Application as Semiconductor Material. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13224008. [PMID: 34833307 PMCID: PMC8622017 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of composite films with semiconductor behavior is an alternative to enhance the efficiency of optoelectronic devices. Composite films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and metalloporphines (MPs; M = Co, Cu, Pd) have been prepared by spin-coating. The PEDOT:PSS-MP films were treated with isopropanol (IPA) vapor to modify the polymer structure from benzoid to quinoid. The quinoid structure promotes improvements in the optical and electrical behavior of films. The composite films’ morphology and structure were characterized using infrared and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Composite films were analyzed for their optical behavior by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy: at λ < 450 nm, the films become transparent, indicating the capacity to be used as transparent electrodes in optoelectronic devices. At λ ≥ 450 nm, the absorbance in the films increased significantly. The CoP showed an 8 times larger current density compared to the CuP. A light induced change in the J-V curves was observed, and it is larger for the CoP. The conductivity values yielded between 1.23 × 102 and 1.92 × 103 Scm−1 and were higher in forward bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Sánchez-Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico; (M.E.S.-V.); (D.G.-V.)
| | - Leon Hamui
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico; (M.E.S.-V.); (D.G.-V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela González-Verdugo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico; (M.E.S.-V.); (D.G.-V.)
| | - Ismael Cosme
- Investigador por México CONACYT-INAOE, National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro #1, Tonantzintla 72840, Puebla, Mexico;
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20
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Repon MR, Mikučionienė D. Progress in Flexible Electronic Textile for Heating Application: A Critical Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6540. [PMID: 34772066 PMCID: PMC8585370 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent textiles are predicted to see a 'surprising' development in the future. The consequence of this revived interest has been the growth of industrial goods and the improvement of innovative methods for the incorporation of electrical features into textiles materials. Conductive textiles comprise conductive fibres, yarns, fabrics, and finished goods produced using them. Present perspectives to manufacture electrically conductive threads containing conductive substrates, metal wires, metallic yarns, and intrinsically conductive polymers. This analysis concentrates on the latest developments of electro-conductivity in the area of smart textiles and heeds especially to materials and their assembling processes. The aim of this work is to illustrate a potential trade-off between versatility, ergonomics, low energy utilization, integration, and heating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Reazuddin Repon
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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21
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Pattanarat K, Petchsang N, Osotchan T, Kim YH, Jaisutti R. Wash-Durable Conductive Yarn with Ethylene Glycol-Treated PEDOT:PSS for Wearable Electric Heaters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:48053-48060. [PMID: 34582172 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, wearable electric heaters with high durability and low-power operation have attracted much attention due to their potential to change traditional approaches for personal heating management and thermal therapy systems. Here, we report textile-based wearable heaters based on highly durable conductive yarns, which were transformed from traditional cotton yarns through a facile dyeing process of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) and ethylene glycol (EG). With the EG post-treatment, the conductive yarns exhibited an electrical conductivity of ∼76 S cm-1 and good stability under repeated cycles of washing and drying. The heating elements made from the conductive yarns showed an excellent distribution of temperature and could be heated up to 150 °C at a sufficiently low driving voltage of 5 V. Also, the heating elements showed stable Joule heating performance under repeated bending stress and 2000 cycles of stretching and releasing. To demonstrate its practical use for on-body heating systems, a lightweight and air-breathable thermal wristband was demonstrated by sewing the conductive yarns onto a fabric with a simple circuit structure. From these results, we believe that our strategy to obtain highly conductive and durable yarns can be utilized in various applications, including medical heat therapy and personal heating management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntima Pattanarat
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Nattasamon Petchsang
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials for Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Osotchan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Rawat Jaisutti
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
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22
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Deposit and Characterization of Semiconductor Films Based on Maleiperinone and Polymeric Matrix of (Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrene Sulfonate). Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of small semiconductor molecules such as the maleiperinone, have gained importance due to their applications in optoelectronics. In this work semiconductor films composed by a polymer matrix of PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate) and maleiperinone were manufactured. The films used in the studies were deposited by vacuum evaporation and spin-coating techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Infrared spectroscopy were used for the analysis of morphological and structural films. The fundamental and the onset of the direct and indirect band gaps were also obtained by UV-vis spectroscopy. The band-model theory and the Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied to determine the optical parameters. The dipole moment is 3.33 Db, and the high polarity gives a signal of the heterogeneous charge distribution along the structure of maleiperinone. Simple devices were made from the films and their electrical behavior was subsequently evaluated. The presence of the polymer decreased the energy barrier between the film and the anode, favoring the transport of charges in the device. Graphene decreased the absorption and its ohmic behavior make it a candidate to be used as a transparent electrode in optoelectronic devices. Finally, the MoO3 provides a behavior similar to a dielectric.
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23
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Deposition and Characterization of Innovative Bulk Heterojunction Films Based on CuBi2O4 Nanoparticles and Poly(3,4 ethylene dioxythiophene):Poly(4-styrene sulfonate) Matrix. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11198904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the deposition and study of the semiconductor behavior of CuBi2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) with an average crystallite size of 24 ± 2 nm embedded in poly(3,4 ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films. The CuBi2O4 NP bandgap was estimated at 1.7 eV, while for the composite film, it was estimated at 2.1 eV, due to PEDOT:PSS and the heterojunction between the polymer and the NPs. The charge transport of the glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS-CuBi2O4 NP/Ag system was studied under light and dark conditions by means of current–voltage (I–V) characteristic curves. In natural-light conditions, the CuBi2O4 NPs presented electric behavior characterized by three different mechanisms: at low voltages, the behavior follows Ohm’s law; when the voltage increases, charge transport occurs by diffusion between the NP–polymer interfaces; and at higher voltages, it occurs due to the current being dominated by the saturation region. Due to their crystalline structure, their low bandgap in films and the feasibility of integrating them as components in composite films with PEDOT:PSS, CuBi2O4 NPs can be used as parts in optoelectronic devices.
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24
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Schara S, Blau R, Church DC, Pokorski JK, Lipomi DJ. Polymer Chemistry for Haptics, Soft Robotics, and Human-Machine Interfaces. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2008375. [PMID: 34924911 PMCID: PMC8673772 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202008375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Progress in the field of soft devices-i.e., haptics, robotics, and human-machine interfaces (HRHMIs)-has its basis in the science of polymeric materials and chemical synthesis. However, in examining the relevant literature, we find that most developments have been enabled by off-the-shelf materials used either alone or as components of physical blends and composites. In this Progress Report, we take the position that a greater awareness of the capabilities of synthetic chemistry will accelerate the capabilities of HRHMIs. Conversely, an awareness of the applications sought by engineers working in this area may spark the development of new molecular designs and synthetic methodologies by chemists. We highlight several applications of active, stimuli-responsive polymers, which have demonstrated or shown potential use in HRHMIs. These materials share the fact that they are products of state-of-the-art synthetic techniques. The Progress Report is thus organized by the chemistry by which the materials were synthesized, including controlled radical polymerization, metal-mediated cross-coupling polymerization, ring-opening polymerization, various strategies for crosslinking, and hybrid approaches. These methods can afford polymers with multiple properties (i.e. conductivity, stimuli-responsiveness, self-healing and degradable abilities, biocompatibility, adhesiveness, and mechanical robustness) that are of great interest to scientists and engineers concerned with soft devices for human interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Schara
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
| | - Rachel Blau
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
| | - Derek C. Church
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
| | - Darren J. Lipomi
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
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Moreira IP, Sanivada UK, Bessa J, Cunha F, Fangueiro R. A Review of Multiple Scale Fibrous and Composite Systems for Heating Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123686. [PMID: 34208738 PMCID: PMC8234445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of heating systems have been developed lately, representing a growing interest in both the academic and industrial sectors. Based on the Joule effect, fibrous structures can produce heat once an electrical current is passed, whereby different approaches have been followed. For that purpose, materials with electrical and thermal conductivity have been explored, such as carbon-based nanomaterials, metallic nanostructures, intrinsically conducting polymers, fibers or hybrids. We review the usage of these emerging nanomaterials at the nanoscale and processed up to the macroscale to create heaters. In addition to fibrous systems, the creation of composite systems for electrical and thermal conductivity enhancement has also been highly studied. Different techniques can be used to create thin film heaters or heating textiles, as opposed to the conventional textile technologies. The combination of nanoscale and microscale materials gives the best heating performances, and some applications have already been proven, even though some effort is still needed to reach the industry level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Pimentel Moreira
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Usha Kiran Sanivada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - João Bessa
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Fernando Cunha
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.C.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (I.P.M.); (R.F.)
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Khoso NA, Jiao X, GuangYu X, Tian S, Wang J. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of graphene based nanocomposite coated self-powered wearable e-textiles for energy harvesting from human body heat. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16675-16687. [PMID: 35479176 PMCID: PMC9032048 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for highly flexible and self-powered wearable textile devices has increased in recent years. Graphene coated textile-based wearable devices have been used for energy harvesting and storage due to their outstanding mechanical, electrical and electronic properties. However, the use of metal based nanocomposites is limited in textiles, due to their poor bending, fixation, and binding on textiles. We present here reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as an n-type and conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as a p-type material for a wearable thermoelectric nanogenerator (TEG) using a (pad-dry-cure) technique. We developed a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coated textile-based wearable TEG for energy harvesting from low-grade human body heat. The conductive polymer (PEDOT:PSS) and (rGO) nanocomposite were coated using a layer by layer approach. The resultant fabric showed higher weight pickup of 60-80%. The developed textile based TEG device showed an enhanced Seebeck coefficient of (25-150 μV K-1), and a power factor of (2.5-60 μW m-1 K-1). The developed TE device showed a higher potential to convert the low-grade body heat into electrical energy, between the human body temperature of (36.5 °C) and an external environment of (20.0 ± 5 °C) with a temperature difference of (2.5-16.5 °C). The wearable textile-based TEG is capable of producing an open circuit output voltage of 12.5-119.5 mV at an ambient fixed temperature of (20 °C). The rGO coated textile fabric also showed reduced electrical sheet resistance by increasing the number of dyeing cycles (10) and increased with the number of (20) washing cycles. The developed reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coated electrodes showed a sheet resistance of 185-45 kΩ and (15 kΩ) for PEDOT:PSS-rGO nanocomposites respectively. Furthermore, the mechanical performance of the as coated textile fabric was enhanced from (20-80 mPa) with increasing number of padding cycles. The thermoelectric performance was significantly improved, without influencing the breath-ability and comfort properties of the resultant fabric. This study presents a promising approach for the fabrication of PEDOT:PSS/rGO nano-hybrids for textile-based wearable thermoelectric generators (TEGs) for energy harvesting from low-grade body heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazakat Ali Khoso
- College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang PR China
| | - Xie Jiao
- College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang PR China
| | - Xu GuangYu
- College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang PR China
| | - Sun Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy Sciences (CAS) Shanghai PR China
| | - JiaJun Wang
- School of Art and Design, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang PR China
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Sánchez-Vergara ME, Hamui L, Gómez E, Chans GM, Galván-Hidalgo JM. Design of Promising Heptacoordinated Organotin (IV) Complexes-PEDOT: PSS-Based Composite for New-Generation Optoelectronic Devices Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1023. [PMID: 33806246 PMCID: PMC8038072 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of four mononuclear heptacoordinated organotin (IV) complexes of mixed ligands derived from tridentated Schiff bases and pyrazinecarboxylic acid is reported. This organotin (IV) complexes were prepared by using a multicomponent reaction, the reaction proceeds in moderate to good yields (64% to 82%). The complexes were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, 1H, 13C, and 119Sn nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analysis. The spectroscopic analysis revealed that the tin atom is seven-coordinate in solution and that the carboxyl group acts as monodentate ligand. To determine the effect of the substituent on the optoelectronic properties of the organotin (IV) complexes, thin films were deposited, and the optical bandgap was obtained. A bandgap between 1.88 and 1.98 eV for the pellets and between 1.23 and 1.40 eV for the thin films was obtained. Later, different types of optoelectronic devices with architecture "contacts up/base down" were manufactured and analyzed to compare their electrical behavior. The design was intended to generate a composite based on the synthetized heptacoordinated organotin (IV) complexes embedded on the poly(3,4-ethylenedyoxithiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). A Schottky curve at low voltages (<1.5 mV) and a current density variation of as much as ~3 × 10-5 A/cm2 at ~1.1 mV was observed. A generated photocurrent was of approximately 10-7 A and a photoconductivity between 4 × 10-9 and 7 × 10-9 S/cm for all the manufactured structures. The structural modifications on organotin (IV) complexes were focused on the electronic nature of the substituents and their ability to contribute to the electronic delocalization via the π system. The presence of the methyl group, a modest electron donor, or the non-substitution on the aromatic ring, has a reduced effect on the electronic properties of the molecule. However, a strong effect in the electronic properties of the material can be inferred from the presence of electron-withdrawing substituents like chlorine, able to reduce the gap energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Sánchez-Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Leon Hamui
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Gómez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Alcaldia Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (G.M.C.); (J.M.G.-H.)
| | - Guillermo M. Chans
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Alcaldia Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (G.M.C.); (J.M.G.-H.)
| | - José Miguel Galván-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Alcaldia Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (G.M.C.); (J.M.G.-H.)
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Anbalagan AK, Gupta S, Chaudhary M, Kumar RR, Chueh YL, Tai NH, Lee CH. Consequences of gamma-ray irradiation on structural and electronic properties of PEDOT:PSS polymer in air and vacuum environments. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20752-20759. [PMID: 35479356 PMCID: PMC9034154 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03463d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the effects of gamma-ray irradiation (up to 3 kGy) on the structural and electronic properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), irradiated in air and vacuum environments are systematically investigated. Raman spectroscopy indicates that there is no significant change in structural conformation of PEDOT:PSS film after gamma-ray irradiation. However, the conductivity of the film decreases as a function of dose in both air and vacuum environments, which can be deduced as a result of defects created in the structure. Hall effect measurements showed higher carrier concentration when the samples are irradiated under vacuum in comparison to the air environment, whereas mobility decreases as a function of dose irrespective of the environment. Furthermore, the electron spin resonance spectra provided evidence of the evolution of polaron population after gamma-ray exposure of 3 kGy, due to the decrease in charge delocalization and molecular ordering of the molecules. This decrease in conductivity and mobility of the PEDOT:PSS films irradiated in air and vacuum environments can be mainly ascribed to the defects and radical formation after gamma-ray exposure, favoring chain scission or cross-linking of the polymers. Effects of gamma-ray irradiation (up to 3 kGy) on the structural and electronic properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), irradiated in air and vacuum environments are systematically investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin kumar Anbalagan
- Department of Engineering and System Science
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Shivam Gupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Mayur Chaudhary
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Rishi Ranjan Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Nyan-Hwa Tai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Engineering and System Science
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science
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Hamui L, Sánchez-Vergara ME, Corona-Sánchez R, Jiménez-Sandoval O, Álvarez-Toledano C. Innovative Incorporation of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) as Hole Carrier Transport Layer and as Anode for Organic Solar Cells Performance Improvement. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2808. [PMID: 33260898 PMCID: PMC7760372 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present a comparative study of benzoid poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as electrode and as hole carrier transport layer (HTL) in the manufacture of organic photovoltaic devices using Fischer metal-carbene complexes. The performance of the different devices was evaluated for solar cell applications. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the thin films that integrated the devices. A more ordered and crystallized active film microstructure is observed when using benzoid PEDOT:PSS as nucleation layer. The optical gap for both direct and indirect electronic transitions was evaluated from ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy data (UV-vis), as well as the absorption coefficient (α), and the values are in the range of 2.10-2.93 eV. Photovoltaic devices with conventional architecture, using two different chromium carbenes as active layers, were manufactured, and their electrical behavior was studied. The devices were irradiated with different wavelengths between the infrared and ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Using the PEDOT:PSS film as hole carrier transport layer (HTL) decreases the slope on the ohmic and space charge limited current (SCLC) regions and eliminates the trap-charge limited current (T-CLC) mechanism. Furthermore, a saturation current of ~1.95 × 10-10 A and higher current values ~1.75 × 10-2 A at 4 V, ~4 orders in magnitude larger were observed. The PEDOT:PSS films as HTL in the devices reduced the injection barrier, thus showing a better performance than as anodes in this type of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Hamui
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Maria Elena Sánchez-Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Ricardo Corona-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico;
| | - Omar Jiménez-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Querétaro, Libramiento Norponiente 2000, Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Cecilio Álvarez-Toledano
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
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Fang Y, Meng L, Prominski A, Schaumann E, Seebald M, Tian B. Recent advances in bioelectronics chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7978-8035. [PMID: 32672777 PMCID: PMC7674226 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research in bioelectronics is highly interdisciplinary, with many new developments being based on techniques from across the physical and life sciences. Advances in our understanding of the fundamental chemistry underlying the materials used in bioelectronic applications have been a crucial component of many recent discoveries. In this review, we highlight ways in which a chemistry-oriented perspective may facilitate novel and deep insights into both the fundamental scientific understanding and the design of materials, which can in turn tune the functionality and biocompatibility of bioelectronic devices. We provide an in-depth examination of several developments in the field, organized by the chemical properties of the materials. We conclude by surveying how some of the latest major topics of chemical research may be further integrated with bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Fang
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lingyuan Meng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Erik Schaumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Matthew Seebald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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31
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Root W, Bechtold T, Pham T. Textile-Integrated Thermocouples for Temperature Measurement. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030626. [PMID: 32023832 PMCID: PMC7040602 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The integration of conductive materials in textiles is key for detecting temperature in the wearer´s environment. When integrating sensors into textiles, properties such as their flexibility, handle, and stretch must stay unaffected by the functionalization. Conductive materials are difficult to integrate into textiles, since wires are stiff, and coatings show low adhesion. This work shows that various substrates such as cotton, cellulose, polymeric, carbon, and optical fiber-based textiles are used as support materials for temperature sensors. Suitable measurement principles for use in textiles are based on resistance changes, optical interferences (fiber Bragg grating), or thermoelectric effects. This review deals with developments in the construction of temperature sensors and the production of thermocouples for use in textiles. The operating principle of thermocouples is based on temperature gradients building up between a heated and a cold junction of two conductors, which is converted to a voltage output signal. This work also summarizes integration methods for thermocouples and other temperature-sensing techniques as well as the manufacture of conductive materials in textiles. In addition, textile thermocouples are emphasized as suitable and indispensable elements in sensor concepts for smart textiles.
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32
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Bontapalle S, Varughese S. Understanding the mechanism of ageing and a method to improve the ageing resistance of conducting PEDOT:PSS films. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Ahn J, Gu J, Hwang B, Kang H, Hwang S, Jeon S, Jeong J, Park I. Printed fabric heater based on Ag nanowire/carbon nanotube composites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:455707. [PMID: 31349233 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab35eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for smart fabrics has inspired extensive research in the field of nanomaterial-based wearable heaters. However, existing stretchable heaters employ polymer substrates, and hence require additional substrate-fabric bonding that can result in high thermal contact resistance. Moreover, currently used stretchable fabric heaters suffer from high sheet resistance and require complex fabrication processes. In addition, conventional fabrication methods do not allow for patternability, thus hindering the fabrication of wearable heaters with diverse designs. Herein, we propose an improved spray coating method well suited for the preparation of patternable heaters on commercial fabrics, combining the structural stability of carbon nanotubes with the high electrical conductivity of Ag nanowires to fabricate a stretchable fabric heater with excellent mechanical (stretchability ≈ 50%) and electrical (sheet resistance ≈ 22 Ω sq-1) properties. The fabricated wearable heater reaches typical operating temperatures of 35 °C-55 °C at a low driving voltage of 3-5 V with a proper surface power density of 26.6-72.2 [Formula: see text] (heater area: [Formula: see text]) and maintains a stable heating temperature for more than 30 h. This heater shows a stable performance even when folded or rolled, thus being well suited for the practical wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseong Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
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34
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Piezoresistive Characteristics of Nylon Thread Resistive Memories for Wearable Strain Sensors. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A nylon thread (NT) resistive memory is fabricated by performing a simple dip-and-dry solution process using graphene–poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) conductive ink. The piezoresistive characteristics of the NT resistive memory are further evaluated for wearable strain sensors. While a stretching strain (ε) is applied to the NT resistive memory, the relative resistance change of low-resistance state (LRS) is found to be higher than that of high-resistance state (HRS). This result implies that the contribution of the local overlapping interconnection change in graphene and PEDOT:PSS materials to the LRS resistance change is greater than that to the HRS resistance change. In addition, through many cycles of repeatedly stretching and releasing the LRS of the NT resistive memory at a fixed ε = 7.1%, a gauge factor of approximately 22 is measured and achieved for a highly sensitive and durable strain sensor. Finally, the actual integration of the NT resistive memory into textiles can provide resistive memory and piezoresistive sensor applications simultaneously for wearable electronic textiles.
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35
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Kang S, Lee BY, Lee SH, Lee SD. High Resolution Micro-patterning of Stretchable Polymer Electrodes through Directed Wetting Localization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13066. [PMID: 31506474 PMCID: PMC6737050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A microarray of conducting polymer electrodes with high resolution and high pattern-fidelity is developed on a stretchable substrate through the directed wetting localization (DWL) by the differential hydrophobicity. The large difference in the surface energy between the wetting and dewetting regions serves as the major determinant of the pattern resolution and the pattern-fidelity, yielding the full surface coverage in the stretchable electrode array (SEA) with 30 μm in width. The electrical characteristics of the SEA are well preserved under different types of elastic deformations. All-solution-processed polymer light-emitting diodes (except for the cathode) based on our patterned stretchable electrodes show no appreciable degradation of the performance under stretching. The DWL provides a simple and effective way of building up diverse stretchable electrical and optoelectronic devices in advanced wearable and bio-integrated electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Kang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyung Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Doo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Weißenborn E, Braunschweig B. Specific Ion Effects of Dodecyl Sulfate Surfactants with Alkali Ions at the Air-Water Interface. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162911. [PMID: 31405189 PMCID: PMC6720776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of Li+, Na+ and Cs+ cations on the surface excess and structure of dodecyl sulfate (DS−) anions at the air–water interface was investigated with the vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG) and surface tensiometry. Particularly, we have addressed the change in amplitude and frequency of the symmetric S-O stretching vibrations as a function of electrolyte and DS− concentration in the presence of Li+, Na+ and Cs+ cations. For the Li+ and Na+ ions, we show that the resonance frequency is shifted noticeably from 1055 cm−1 to 1063 cm−1 as a function of the surfactants’ surfaces excess, which we attribute to the vibrational Stark effect within the static electric field at the air–water interface. For Cs+ ions the resonance frequency is independent of the surfactant concentration with the S-O stretching band centered at 1063 cm−1. This frequency is identical to the frequency at the maximum surface excess when Li+ and Na+ ions are present and points to the ion pair formation between the sulfate headgroup and Cs+ counterions, which reduces the local electric field. In addition, SFG experiments of the O-H stretching bands of interfacial H2O molecules are used in order to calculate the apparent double layer potential and the degree of dissociation between the surfactant head group and the investigated cations. The latter was found to be 12.0%, 10.4% and 7.7% for lithium dodecyl sulfate (LiDS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cesium dodecyl sulfate (CsDS) surfactants, which is in agreement with Collins ‘rule of matching water affinities’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Weißenborn
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Björn Braunschweig
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Olivares AJ, Cosme I, Sanchez-Vergara ME, Mansurova S, Carrillo JC, Martinez HE, Itzmoyotl A. Nanostructural Modification of PEDOT:PSS for High Charge Carrier Collection in Hybrid Frontal Interface of Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061034. [PMID: 31212644 PMCID: PMC6630200 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we propose poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) material to form a hybrid heterojunction with amorphous silicon-based materials for high charge carrier collection at the frontal interface of solar cells. The nanostructural characteristics of PEDOT:PSS layers were modified using post-treatment techniques via isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated conformational changes and nanostructural reorganization in the surface of the polymer in order to tailor hybrid interface to be used in the heterojunctions of inorganic solar cells. To prove this concept, hybrid polymer/amorphous silicon solar cells were fabricated. The hybrid PEDOT:PSS/buffer/a-Si:H heterojunction demonstrated high transmittance, reduction of electron diffusion, and enhancement of the internal electric field. Although the structure was a planar superstrate-type configuration and the PEDOT:PSS layer was exposed to glow discharge, the hybrid solar cell reached high efficiency compared to that in similar hybrid solar cells with substrate-type configuration and that in textured well-optimized amorphous silicon solar cells fabricated at low temperature. Thus, we demonstrate that PEDOT:PSS is fully tailored and compatible material with plasma processes and can be a substitute for inorganic p-type layers in inorganic solar cells and related devices with improvement of performance and simplification of fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Olivares
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico.
| | - Ismael Cosme
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico.
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y tecnología-INAOE, Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla C.P. 72840, Mexico.
| | - Maria Elena Sanchez-Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Av. Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan C.P. 52786, Mexico.
| | - Svetlana Mansurova
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico.
| | - Julio C Carrillo
- UAM Reynosa-Rodhe, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Carr. Reynosa-San Fernando S/N, Reynosa, Tamaulipas 88779, Mexico.
| | - Hiram E Martinez
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico.
| | - Adrian Itzmoyotl
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico.
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Characterization of MWCNT-PEDOT: PSS Nanocomposite Flexible Thin Film for Piezoresistive Strain Sensing Application. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/9320976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized by the reduction of ethyl alcohol with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) under a strong basic solvent with the high concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Nanocomposites of different concentration of MWCNT dispersed in poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polymerized with poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared and deposited on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer substrates by the spin coating method. The thin films were characterized for their nanostructure and subsequently evaluated for their piezoresistive response. The films were subjected to an incremental strain from 0 to 6% at speed of 0.2 mm/min. The nanocomposite thin film with 0.1 wt% of MWCNT exhibits the highest gauge factor of 22.8 at 6% strain as well as the highest conductivity of 13.5 S/m. Hence, the fabricated thin film was found to be suitable for piezoresistive flexible strain sensing applications.
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Sakunpongpitiporn P, Phasuksom K, Paradee N, Sirivat A. Facile synthesis of highly conductive PEDOT:PSS via surfactant templates. RSC Adv 2019; 9:6363-6378. [PMID: 35517248 PMCID: PMC9060941 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08801b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) nanoparticles in powder form with high electrical conductivity were synthesized via chemical oxidative polymerization. In addition, the effects of EDOT : PSS weight ratio, EDOT : Na2S2O8 mole ratio, and surfactant concentration and type, namely hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), and polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether (Triton X-100) on the properties of PEDOT:PSS were investigated. For the effect of EDOT : PSS weight ratio, at the EDOT : Na2S2O8 mole ratio of 1 : 1, the EDOT : PSS weight ratio of 1 : 11 was the optimal condition to obtain electrical conductivity of 999.74 ± 10.86 S cm-1 due to the high amount of PSS- and SO4 2- available to interact with the PEDOT chain with a low % PSSNa. For the effect of EDOT : Na2S2O8 mole ratio, at the EDOT : PSS weight ratio of 1 : 11, the EDOT : Na2S2O8 mole ratio of 1 : 2 was the best condition as it provided the highest dopant (PSS- and SO4 2-) amount, while the % PSSNa was relatively low. For the effect of surfactant type and concentration, at the EDOT : PSS weight ratio of 1 : 11 and EDOT : Na2S2O8 mole ratio of 1 : 2, Triton X-100 at 2.5CMC provided electrical conductivity higher than with CTAB and SDS. The thermal stability of PEDOT:PSS obtained from various conditions was investigated, and PEDOT:PSS without surfactant showed the highest thermal stability since it produced the highest char yield. In this study, the highest electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS, which was obtained in the presence of Triton X-100 to reduce the PSSNa amount, was 1879.49 ± 13.87 S cm-1, the highest value reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phimchanok Sakunpongpitiporn
- The Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Katesara Phasuksom
- The Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Nophawan Paradee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok 10140 Thailand
| | - Anuvat Sirivat
- The Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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Thongkham W, Lertsatitthanakorn C, Jiramitmongkon K, Tantisantisom K, Boonkoom T, Jitpukdee M, Sinthiptharakoon K, Klamchuen A, Liangruksa M, Khanchaitit P. Self-Assembled Three-Dimensional Bi 2Te 3 Nanowire-PEDOT:PSS Hybrid Nanofilm Network for Ubiquitous Thermoelectrics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6624-6633. [PMID: 30656940 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric generation capable of delivering reliable performance in the low-temperature range (<150 °C) for large-scale deployment has been a challenge mainly due to limited properties of thermoelectric materials. However, realizing interdependence of topological insulators and thermoelectricity, a new research dimension on tailoring and using the topological-insulator boundary states for thermoelectric enhancement has emerged. Here, we demonstrate a promising hybrid nanowire of topological bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) within the conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) matrix using the in situ one-pot synthesis to be incorporated into a three-dimensional network of self-assembled hybrid thermoelectric nanofilms for the scalable thermoelectric application. Significantly, the nanowire-incorporated film network exhibits simultaneous increase in electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient as opposed to reduced thermal conductivity, improving thermoelectric performance. Based on comprehensive measurements for electronic transport of individual nanowires revealing an interfacial conduction path along the Bi2Te3 core inside the encapsulating layer and that the hybrid nanowire is n-type semiconducting, the enhanced thermoelectricity is ascribed to increased hole mobility due to electron transfer from Bi2Te3 to PEDOT:PSS and importantly charge transport via the Bi2Te3-PEDOT:PSS interface. Scaling up the nanostructured material to construct a thermoelectric generator having the generic pipeline-insulator geometry, the device exhibits a power factor and a figure of merit of 7.45 μW m-1 K-2 and 0.048, respectively, with an unprecedented output power of 130 μW and 15 day operational stability at Δ T = 60 °C. Our findings not only encourage a new approach to cost-effective thermoelectric generation, but they could also provide a route for the enhancement of other applications based on the topological nanowire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warittha Thongkham
- Energy Technology Division, School of Energy, Environment and Materials , King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi , 126 Pracha-Uthit Road , Bangmod, Thungkhru, Bangkok 10140 , Thailand
| | - Charoenporn Lertsatitthanakorn
- Energy Technology Division, School of Energy, Environment and Materials , King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi , 126 Pracha-Uthit Road , Bangmod, Thungkhru, Bangkok 10140 , Thailand
| | - Kanpitcha Jiramitmongkon
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) , National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road , Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 , Thailand
| | - Kittipong Tantisantisom
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) , National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road , Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 , Thailand
| | - Thitikorn Boonkoom
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) , National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road , Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 , Thailand
| | - Manit Jitpukdee
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science , Kasetsart University , 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road , Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900 , Thailand
| | - Kitiphat Sinthiptharakoon
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) , National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road , Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 , Thailand
| | - Annop Klamchuen
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) , National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road , Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 , Thailand
| | - Monrudee Liangruksa
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) , National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road , Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 , Thailand
| | - Paisan Khanchaitit
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) , National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road , Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 , Thailand
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41
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Xu D, Shen H, Wang W, Xie J, Zhang T, Yuan H, Li Y, Chen X, He Y, Zhang Y. Effect of H
2
SO
4
Solution Treatment on Adhesion, Charge Transfer, and Catalytic Performance of Screen‐Printed PEDOT:PSS. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:374-382. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201801133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201899 P. R. China
| | - Hujiang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201899 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201899 P. R. China
| | - Junjie Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201899 P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201899 P. R. China
| | - Huihui Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201899 P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201899 P. R. China
- School of Environmental and Materials EngineeringShanghai Polytechnic University Shanghai 201209 P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201899 P. R. China
| | - Yunlong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201899 P. R. China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201899 P. R. China
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42
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Huang S, Ye N, Chen G, Ou R, Huang Y, Zhu F, Shen J, Ouyang G. A robust and homogeneous porous poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphene thin film for high-efficiency laser desorption/ionization analysis of estrogens in biological samples. Talanta 2018; 195:290-297. [PMID: 30625545 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a robust and homogeneous porous poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphene (PEDOT/graphene) thin film surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) functional platform was prepared through a rapid and facile in-situ photopolymerization method. The graphene-embedded PEDOT skeleton well circumvented the aggregation-related problems in the traditional carbon-based SALDI method which combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS). As a result, the reproducibility and quantitative capacity of the SALDI platform were significantly improved. Furthermore, the highly efficient adsorption performance of the PEDOT/graphene thin film was demonstrated in terms of in vitro and in vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) extraction. It showed that porous morphology with abundant graphene doping favored the adsorption and enrichment of target analytes. Owing to the excellent adsorption capability of the PEDOT/graphene thin film and the inherent strong laser absorption ability of graphene, expected SALDI effect (3-13 times higher than the commercial nanomaterial-assisted LDI plate) and quantitative analysis (linear range 0.5-100 μg L-1) of the PEDOT/graphene functional surfaces were achieved. As for the real-world applications, we deployed the PEDOT/graphene thin film SALDI platform for the analysis of five estrogens in biological samples at microliter-volume level, without tedious sample preparation procedures. Satisfactory recoveries ranging from 60.6% to 99.0% were obtained. The present study suggested that the graphene-embedded PEDOT skeleton with porous morphology would be developed as promising coating for the adsorption of analytes of interest. Additionally, the combination of PEDOT with graphene not only expanded the application fields of PEDOT, but also offered an efficient strategy for preparing homogeneous functional surfaces to realize the quantitative analysis in SALDI method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Huang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Niru Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Guosheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ruoheng Ou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingwen Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Lee JH, Jeong YR, Lee G, Jin SW, Lee YH, Hong SY, Park H, Kim JW, Lee SS, Ha JS. Highly Conductive, Stretchable, and Transparent PEDOT:PSS Electrodes Fabricated with Triblock Copolymer Additives and Acid Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:28027-28035. [PMID: 30047263 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on a highly conductive, stretchable, and transparent electrode of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) fabricated via modification with triblock copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)- block-poly(propylene glycol)- block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEO20-PPO70-PEO20, Pluronic P123), and post-treatment with sulfuric acid. The fabricated electrode exhibits high transparency (89%), high electrical conductivity (∼1700 S/cm), and minimal change in resistance (∼4%) under repetitive stretch-release cycles at 40% tensile strain after stabilization. P123 acts as a secondary dopant and plasticizer, resulting in enhanced electrical conductivity and stretchability of PEDOT:PSS. Furthermore, after sulfuric acid post-treatment, P123 helps the electrode to maintain its stretchability. A successful demonstration of the stretchable interconnection was shown by stretching the P123-modified PEDOT:PSS electrodes, which were connected with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in series. Finally, a stretchable and transparent touch sensor consisting of our fabricated electrodes and an LED array and stretchable semitransparent supercapacitor were presented, suggesting a great potential of our electrodes in the application to various deformable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
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Qiu Y, Lu Z, Pei Q. Refreshable Tactile Display Based on a Bistable Electroactive Polymer and a Stretchable Serpentine Joule Heating Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24807-24815. [PMID: 29968468 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The demand for tactile interactive devices has been growing exponentially as the sense of touch enriches the human-machine interaction experience. However, the tactile devices reported so far cannot offer high-quality performance, compact form factor, and relatively simple system architecture for low-cost production. We report the fabrication of a 4 × 4 pneumatic tactile display with Braille standard resolution using a bistable electroactive polymer (BSEP) thin film and a serpentine-patterned carbon nanotube electrode. The BSEP is a variable stiffness material that exhibits a stiffness change of 3000-fold within the narrow temperature range of 43 ± 3 °C. The carbon nanotube electrode was patterned on the polymer film via a P3R process, Prestretch-Pattern-Protect-Release, which leads to a serpentine-patterned composite electrode that is highly stretchable, retains its high electrical conductivity up to an ∼200% area strain, and provides a fast Joule heating rate of 31 °C/s. The tactile pixels are diaphragm actuators that can be individually controlled to produce 0.7 mm out of plain deformation and greater than 50 g of blocking force by application of local heating and pneumatic pressure. The device can operate under low voltage supply (30 V) and has a lifetime of over 100 000 cycles without much performance degradation. This work could open a path to building compact, user-friendly, and cost-effective tactile devices for a variety of important applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Zhiyun Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Qibing Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
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45
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Lima RMAP, Alcaraz-Espinoza JJ, da Silva FAG, de Oliveira HP. Multifunctional Wearable Electronic Textiles Using Cotton Fibers with Polypyrrole and Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13783-13795. [PMID: 29620858 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional wearable electronic textiles based on interfacial polymerization of polypyrrole on carbon nanotubes/cotton fibers offer advantages of simple and low-cost materials that incorporate bactericidal, good electrochemical performance, and electrical heating properties. The high conductivity of doped polypyrrole/CNT composite provides textiles that reaches temperature on order of 70 °C with field of 5 V/cm, superior electrochemical performance applied as electrodes of supercapacitor prototypes, reaching capacitance in order of 30 F g-1 and strong bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The combination of these properties can be explored in smart devices for heat and microbial treatment on different parts of body, with incorporated storage of energy on textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi M A P Lima
- Institute of Materials Science , Federal University of São Francisco Valley , 48920-310 , Juazeiro , Bahia , Brazil
| | - Jose Jarib Alcaraz-Espinoza
- Institute of Materials Science , Federal University of São Francisco Valley , 48920-310 , Juazeiro , Bahia , Brazil
| | - Fernando A G da Silva
- Institute of Materials Science , Federal University of São Francisco Valley , 48920-310 , Juazeiro , Bahia , Brazil
| | - Helinando P de Oliveira
- Institute of Materials Science , Federal University of São Francisco Valley , 48920-310 , Juazeiro , Bahia , Brazil
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46
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Zhang L, Baima M, Andrew TL. Transforming Commercial Textiles and Threads into Sewable and Weavable Electric Heaters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:32299-32307. [PMID: 28853279 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe a process to transform commercial textiles and threads into electric heaters that can be cut/sewn or woven to fashion lightweight fabric heaters for local climate control and personal thermal management. Off-the-shelf fabrics are coated with a 1.5 μm thick film of a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), using an improved reactive vapor deposition method. Changes in the hand feel, weight, and breathability of the textiles after the coating process are imperceptible. The resulting fabric electrodes possess competitively low sheet resistances-44 Ω/□ measured for coated bast fiber textiles and 61 Ω/□ measured for coated cotton textiles-and act as low-power-consuming Joule heating elements. The electrothermal response of the textile electrodes remain unaffected after cutting and sewing due to the robustness of the conductive coating. Coated, conductive cotton yarns can also be plain-woven into a monolithic fabric heater. A demonstrative circuit design for a soft, lightweight, and breathable thermal glove is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushuai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Morgan Baima
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Trisha L Andrew
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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47
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Hareesh K, Shateesh B, Joshi RP, Williams JF, Phase D, Haram SK, Dhole SD. Ultra high stable supercapacitance performance of conducting polymer coated MnO2 nanorods/rGO nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schematic representation of the preparation of a MGP nanocomposite and its ultra-high stable supercapacitance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hareesh
- School of Physics
- University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
- Department of Physics
| | - B. Shateesh
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune – 411007
- India
| | - R. P. Joshi
- Department of Physics
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune – 411007
- India
| | - J. F. Williams
- School of Physics
- University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - D. M. Phase
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research
- Indore – 452001
- India
| | - S. K. Haram
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune – 411007
- India
| | - S. D. Dhole
- Department of Physics
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune – 411007
- India
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48
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Allison L, Hoxie S, Andrew TL. Towards seamlessly-integrated textile electronics: methods to coat fabrics and fibers with conducting polymers for electronic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:7182-7193. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02592k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Traditional textile materials can be transformed into functional electronic components upon being dyed or coated with films of intrinsically conducting polymers, such as poly(aniline), poly(pyrrole) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linden Allison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Steven Hoxie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Trisha L. Andrew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
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