1
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Lan J, Li D, Zhong W, Luo W, Zhang H, Chen M. Bio-Inspired Iron-Loaded Polydopamine Functionalized Montmorillonite as an Environmentally Friendly Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin. Molecules 2023; 28:5354. [PMID: 37513227 PMCID: PMC10383249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important thermosetting material, flame-retardant epoxy resin has various applications in the aerospace, chemical, and electronics industry, and other fields. However, the flame retardancy of epoxy resins is often improved at the expense of mechanical performance. The contradiction between flame retardancy and mechanical properties seriously impedes the practical applications of epoxy resin (EP). Herein, iron-loaded polydopamine functionalized montmorillonite (D-Mt-Fe3+), which was prepared by dopamine, iron chloride and montmorillonite in an aqueous solution, was introduced to prepare iron-loaded polydopamine functionalized montmorillonite/epoxy resin composites (D-Mt-Fe3+/EP). As expected, D-Mt-Fe3+/EP-10 with 10 phr of D-Mt-Fe3+ passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, achieved a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.0% and reduced the smoke production rate (SPR) and total smoke production (TSP), indicating that the introduction of D-Mt-Fe3+ could endow EP with satisfactory flame retardancy through the radical scavenging function of dopamine in the gas phase and the catalytic charring effect of iron ions, respectively. Encouragingly, the mechanical property was also enhanced with the flexural strength increased by 25.5%. This work provided an attractive strategy for improving both the mechanical properties and fire resistance of EP, which greatly broadened their applications in the chemical industry and electronics field, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashui Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Research and Development Department, Waexim (Xiamen) New Materials Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Dingsi Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Research and Development Department, Waexim (Xiamen) New Materials Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Wenhui Luo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Huagui Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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2
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Xu B, Wu M, Liu Y, Wei S. Study on Flame Retardancy Behavior of Epoxy Resin with Phosphaphenanthrene Triazine Compound and Organic Zinc Complexes Based on Phosphonitrile. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073069. [PMID: 37049832 PMCID: PMC10095624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel flame retardant phosphorus-containing organozinc complex (Zn-PDH) was prepared using zinc and iron as the metal center and 4-aminopyridine, with low steric hindrance, as the organic ligand, then using phosphazene to modify the organometallic complex (Zn-4APD). The flame retardant properties and mechanism of Zn-PDH/Tris-(3-DOPO-1-propyl)-triazinetrione (TAD) in epoxy resin (EP) were investigated. Flame inhibition behavior was studied by the vertical combustion test (UL94), while limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement and flame retardant properties were studied by the cone calorimeter test (CONE). The flame retardant modes of action were explored by using the thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) test, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy (LRS). When TAD and Zn-PDH were added to the epoxy resin in the ratio of 3:1, the system achieved a balance between the gas-phase and condense-phase actions of the flame retardant effects, and the 3%TAD/1%Zn-PDH/EP composite system achieved not only good flame inhibition but also obtained good smoke and heat suppression performance, showing a comprehensive flame retardant performance. The gas phase and Zn-PDH mostly promoted charring with a barrier and protective effect in the condensed phase. As for the mechanism, TAD released the phosphorus-containing radicals and phenoxy radicals during decomposition and mainly exerted a gas-phase quenching effect. While in the condense phase, Zn-PDH promoted the decomposition of the polymer matrix to produce more aromatic structures and rapidly formed a complete and dense carbon layer rich in P-O-C crosslinked structures at high temperatures. Meanwhile, more N entered the gas phase in the form of inert gas, which diluted the concentration of the combustible fuel and helped to inhibit the combustion reaction.
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3
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Zhao Y, Li Y, Li J, Xiao Y, Mu W, Wang Z, Song L, Yu J. Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resins Modified with Few-Layer Black Phosphorus. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071655. [PMID: 37050271 PMCID: PMC10097328 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Few-layer black phosphorus (BP)- and red phosphorus (RP)-modified diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A-based epoxy resins (EP) was prepared with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone as a curing agent. The thermal stability and flame-retardant properties of the modified EPs were compared. Both BP and RP were able to improve the flame-retardant properties of EPs, while the BP showed higher flame-retardant efficiency than RP. As a two-dimensional nanomaterial, BP exhibited good compatibility, high flame-retardant efficiency, and negligible impact on the mechanical and thermal stability of EP. Pyrolysis-gas Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of EP showed that the addition of BP significantly inhibited the release of pyrolysis products in the gas phase. The modes of action for flame-retardant BPs in gas phase and condensed phase were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao Technical College, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yifan Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Wenmin Mu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Liang Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Jinhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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4
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Yu S, Kim HJ, Jeon S, Lim C, Seo B. Synthesis of polyfunctional amines as curing agents and its effect on mechanical property of epoxy polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoon Yu
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Center for Programmable Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Sugyeong Jeon
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Choong‐Sun Lim
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkuk Seo
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan Republic of Korea
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Long L, Xu W, Xu T, Xu G, Xiang Y, Shan C, He M, Qin S, Yu J. Reactable versus soluble
DOPO
derivatives in poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) composites: Flame retardance, mechanical properties and morphology. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Long
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Tao Xu
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Guomin Xu
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Yushu Xiang
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Chunyan Shan
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Min He
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Shuhao Qin
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Jie Yu
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
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7
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Wang H, Yuan J, Wang Y, Ma Y, Lyu S, Zhu Z. A nitrogen heterocyclic/phosphaphenanthrene derivative as a reactive additive for simultaneous improvement of flame retardancy, mechanical and dielectric properties of epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Recent advances in flame retardant epoxy systems containing non-reactive DOPO based phosphorus additives. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Zhou C, Wang X, Wang J, Pan Z, Zhou H. Epoxy resin modified with chitosan derivatives and DOPO: Improved flame retardancy, mechanical properties and transparency. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Wang J, Zhou H, Pan Z, Wu H, Wang D. Synthesis of low phosphorus flame retardant containing benzimidazole and hydroxyl and its application in reducing combustion smoke for epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hanjun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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11
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Bao Q, Liu Y, He R, Wang Q. The effect of strawberry-like nickel-decorated flame retardant for enhancing the fire safety and smoke suppression of epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Liu D, Ji P, Zhang T, Lv J, Cui Y. A bi-DOPO type of flame retardancy epoxy prepolymer: Synthesis, properties and flame-retardant mechanism. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Liu Z, Yu Z, Qiaolin T, Kaixin Z, Weihao D, Lewen Z, Rong W, Jin C, Jingjing D, Wang L, Qiwei W, Mingjun C, Zhiguo L. Highly efficient flame‐retardant and transparent epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Zhao Yu
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Tang Qiaolin
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Zhang Kaixin
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Deng Weihao
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Zhang Lewen
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Wang Rong
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Chen Jin
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | | | - Liao Wang
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Wang Qiwei
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Chen Mingjun
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Liu Zhiguo
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
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14
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15
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Cai L, Xin F, Zhai C, Chen Y, Xu B, Li X. The effects of DOPO modified Co-based metalorganic framework on flame retardancy, stiffness and thermal stability of epoxy resin. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6781-6790. [PMID: 35423181 PMCID: PMC8694927 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08982f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the effect of a modified metal organic framework material on the fire resistance and mechanical properties of epoxy resin (EP) has been explored. The cobalt based metal organic framework (ZIF-67) was synthesized from an organic ligand with a Schiff base structure. Then DOPO@ZIF-67 was synthesized by modifying ZIF-67 with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), and its effect on EP modification was explored. Compared with the pure EP, 4% DOPO@ZIF-67/EP passed the UL94 V-0 level and the ultimate oxygen index (LOI) reached 32.1%. The SEM pictures of carbon residue indicated that DOPO@ZIF-67 formed a more continuous and dense microstructure, which can enhance the thermal barrier and the physical barrier effect. The addition of DOPO@ZIF-67 also can effectively improve the stiffness and damping coefficient of EP composite material. The porous skeleton structure of DOPO@ZIF-67 can endow EP with rigidity and flame-retardant properties. Furthermore, the existence of DOPO made the combination of ZIF-67 with EP better. The results of this study suggest that DOPO@ZIF-67 may be a good additive for modification of the properties of epoxy thermosetting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China +86-10-68985531
| | - Fei Xin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China +86-10-68985531
| | - Congcong Zhai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China +86-10-68985531
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Huateng Hightech Co., Ltd. Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China +86-10-68985531
| | - Xiangmei Li
- School of Materials Science & Engneering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China +86-10-68913066
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16
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Recent Developments in the Flame-Retardant System of Epoxy Resin. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092145. [PMID: 32384706 PMCID: PMC7254395 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, the development of flame retardants for epoxy resin (EP) has tended to be non-toxic, efficient, multifunctional and systematic. Currently reported flame retardants have been capable of providing flame retardancy, heat resistance and thermal stability to EP. However, many aspects still need to be further improved. This paper reviews the development of EPs in halogen-free flame retardants, focusing on phosphorus flame retardants, carbon-based materials, silicon flame retardants, inorganic nanofillers, and metal-containing compounds. These flame retardants can be used on their own or in combination to achieve the desired results. The effects of these flame retardants on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of EPs were discussed. Despite the great progress on flame retardants for EP in recent years, further improvement of EP is needed to obtain numerous eco-friendly high-performance materials.
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17
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Liu L, Zhang W, Yang R. Flame retardant epoxy composites with epoxy‐containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leichun Liu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Material, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Material, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Material, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
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18
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Bao Q, Wang B, Liu Y, Wang Q, Yang Z. Epoxy resin flame retarded and toughed via flexible siloxane chain containing phosphaphenanthrene. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Nanoreinforcements of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Flame Retardant Polymeric Composites: An Overview. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4273253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer materials are ubiquitous in daily life. While polymers are often convenient and helpful, their properties often obscure the fire hazards they may pose. Therefore, it is of great significance in terms of safety to study the flame retardant properties of polymers while still maintaining their optimal performance. Current literature shows that although traditional flame retardants can satisfy the requirements of polymer flame retardancy, due to increases in product requirements in industry, including requirements for durability, mechanical properties, and environmental friendliness, it is imperative to develop a new generation of flame retardants. In recent years, the preparation of modified two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants has attracted wide attention in the field. Due to their unique layered structures, two-dimensional nanomaterials can generally improve the mechanical properties of polymers via uniform dispersion, and they can form effective physical barriers in a matrix to improve the thermal stability of polymers. For polymer applications in specialized fields, different two-dimensional nanomaterials have potential conductivity, high thermal conductivity, catalytic activity, and antiultraviolet abilities, which can meet the flame retardant requirements of polymers and allow their use in specific applications. In this review, the current research status of two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants is discussed, as well as a mechanism of how they can be applied for reducing the flammability of polymers.
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Yan W, Wang K, Huang W, Wang M, Wang T, Tu C, Tian Q. Synergistic effects of phenethyl-bridged DOPO derivative with Al(OH)3 on flame retardancy for epoxy resins. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2019.1695269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Kui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Weijiang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Mei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunyun Tu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Tian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
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21
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Yao Z, Qian L, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Xu B, Li J. Flame retardant and toughening behaviors of bio‐based DOPO‐containing curing agent in epoxy thermoset. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongying Yao
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yong Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yajun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
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22
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Movahedifar E, Vahabi H, Saeb MR, Thomas S. Flame Retardant Epoxy Composites on the Road of Innovation: An Analysis with Flame Retardancy Index for Future Development. Molecules 2019; 24:E3964. [PMID: 31683861 PMCID: PMC6866146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, epoxy composites are elements of engineering materials and systems. Although they are known as versatile materials, epoxy resins suffer from high flammability. In this sense, flame retardancy analysis has been recognized as an undeniable requirement for developing future generations of epoxy-based systems. A considerable proportion of the literature on epoxy composites has been devoted to the use of phosphorus-based additives. Nevertheless, innovative flame retardants have coincidentally been under investigation to meet market requirements. This review paper attempts to give an overview of the research on flame retardant epoxy composites by classification of literature in terms of phosphorus (P), non-phosphorus (NP), and combinations of P/NP additives. A comprehensive set of data on cone calorimetry measurements applied on P-, NP-, and P/NP-incorporated epoxy systems was collected and treated. The performance of epoxy composites was qualitatively discussed as Poor, Good, and Excellent cases identified and distinguished by the use of the universal Flame Retardancy Index (FRI). Moreover, evaluations were rechecked by considering the UL-94 test data in four groups as V0, V1, V2, and nonrated (NR). The dimensionless FRI allowed for comparison between flame retardancy performances of epoxy composites. The results of this survey can pave the way for future innovations in developing flame-retardant additives for epoxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Movahedifar
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology-Mahshahr Campus, Mahshahr 424, Iran.
| | - Henri Vahabi
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France.
- Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photoniques et Systèmes, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Departments of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 16765-654, Iran.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, MG University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.
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Zhang W, Zheng C, Zhang Y, Guo W. Preparation and Characterization of Flame-Retarded Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Blends: Effect of Content and Type of Flame Retardant. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111784. [PMID: 31683625 PMCID: PMC6918192 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A flame retardant named TAD was synthesized by the reaction of 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and triallyl isocyanurate at first. Then, novel flameretarded materials based on PBT and PET resin were formulated via melt blending with TAD, expandable graphite (EG), and a mixture of both. The effect of flame retardant type and TAD content on the flame behavior of PBT/PET blend was carefully investigated. TAD contributed towards higher LOI value and better UL-94 performance than EG. However, the best V-0 rating in the UL-94 test was achieved by the incorporation of TAD/EG mixture into the resin matrix. TAD/EG combination exhibited clear synergistic effect on both reducing the flaming intensity and increasing the residual char layer, as confirmed by cone calorimeter tests and TGA results. SEM images combined with XPS analysis revealed that expansion and migration of EG locked the P-containing radicals from decomposing TAD into the condensed phase, which led to the formation of compact and continuous char layers. All the results in our studies demonstrate that incorporation of TAD with a charring agent EG is an effective and promising technique to develop flame-retarded PBT/PET material, which has high potential for applications in the areas of electronic devices, household products, and automotive parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhou Zhang
- Polymer Processing Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Polymer Processing Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Polymer Processing Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Weihong Guo
- Polymer Processing Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Xie W, Huang S, Liu S, Zhao J. A biobased Schiff base from protocatechualdehyde and its application in flame-retardant, low-smoke epoxy resin systems. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30815-30822. [PMID: 35529374 PMCID: PMC9072551 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06574a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a new renewable Schiff base flame retardant 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-((oxybis(4,1-phenylene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(benzene-1,2-diol) (PH-ODA) was prepared by the reaction of protocatechualdehyde with 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA). PH-ODA (acting as a carbonization agent) combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were used as intumescent flame retardants for commercial bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA). For the cured epoxy resin containing 7.5% APP and 2.5% PH-ODA, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) reached 29.9% (with the V-0 rating in UL-94 test), and the peak heat release rate and total smoke production were respectively decreased by 88.1% and 68.3%, compared with pure epoxy resin. The enhancement of fire-safety performance was due to PH-ODA/APP promoting the formation of a compact intumescent char structure. It was also found that the synergism between PH-ODA and APP was helpful to enhance the fire resistance of the epoxy matrix. This work provides a facile and sustainable route for synthesizing Schiff base compounds from biomass-derived resources, possessing great potential for application in highly-effective intumescent flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000 +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000
| | - Shiwen Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000 +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000
| | - Shumei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000 +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000 +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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25
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Li JL, Wang C, Lu KY. Enhanced cryogenic mechanical properties and liquid oxygen compatibility of DOPO-containing epoxy resin reinforced by epoxy-grafted polysiloxane. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Zhai C, Xin F, Chen Y, Cai L, Qian L. Flame retardancy of epoxy resin nanocomposite with a novel polymeric nanoflame retardant. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhai
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Fei Xin
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Huateng Hightech Co, Ltd Beijing China
| | - Liyun Cai
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Lijun Qian
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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27
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Feng Y, Yuan L, Liang G, Gu A. Phosphorus‐free boron nitride/cerium oxide hybrid: A synergistic flame retardant and smoke suppressant for thermally resistant cyanate ester resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Feng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material ScienceSoochow University Suzhou China
| | - Li Yuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material ScienceSoochow University Suzhou China
| | - Guozheng Liang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material ScienceSoochow University Suzhou China
| | - Aijuan Gu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material ScienceSoochow University Suzhou China
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28
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Li J, Wang H, Li S. Thermal stability and flame retardancy of an epoxy resin modified with phosphoric triamide and glycidyl POSS. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008319843979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoric triamide (PTA) and glycidyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) were simultaneously incorporated into the cured network of a bisphenol F epoxy resin and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) to improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy. PTA was synthesized by triethyl phosphate and DDM, and its chemical structure was confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) results showed that the introduction of PTA and POSS slightly increased the glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin. The thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that compared with the pure, phosphoric, and silicic epoxy resins, the modified epoxy resin possessed the lowest weight loss rate and highest char residue. Its limiting oxygen index value was as high as 30.5, and the UL-94 grade reached V-1. A decomposition test was carried out to obtain sufficient char residue and investigate the condensed mechanism. The scanning electron microscopic images demonstrated that the char residue of the modified epoxy resin had a compact structure. The energy dispersive X-ray and FTIR analyses verified the synergistic effect of the phosphorus and silicon in the PTA and POSS, respectively, on the epoxy resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Li
- College of Mining and Safety Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Shichao Li
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
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29
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Construction of Carbon Microspheres-Based Silane Melamine Phosphate Hybrids for Flame Retardant Poly(ethylene Terephthalate). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030545. [PMID: 30960529 PMCID: PMC6474131 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the flame retardancy and inhibit the smoke of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), carbon microspheres (CMSs)-based melamine phosphate (MP) hybrids (MP-CMSs) were constructed in situ with the introduction of CMSs into the hydrothermal reaction system of MP. The integrated MP-CMSs were modified by 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) to obtain the silane MP-CMSs (SiMP-CMSs) to strengthen the interface binding between the MP-CMSs and PET matrix. The results showed that the SiMP layer was loaded on the CMSs surface. The addition of only 3% SiMP-CMSs increased the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the PET from 21% ± 0.1% to 27.7% ± 0.3%, reaching a V-0 burning rate. The SiMP-CMSs not only reduced heat damage, but also inhibited the smoke release during PET combustion, whereupon the peak heat release rate (pk-HRR) reduced from 513.2 to 221.7 kW/m2, and the smoke parameters (SP) decreased from 229830.2 to 81892.3 kW/kg. The fire performance index (FPI) rose from 0.07 m2s/kW to 0.17 m2s/kW, demonstrating the lower fire risk. The proportion of the flame-retardant mode in the physical barrier, flame inhibition, and char effects were recorded as 44.53%, 19.04%, and 9.04%, respectively.
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30
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Peng Y, Xue B, Song Y, Wang J, Niu M. Preparation of a novel phosphorus‐containing organosilicon and its effect on the flame retardant and smoke suppression of polyethylene terephthalate. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- College of Textile EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology Yuci 030600 China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Baoxia Xue
- College of Textile EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology Yuci 030600 China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Yinghao Song
- College of Textile EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology Yuci 030600 China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Textile EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology Yuci 030600 China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Mei Niu
- College of Textile EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology Yuci 030600 China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education Taiyuan 030024 China
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31
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Synthesis and characterization of an efficient flame retardant based on aromatic ring and phosphate ester for epoxy resin. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Liu Z, Qiu Y, Qian L, Chen Y, Xu B. Strengthen flame retardancy of epoxy thermoset by montmorillonite particles adhering phosphorus‐containing fragments. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
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33
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Synergistic Flame-retardant Effect of Epoxy Resin Combined with Phenethyl-bridged DOPO Derivative and Graphene Nanosheets. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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High-performance flame retardant epoxy resin based on a bi-group molecule containing phosphaphenanthrene and borate groups. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Yan W, Yu J, Zhang M, Wang T, Wen C, Qin S, Huang W. Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and phenethyl-bridged DOPO derivative on flame retardancy of epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Synthesis of a novel reactive flame retardant containing phosphaphenanthrene and piperidine groups and its application in epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Chen W, Liu Y, Liu Y, Wang Q. Preparation of alginate flame retardant containing P and Si and its flame retardancy in epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuansen Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography; State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
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38
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Zhao W, Wang G, Liu J, Ban D, Cheng T, Liu X, Li Y, Huang Y. Synthesis, structure–property and flame retardancy relationships of polyphosphonamide and its application on epoxy resins. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08318a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of polyphosphonamides (PPDA) with heteroatoms and phosphonamide structures are proposed as highly effective flame retardants in epoxy resins (EP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Gong Wang
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jiping Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Daming Ban
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Guizhou Normal University
- Guiyang
- China
| | - Tianjin Cheng
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yongqing Huang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
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39
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Fang Y, Qian L, Huang Z, Tang S, Qiu Y. Synergistic charring effect of triazinetrione-alkyl-phosphinate and phosphaphenanthrene derivatives in epoxy thermosets. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08340h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The component synergistic charring effect of a TAHP/TAD system caused more balanced flame-retardant actions in the gaseous phase and condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Fang
- School of Materials Science & Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- PR China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science & Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- PR China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers
| | - Zhigang Huang
- School of Materials Science & Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- PR China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers
| | - Shuo Tang
- School of Materials Science & Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- PR China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers
| | - Yong Qiu
- School of Materials Science & Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- PR China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers
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40
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Liu C, Chen T, Yuan C, Chang Y, Chen G, Zeng B, Xu Y, Luo W, Dai L. Highly transparent and flame-retardant epoxy composites based on a hybrid multi-element containing POSS derivative. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09327f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resin modified with ODMAS comprising a POSS core and sixteen DOPO groups possess high transparency, excellent flame retardant property and enhanced mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Conghui Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guorong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Birong Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Weiang Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lizong Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
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