1
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Torres-Herrero B, Armenia I, Ortiz C, de la Fuente JM, Betancor L, Grazú V. Opportunities for nanomaterials in enzyme therapy. J Control Release 2024; 372:619-647. [PMID: 38909702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, enzyme therapy strategies have rapidly evolved to catalyze essential biochemical reactions with therapeutic potential. These approaches hold particular promise in addressing rare genetic disorders, cancer treatment, neurodegenerative conditions, wound healing, inflammation management, and infectious disease control, among others. There are several primary reasons for the utilization of enzymes as therapeutics: their substrate specificity, their biological compatibility, and their ability to generate a high number of product molecules per enzyme unit. These features have encouraged their application in enzyme replacement therapy where the enzyme serves as the therapeutic agent to rectify abnormal metabolic and physiological processes, enzyme prodrug therapy where the enzyme initiates a clinical effect by activating prodrugs, and enzyme dynamic or starving therapy where the enzyme acts upon host substrate molecules. Currently, there are >20 commercialized products based on therapeutic enzymes, but approval rates are considerably lower than other biologicals. This has stimulated nanobiotechnology in the last years to develop nanoparticle-based solutions that integrate therapeutic enzymes. This approach aims to enhance stability, prevent rapid clearance, reduce immunogenicity, and even enable spatio-temporal activation of the therapeutic catalyst. This comprehensive review delves into emerging trends in the application of therapeutic enzymes, with a particular emphasis on the synergistic opportunities presented by incorporating enzymes into nanomaterials. Such integration holds the promise of enhancing existing therapies or even paving the way for innovative nanotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Torres-Herrero
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC/Universidad de Zaragoza, c/ Edificio I+D, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ilaria Armenia
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC/Universidad de Zaragoza, c/ Edificio I+D, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cecilia Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jesús Martinez de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC/Universidad de Zaragoza, c/ Edificio I+D, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Betancor
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Grazú
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC/Universidad de Zaragoza, c/ Edificio I+D, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Sidhu AK, Patil SN, Gaikwad VB. Direct binding and characterization of laccase onto iron oxide nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:235101. [PMID: 38364270 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2a02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) exhibit unique magnetic properties and possess a high surface-to-volume ratio, making them ideal candidates for the conjugation of substances, including enzymes. Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), an oxidative enzyme with diverse applications, presents an opportunity for enhancing stability and reusability through innovative immobilization techniques, thus reducing overall process costs. In this study, we employed a direct binding procedure via carbodiimide activation to conjugate laccase onto IONPs synthesized using thermal chemical coprecipitation. Stabilization of the nanoparticles was achieved using thioglycerol and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as capping agents. Characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was conducted using UV-spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy analysis confirmed successful laccase binding to magnetic nanoparticles, with binding efficiencies of 90.65% and 73.02% observed for thioglycerol and PVA capped IONPs, respectively. Furthermore, the conjugated enzyme exhibited remarkable stability, retaining nearly 50% of its initial activity after 20 reuse cycles. This research demonstrates that immobilizing laccase onto IONPs enhances its activity, stability, and reusability, with the potential for significant cost savings and expanded applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet K Sidhu
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sucheta N Patil
- Professor, Department of Microbiology, K.T.H.M College, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishwas B Gaikwad
- Regional Director, Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
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3
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Gamberoni F, Borgese M, Pagiatakis C, Armenia I, Grazù V, Gornati R, Serio S, Papait R, Bernardini G. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with and without Cobalt Functionalization Provoke Changes in the Transcription Profile via Epigenetic Modulation of Enhancer Activity. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9151-9159. [PMID: 37494138 PMCID: PMC10571150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the progress in the field of nanotoxicology, much about the cellular mechanisms that mediate the adverse effects of nanoparticles (NPs) and, in particular, the possible role of epigenetics in nanotoxicity, remains to be clarified. Therefore, we studied the changes occurring in the genome-wide distribution of H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K9me2, and H3K27me3 histone modifications and compared them with the transcriptome after exposing NIH3T3 cells to iron-based magnetic NPs (i.e., Fe2O3 and Fe2O3@Co NPs). We found that the transcription response is mainly due to changes in the genomic distribution of H3K27ac that can modulate the activity of enhancers. We propose that alteration of the epigenetic landscape is a key mechanism in defining the gene expression program changes resulting in nanotoxicity. With this approach, it is possible to construct a data set of genomic regions that could be useful for defining toxicity in a manner that is more comprehensive than what is possible with the present toxicology assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gamberoni
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University
of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Marina Borgese
- Department
of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via Guicciardini 9, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Christina Pagiatakis
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University
of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- IRCCS
Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Armenia
- BioNanoSurf
Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales
de Aragón (INMA, CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I + D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Valeria Grazù
- BioNanoSurf
Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales
de Aragón (INMA, CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I + D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University
of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Simone Serio
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University
of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- IRCCS
Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
| | - Roberto Papait
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University
of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- IRCCS
Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University
of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
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4
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Tabacchi G, Armenia I, Bernardini G, Masciocchi N, Guagliardi A, Fois E. Energy Transfer from Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Implications for Magnetic Hyperthermia. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:12914-12921. [PMID: 37533540 PMCID: PMC10391739 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have gained momentum in the field of biomedical applications. They can be remotely heated via alternating magnetic fields, and such heat can be transferred from the IONPs to the local environment. However, the microscopic mechanism of heat transfer is still debated. By X-ray total scattering experiments and first-principles simulations, we show how such heat transfer can occur. After establishing structural and microstructural properties of the maghemite phase of the IONPs, we built a maghemite model functionalized with aminoalkoxysilane, a molecule used to anchor (bio)molecules to oxide surfaces. By a linear response theory approach, we reveal that a resonance mechanism is responsible for the heat transfer from the IONPs to the surroundings. Heat transfer occurs not only via covalent linkages with the IONP but also through the solvent hydrogen-bond network. This result may pave the way to exploit the directional control of the heat flow from the IONPs to the anchored molecules-i.e., antibiotics, therapeutics, and enzymes-for their activation or release in a broader range of medical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Tabacchi
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia (DSAT), University
of Insubria, and INSTM, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | - Ilaria Armenia
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia (DSAT), University
of Insubria, and INSTM, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | - Antonietta Guagliardi
- Istituto
di Cristallografia − To.Sca.Lab and INSTM, CNR, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | - Ettore Fois
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia (DSAT), University
of Insubria, and INSTM, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy
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5
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Rosini E, Boreggio M, Verga M, Caldinelli L, Pollegioni L, Fasoli E. The D-amino acid oxidase-carbon nanotubes: evaluation of cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of a potential anticancer nanosystem. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:243. [PMID: 37346390 PMCID: PMC10279611 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The 'enzyme prodrug therapy' represents a promising strategy to overcome limitations of current cancer treatments by the systemic administration of prodrugs, converted by a foreign enzyme into an active anticancer compound directly in tumor sites. One example is D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), a dimeric flavoenzyme able to catalyze the oxidative deamination of D-amino acids with production of hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species (ROS), able to favor cancer cells death. A DAAO variant containing five aminoacidic substitutions (mDAAO) was demonstrated to possess a better therapeutic efficacy under low O2 concentration than wild-type DAAO (wtDAAO). Recently, aiming to design promising nanocarriers for DAAO, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to reduce their tendency to aggregation and to improve their biocompatibility. Here, wtDAAO and mDAAO were adsorbed on PEGylated MWCNTs and their activity and cytotoxicity were tested. While PEG-MWCNTs-DAAOs have shown a higher activity than pristine MWCNTs-DAAO (independently on the DAAO variant used), PEG-MWCNTs-mDAAO showed a higher cytotoxicity than PEG-MWCNTs-wtDAAO at low O2 concentration. In order to evaluate the nanocarriers' biocompatibility, PEG-MWCNTs-DAAOs were incubated in human serum and the composition of protein corona was investigated via nLC-MS/MS, aiming to characterize both soft and hard coronas. The mDAAO variant has influenced the bio-corona composition in both number of proteins and presence of opsonins and dysopsonins: notably, the soft corona of PEG-MWCNTs-mDAAO contained less proteins and was more enriched in proteins able to inhibit the immune response than PEG-MWCNTs-wtDAAO. Considering the obtained results, the PEGylated MWCNTs conjugated with the mDAAO variant seems a promising candidate for a selective antitumor oxidative therapy: under anoxic-like conditions, this novel drug delivery system showed a remarkable cytotoxic effect controlled by the substrate addition, against different tumor cell lines, and a bio-corona composition devoted to prolong its blood circulation time, thus improving the drug's biodistribution. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03568-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Marta Boreggio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Verga
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Caldinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Elisa Fasoli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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6
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Vercellino S, Kokalari I, Liz Cantoral M, Petseva V, Cursi L, Casoli F, Castagnola V, Boselli L, Fenoglio I. Biological interactions of ferromagnetic iron oxide-carbon nanohybrids with alveolar epithelial cells. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3514-3526. [PMID: 35603779 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been largely investigated in a plethora of biological fields for their interesting physical-chemical properties, which make them suitable for application in cancer therapy, neuroscience, and imaging. Several encouraging results have been reported in these contexts. However, the possible toxic effects of some IONP formulations can limit their applicability. In this work, IONPs were synthesized with a carbon shell (IONP@C), providing enhanced stability both as colloidal dispersion and in the biological environment. We conducted a careful multiparametric evaluation of IONP@C biological interactions in vitro, providing them with an in vivo-like biological identity. Our hybrid nanoformulation showed no cytotoxic effects on a widely employed model of alveolar epithelial cells for a variety of concentrations and exposure times. The IONP@C were efficiently internalized and TEM analysis allowed the protective role of the carbon shell against intracellular degradation to be assessed. Intracellular redistribution of the IONP@C from the lysosomes to the lamellar bodies was also observed after 72 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vercellino
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Ida Kokalari
- Dept. of Chemistry, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy. .,Delft University of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ DELFT, The Netherlands
| | - Mayra Liz Cantoral
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,Dept. of Chemistry, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Vanya Petseva
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Lorenzo Cursi
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Francesca Casoli
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Valentina Castagnola
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Boselli
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,Nanobiointeractions and Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Dept. of Chemistry, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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7
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Berini F, Orlandi VT, Gamberoni F, Martegani E, Armenia I, Gornati R, Bernardini G, Marinelli F. Antimicrobial Activity of Nanoconjugated Glycopeptide Antibiotics and Their Effect on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:657431. [PMID: 34925248 PMCID: PMC8674785 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.657431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of antimicrobial resistance, the use of nanoconjugated antibiotics is regarded as a promising approach for preventing and fighting infections caused by resistant bacteria, including those exacerbated by the formation of difficult-to-treat bacterial biofilms. Thanks to their biocompatibility and magnetic properties, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are particularly attractive as antibiotic carriers for the targeting therapy. IONPs can direct conjugated antibiotics to infection sites by the use of an external magnet, facilitating tissue penetration and disturbing biofilm formation. As a consequence of antibiotic localization, a decrease in its administration dosage might be possible, reducing the side effects to non-targeted organs and the risk of antibiotic resistance spread in the commensal microbiota. Here, we prepared nanoformulations of the 'last-resort' glycopeptides teicoplanin and vancomycin by conjugating them to IONPs via surface functionalization with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). These superparamagnetic NP-TEICO and NP-VANCO were chemically stable and NP-TEICO (better than NP-VANCO) conserved the typical spectrum of antimicrobial activity of glycopeptide antibiotics, being effective against a panel of staphylococci and enterococci, including clinical isolates and resistant strains. By a combination of different methodological approaches, we proved that NP-TEICO and, although to a lesser extent, NP-VANCO were effective in reducing biofilm formation by three methicillin-sensitive or resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Moreover, when attracted and concentrated by the action of an external magnet, NP-TEICO exerted a localized inhibitory effect on S. aureus biofilm formation at low antibiotic concentration. Finally, we proved that the conjugation of glycopeptide antibiotics to IONPs reduced their intrinsic cytotoxicity toward a human cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Berini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Federica Gamberoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Eleonora Martegani
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Ilaria Armenia
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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8
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Waldeck-Weiermair M, Yadav S, Spyropoulos F, Krüger C, Pandey AK, Michel T. Dissecting in vivo and in vitro redox responses using chemogenetics. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:360-369. [PMID: 34752919 PMCID: PMC8639655 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the most abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) within mammalian cells. At low concentrations, H2O2 serves as a versatile cell signaling molecule that mediates vital physiological functions. Yet at higher concentrations, H2O2 can be a toxic molecule by promoting pathological oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Within normal cells, H2O2 is differentially distributed in a variety of subcellular locales. Moreover, many redox-active enzymes and their substrates are themselves differentially distributed within cells. Numerous reports have described the biological and biochemical consequences of adding exogenous H2O2 to cultured cells and tissues, but many of these observations are difficult to interpret: the effects of exogenous H2O2 do not necessarily replicate the cellular responses to endogenous H2O2. In recent years, chemogenetic approaches have been developed to dynamically regulate the abundance of H2O2 in specific subcellular locales. Chemogenetic approaches have been applied in multiple experimental systems, ranging from in vitro studies on the intracellular transport and metabolism of H2O2, all the way to in vivo studies that generate oxidative stress in specific organs in living animals. These chemogenetic approaches have exploited a yeast-derived d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) that synthesizes H2O2 only in the presence of its d-amino acid substrate. DAAO can be targeted to various subcellular locales, and can be dynamically activated by the addition or withdrawal of its d-amino acid substrate. In addition, recent advances in the development of highly sensitive genetically encoded H2O2 biosensors are providing a better understanding of both physiological and pathological oxidative pathways. This review highlights several applications of DAAO as a chemogenetic tool across a wide range of biological systems, from analyses of subcellular H2O2 metabolism in cells to the development of new disease models caused by oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Shambhu Yadav
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fotios Spyropoulos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Krüger
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arvind K Pandey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Michel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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9
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Bonfanti P, Colombo A, Saibene M, Fiandra L, Armenia I, Gamberoni F, Gornati R, Bernardini G, Mantecca P. Iron nanoparticle bio-interactions evaluated in Xenopus laevis embryos, a model for studying the safety of ingested nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2019; 14:196-213. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1685695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Bonfanti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre POLARIS, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Anita Colombo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre POLARIS, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Melissa Saibene
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre POLARIS, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Luisa Fiandra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre POLARIS, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Armenia
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Gamberoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paride Mantecca
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre POLARIS, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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10
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Zanella D, Bossi E, Gornati R, Faria N, Powell J, Bernardini G. The direct permeation of nanoparticles through the plasma membrane transiently modifies its properties. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:182997. [PMID: 31150635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The exposure to metal nanoparticles (NPs) has increased with their widespread use in industry, research and medicine. It is well known that NPs may enter cells and that this mechanism is crucial to exert both the therapeutic and toxicity effects. The main cellular entrance route is endocytosis-based, however, recent experimental studies, have reported that NPs can also enter the cell crossing directly the plasma membrane, it is thus important to investigate this alternative internalization mechanism. Size, surface chemistry, solubility and shape play a role in NP ability of entering the cell, but it is still to be elucidated how these properties act on cell membrane. We have demonstrated that a direct permeation of metal oxide NPs through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane can occur, giving direct access to the cytoplasm. In this paper, using the powerful tool of Xenopus laevis oocytes and two electrode Voltage Clamp, we have investigated several parameters that can influence the direct crossing. The most significant of them is the NP hydrodynamic size as clearly shown by the comparison of the behaviour between Co3O4 and NiO NPs. By collecting biophysical membrane parameters in different conditions, we have shown that NPs that are able to cross the membrane share the ability to maintain a hydrodynamic size lower than 200 nm. The presence of this route of entrance must be considered for a better comprehension of the effect at intracellular level considering possible mechanism in order to a safer design of engineered NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zanella
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Bossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Nuno Faria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, UK
| | - Jonathan Powell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, UK
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy.
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11
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Armenia I, Grazú Bonavia MV, De Matteis L, Ivanchenko P, Martra G, Gornati R, de la Fuente JM, Bernardini G. Enzyme activation by alternating magnetic field: Importance of the bioconjugation methodology. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 537:615-628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Armenia I, Marcone GL, Berini F, Orlandi VT, Pirrone C, Martegani E, Gornati R, Bernardini G, Marinelli F. Magnetic Nanoconjugated Teicoplanin: A Novel Tool for Bacterial Infection Site Targeting. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2270. [PMID: 30386305 PMCID: PMC6199386 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoconjugated antibiotics can be regarded as next-generation drugs as they possess remarkable potential to overcome multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been extensively used in the biomedical field because of their biocompatibility and magnetic properties. More recently, IONPs have been investigated as potential nanocarriers for antibiotics to be magnetically directed to/recovered from infection sites. Here, we conjugated the “last-resort” glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin to IONPs after surface functionalization with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). Classical microbiological methods and fluorescence and electron microscopy analysis were used to compare antimicrobial activity and surface interactions of naked IONPs, amino-functionalized NPs (NP-APTES), and nanoconjugated teicoplanin (NP-TEICO) with non-conjugated teicoplanin. As bacterial models, differently resistant strains of three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis) and a Gram-negative representative (Escherichia coli) were used. The results indicated that teicoplanin conjugation conferred a valuable and prolonged antimicrobial activity to IONPs toward Gram-positive bacteria. No antimicrobial activity was detected using NP-TEICO toward the Gram-negative E. coli. Although IONPs and NP-APTES showed only insignificant antimicrobial activity in comparison to NP-TEICO, our data indicate that they might establish diverse interaction patterns at bacterial surfaces. Sensitivity of bacteria to NPs varied according to the surface provided by the bacteria and it was species specific. In addition, conjugation of teicoplanin improved the cytocompatibility of IONPs toward two human cell lines. Finally, NP-TEICO inhibited the formation of S. aureus biofilm, conserving the activity of non-conjugated teicoplanin versus planktonic cells and improving it toward adherent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Armenia
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Berini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Pirrone
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Eleonora Martegani
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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13
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Efremova MV, Veselov MM, Barulin AV, Gribanovsky SL, Le-Deygen IM, Uporov IV, Kudryashova EV, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Majouga AG, Golovin YI, Kabanov AV, Klyachko NL. In Situ Observation of Chymotrypsin Catalytic Activity Change Actuated by Nonheating Low-Frequency Magnetic Field. ACS NANO 2018; 12:3190-3199. [PMID: 29570975 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnetomechanical modulation of biochemical processes is a promising instrument for bioengineering and nanomedicine. This work demonstrates two approaches to control activity of an enzyme, α-chymotrypsin immobilized on the surface of gold-coated magnetite magnetic nanoparticles (GM-MNPs) using a nonheating low-frequency magnetic field (LF MF). The measurement of the enzyme reaction rate was carried out in situ during exposure to the magnetic field. The first approach involves α-chymotrypsin-GM-MNPs conjugates, in which the enzyme undergoes mechanical deformations with the reorientation of the MNPs under LF MF (16-410 Hz frequency, 88 mT flux density). Such mechanical deformations result in conformational changes in α-chymotrypsin structure, as confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and molecular modeling, and lead to a 63% decrease of enzyme initial activity. The second approach involves an α-chymotrypsin-GM-MNPs/trypsin inhibitor-GM-MNPs complex, in which the activity of the enzyme is partially inhibited. In this case the reorientation of MNPs in the field leads to disruption of the enzyme-inhibitor complex and an almost 2-fold increase of enzyme activity. The results further demonstrate the utility of magnetomechanical actuation at the nanoscale for the remote modulation of biochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Efremova
- Laboratory for Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS , Moscow 119049 , Russian Federation
| | - Maxim M Veselov
- Laboratory for Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Barulin
- Laboratory for Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | | | - Irina M Le-Deygen
- Laboratory for Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Uporov
- Laboratory for Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Kudryashova
- Laboratory for Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Marina Sokolsky-Papkov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Alexander G Majouga
- Laboratory for Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS , Moscow 119049 , Russian Federation
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia , Moscow 125047 , Russian Federation
| | - Yuri I Golovin
- Laboratory for Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
- G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University , Tambov 392036 , Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Laboratory for Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Natalia L Klyachko
- Laboratory for Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS , Moscow 119049 , Russian Federation
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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14
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Armenia I, Balzaretti R, Pirrone C, Allegretti C, D'Arrigo P, Valentino M, Gornati R, Bernardini G, Pollegioni L. l-aspartate oxidase magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and l-aspartate bioconversion. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00384f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
l-aspartate oxidase (LASPO) catalyses the stereospecific oxidative deamination of l-aspartate. Here, we describe the efficient immobilization of this enzyme on Fe3O4 NPs resulting in a stable NP-LASPO dispersion with a good reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Armenia
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
- 21100 Varese
- Italy
| | - Riccardo Balzaretti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
- 21100 Varese
- Italy
| | - Cristina Pirrone
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
- 21100 Varese
- Italy
| | - Chiara Allegretti
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Paola D'Arrigo
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Mattia Valentino
- The Protein Factory, Politecnico di Milano
- ICRM CNR Milano
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
- 20131 Milano
- Italy
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
- 21100 Varese
- Italy
- The Protein Factory, Politecnico di Milano
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
- 21100 Varese
- Italy
- The Protein Factory, Politecnico di Milano
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
- 21100 Varese
- Italy
- The Protein Factory, Politecnico di Milano
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