1
|
Mutoh K, Kobayashi Y, Nakashima T. A Hexaarylbiimidazole-Terarylene Hybrid: Visible-to-NIR-II Absorption via Sequential Photochromic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202410115. [PMID: 38894673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
A synergetic interaction between two or more photochromic chromophores has a potential to achieve advanced photochemical properties beyond conventional photochromic molecules and to realize photochemical control of complex systems using only a single molecule. Herein, we report a hybrid photochromic molecule consisting of hexaarylbiimidazole (HABI) and terarylene that exhibits multi-state photochromism. The biphotochrome hybrid shows four-state photochromic reaction involving sequentially proceeding photoreactions. The UV or visible light irradiation to the biphotochrome leads to the C-N bond breaking reaction of the HABI in preference to the ring-closing reaction of the 6π-electron system in the terarylene unit, leading to two terarylene radical molecules. The photogenerated terarylene radical further exhibits the 6π-electrocyclization reaction by UV irradiation. The delocalized π-radical on the closed-ring form of the terarylene is efficient to enhance the photosensitivity to the NIR-I and -II region. Furthermore, a recombination reaction of radicals between the open- and closed-ring isomers of terarylene affords an unprecedented photochromic dimer as a structural isomer of the initial molecule. This is a consequence of the sequential hybrid photochromic system involving the HABI and terarylene units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng HB, Zhang S, Bai E, Cao X, Wang J, Qi J, Liu J, Zhao J, Zhang L, Yoon J. Future-Oriented Advanced Diarylethene Photoswitches: From Molecular Design to Spontaneous Assembly Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108289. [PMID: 34866257 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diarylethene (DAE) photoswitch is a new and promising family of photochromic molecules and has shown superior performance as a smart trigger in stimulus-responsive materials. During the past few decades, the DAE family has achieved a leap from simple molecules to functional molecules and developed toward validity as a universal switching building block. In recent years, the introduction of DAE into an assembly system has been an attractive strategy that enables the photochromic behavior of the building blocks to be manifested at the level of the entire system, beyond the DAE unit itself. This assembly-based strategy will bring many unexpected results that promote the design and manufacture of a new generation of advanced materials. Here, recent advances in the design and fabrication of diarylethene as a trigger in materials science, chemistry, and biomedicine are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Enying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ji Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Volarić J, Szymanski W, Simeth NA, Feringa BL. Molecular photoswitches in aqueous environments. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12377-12449. [PMID: 34590636 PMCID: PMC8591629 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches enable dynamic control of processes with high spatiotemporal precision, using light as external stimulus, and hence are ideal tools for different research areas spanning from chemical biology to smart materials. Photoswitches are typically organic molecules that feature extended aromatic systems to make them responsive to (visible) light. However, this renders them inherently lipophilic, while water-solubility is of crucial importance to apply photoswitchable organic molecules in biological systems, like in the rapidly emerging field of photopharmacology. Several strategies for solubilizing organic molecules in water are known, but there are not yet clear rules for applying them to photoswitchable molecules. Importantly, rendering photoswitches water-soluble has a serious impact on both their photophysical and biological properties, which must be taken into consideration when designing new systems. Altogether, these aspects pose considerable challenges for successfully applying molecular photoswitches in aqueous systems, and in particular in biologically relevant media. In this review, we focus on fully water-soluble photoswitches, such as those used in biological environments, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the design principles and prospects for water-soluble photoswitches to inspire and enable their future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volarić
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Patel DG, Boggio-Pasqua M, Mitchell TB, Walton IM, Quigley WR, Novak FA. Computational and Crystallographic Examination of Naphthoquinone Based Diarylethene Photochromes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112630. [PMID: 32516980 PMCID: PMC7321381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochromic compounds have a lengthy history of study and a profusion of applications that stand to gain from these studies. Among the classes of photochromic compounds, diarylethenes show desirable properties including high fatigue resistance and thermal stability, thus meeting some of the most important criteria necessary to enter the realm of practical applications. Recently, photochromic diarylethenes containing quinone functionalities have demonstrated interesting optical and solid-state properties. When properly interfaced with suitable electron withdrawing groups on the aryl component, both the ring-opening and ring-closing reactions can be achieved with visible light; this is in contrast to most other diarylethenes where UV light is required for ring closure. Unfortunately, quantitative conversion from open to closed forms is not possible. In this work, we examine the relative energies of conformations of solid-state structures observed by X-ray crystallography and evaluate their thermal stabilities based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Time-dependent DFT (TD–DFT) is used to model the UV-vis absorption spectra of these quinone diarylethenes. We show that spectral overlap between open and closed forms is a major hindrance to full photoconversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh G. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, the Pennsylvania State University at Hazleton, Hazleton, PA 18202, USA; (W.R.Q.); (F.A.N.)
- Correspondence: (D.G.P.); (M.B.-P.)
| | - Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (D.G.P.); (M.B.-P.)
| | - Travis B. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA; (T.B.M.); (I.M.W.)
| | - Ian M. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA; (T.B.M.); (I.M.W.)
| | - William R. Quigley
- Department of Chemistry, the Pennsylvania State University at Hazleton, Hazleton, PA 18202, USA; (W.R.Q.); (F.A.N.)
| | - Frank A. Novak
- Department of Chemistry, the Pennsylvania State University at Hazleton, Hazleton, PA 18202, USA; (W.R.Q.); (F.A.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Patel DG, Mitchell TB, Myers SD, Carter DA, Novak FA. A Suzuki Approach to Quinone-Based Diarylethene Photochromes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2646-2653. [PMID: 31896258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diarylethene photochromes show promise for use in advanced organic electronic and photonic materials with burgeoning considerations for biological applications; however, these compounds typically require UV light for photoswitching in at least one direction, thus limiting their appeal. We here introduce a naphthoquinone-based diarylethene that switches between open and closed forms with visible light. The synthesis of this quinone diarylethene relies on Suzuki methodology, allowing for the inclusion of functional groups not otherwise accessible with current synthetic routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh G Patel
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University at Hazleton , Hazleton , Pennsylvania 18202 , United States
| | - Travis B Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry , The State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York 14260-3000 , United States
| | - Shea D Myers
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University at Hazleton , Hazleton , Pennsylvania 18202 , United States
| | - Dorothy A Carter
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University at Hazleton , Hazleton , Pennsylvania 18202 , United States
| | - Frank A Novak
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University at Hazleton , Hazleton , Pennsylvania 18202 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lvov AG, Yokoyama Y, Shirinian VZ. Post-Modification of the Ethene Bridge in the Rational Design of Photochromic Diarylethenes. CHEM REC 2019; 20:51-63. [PMID: 31063675 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fine-tuning of the molecular structure of organic bistable compounds to improve their photochromic performance or to introduce additional functions remains an important issue in the development of photoresponsive materials. Diarylethenes bearing heterocyclic moieties belong to the most intensively studied class of organic photochromes due to their excellent photochemical properties. A huge number of diarylethenes have been synthesized so far. Analysis of the literature data shows that there are very worthy examples of diarylethenes developed by the Irie and Feringa groups, which can be the common starting material for a number of diarylethenes functionalized in hetaryl moieties. We refer to these structures as photochromic diarylethene precursors. These diarylethenes have proved to be very useful in the construction of functional molecules with desired properties. On the other hand, in our groups, we have elaborated on diarylethene precursors with modifiable ethene bridges. In this review, we have collected examples of such structures and their chemical modifications, leading to the improvement or fine-tuning of photochromic switching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Lvov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yasushi Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Valerii Z Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Simeth NA, Kneuttinger AC, Sterner R, König B. Photochromic coenzyme Q derivatives: switching redox potentials with light. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6474-6483. [PMID: 28989672 PMCID: PMC5628583 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q is an important redox cofactor involved in a variety of cellular processes, and is thus found in several cell compartments. We report a photochromic derivative of coenzyme Q that combines the molecular structures of the redox active cofactor and a photochromic dye. Light irradiation triggers an electronic rearrangement reversibly changing the redox potential. We used this effect to control the intermolecular redox reaction of the photochromic coenzyme Q derivative with dihydropyridine in solution by light irradiation. On mitochondria, the altered redox properties showed an effect on the respiratory chain. The experiments demonstrate that the redox reactions can be initiated inside the system of interest through irradiation with light and the accompanied photoisomerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A Simeth
- University of Regensburg , Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Institute of Organic Chemistry , Universitätsstraße 31 , 93053 Regensburg , Germany . ; Tel: +49-941-943-4575
| | - Andrea C Kneuttinger
- University of Regensburg , Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine , Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry , Universitätsstraße 31 , 93053 Regensburg , Germany .
| | - Reinhard Sterner
- University of Regensburg , Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine , Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry , Universitätsstraße 31 , 93053 Regensburg , Germany .
| | - Burkhard König
- University of Regensburg , Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Institute of Organic Chemistry , Universitätsstraße 31 , 93053 Regensburg , Germany . ; Tel: +49-941-943-4575
| |
Collapse
|