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Xu J, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang L. NIR-II Absorbing Monodispersed Oligomers Based on N-B←N Unit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310838. [PMID: 37635075 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecules with near-infrared II (NIR II) light absorption are essential for many biological and opto-electronic applications. Herein, we report monodispersed oligomers as NIR II light absorber using a new molecular design strategy of resonant N-B←N unit, i.e. balanced resonant boron-nitrogen covalent bond (B-N) and boron-nitrogen coordination bond (B←N). We synthesize a series of monodispersed oligomers with thiophene-fused 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (TB), which contains resonant N-B←N unit, as the repeating unit. The TB pentamer exhibits the maximum absorption wavelength of 1169 nm, which is the longest for oligomers reported so far. Organic photodetectors (OPDs) with the TB tetramer as the electron acceptor shows the specific detectivity of 2.98×1011 Jones at 1180 nm under zero bias. This performance is among the best for NIR II OPDs. These results indicate a new kind of NIR II absorbing molecules as excellent opto-electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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2
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Zhou A, Liang J, Zheng F, Wang Q, Guo P, Lu Q, Shi F, Xia Y. Balancing the Energy levels and Charge Mobility of the Conjugated Polymer PM6 by a Third Component to Enable Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhou
- Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Applied Technology Research Center School of Material Science and Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Junhong Liang
- National Green Coating Equipment and Technology Research Center Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Fei Zheng
- National Green Coating Equipment and Technology Research Center Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Applied Technology Research Center School of Material Science and Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Pengzhi Guo
- Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Applied Technology Research Center School of Material Science and Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
- National Green Coating Equipment and Technology Research Center Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Qi Lu
- Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Applied Technology Research Center School of Material Science and Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Futing Shi
- Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Applied Technology Research Center School of Material Science and Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Yangjun Xia
- Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Applied Technology Research Center School of Material Science and Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
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3
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Effect of random copolymerization on the optical properties of selenophene and thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione conjugated polymers. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Guo P, Miao W, Liu G, Tong J, Liang Q, Zhang Y, Li M, Li J, Wang C, Wang E, Wu H, Xia Y. Twisted Alkylthiothien‐2‐yl Flanks and Extended Conjugation Length Synergistically Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance by Boosting Dielectric Constant and Carriers Kinetic Characteristics. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhi Guo
- National Green Coating Equipment and Technology Research Centre Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Wentao Miao
- National Green Coating Equipment and Technology Research Centre Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Guanghong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Quanbin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Youdan Zhang
- National Green Coating Equipment and Technology Research Centre Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- National Green Coating Equipment and Technology Research Centre Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Ergang Wang
- National Green Coating Equipment and Technology Research Centre Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Polymer Technology Chalmers University of Technology SE‐412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Hongbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Yangjun Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
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5
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Zheng B, Huo L. Recent advances of dithienobenzodithiophene-based organic semiconductors for organic electronics. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Agbolaghi S. Pure and complex nanostructures using poly[bis(triiso‐propylsilylethynyl) benzodithiophene‐bis(decyltetradecyl‐thien) naphthobisthiadiazole], carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide for high‐performance polymer solar cells. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Agbolaghi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of EngineeringAzarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
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7
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Agbolaghi S. Well‐functioned photovoltaics based on nanofibers composed of PBDT‐TIPS‐DTNT‐DT and graphenic precursors thermally modified by polythiophene, polyaniline and polypyrrole. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Agbolaghi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of EngineeringAzarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
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8
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Yu JE, Jeon SJ, Choi JY, Han YW, Ko EJ, Moon DK. A 3-Fluoro-4-hexylthiophene-Based Wide Bandgap Donor Polymer for 10.9% Efficiency Eco-Friendly Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805321. [PMID: 30698922 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonfullerene organic solar cells (NFOSCs) are attracting increasing academic and industrial interest due to their potential uses for flexible and lightweight products using low-cost roll-to-roll technology. In this work, two wide bandgap (WBG) polymers, namely P(fTh-BDT)-C6 and P(fTh-2DBDT)-C6, are designed and synthesized using benzodithiophene (BDT) derivatives. Good oxidation stability and high solubility are achieved by simultaneously introducing fluorine and alkyl chains to a single thiophene (Th) unit. Solid P(fTh-2DBDT)-C6 films present WBG optical absorption, suitable frontier orbital levels, and strong π-π stacking effects. In addition, P(fTh-2DBDT)-C6 exhibits good solubility in both halogenated and nonhalogenated solvents, suggesting its suitability as donor polymer for NFOSCs. The P(fTh-2DBDT)-C6:3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(5-hexylthienyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (ITIC-Th) based device processed using chlorobenzene/1,8-diiodooctane (CB/DIO) exhibits a remarkably high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.1%. Moreover, P(fTh-2DBDT)-C6:ITIC-Th reaches a high PCE of 10.9% when processed using eco-friendly solvents, such as o-xylene/diphenyl ether (DPE). The cell processed using CB/DIO maintains 100% efficiency after 1272 h, while that processed using o-xylene/DPE presents a 101% increase in efficiency after 768 h and excellent long-term stability. The results of this study demonstrate that simultaneous fluorination and alkylation are effective methods for designing donor polymers appropriate for high-performance NFOSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Yu
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Jeon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Yong Woon Han
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Eui Jin Ko
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Doo Kyung Moon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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9
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Jeon SJ, Yu JE, Han YW, Suh IS, Moon DK. Structural optimization in the same polymer backbones for efficient polymer solar cells: Relationship between steric hindrance and molecular weight. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Zhang M, Zhu L, Guo P, Wang X, Tong J, Zhang X, Jia Y, Yang R, Xia Y, Wang C. Effect of Flank Rotation on the Photovoltaic Properties of Dithieno[2,3- d:2',3'- d']benzo[1,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophene-Based Narrow Band Gap Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E239. [PMID: 30960223 PMCID: PMC6419082 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Side chain engineering has been an effective approach to modulate the solution processability, optoelectronic properties and miscibility of conjugated polymers (CPs) for organic/polymeric photovoltaic cells (PVCs). As compared with the most commonly used method of introducing alkyl chains, the employment of alkyl-substituted aryl flanks would provide two-dimensional (2-D) CPs having solution processability alongside additional merits like deepened highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels, increased absorption coefficient and charger transporting, etc. In this paper, the triple C≡C bond was used as conjugated linker to decrease the steric hindrance between the flanks of 4,5-didecylthien-2-yl (T) and dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (DTBDT) core. In addition, an alternating CP derived from 4,5-didecylthien-2-yl-ethynyl (TE) flanked DTBDT, and 4,9-bis(4-octylthien-2-yl) naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole (DTNT), named as PDTBDT-TE-DTNT, was synthesized and characterized. As compared with the controlled PDTBDT-T-DTNT, which was derived from 4,5-didecylthien-2-yl flanked DTBDT and DTNT, the results for exciton dissociation probability, density functional theory (DFT), time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements, etc., revealed that the lower steric hindrance between TE and DTBDT might lead to the easier rotation of the TE flanks, thus contributing to the decrease of the exciton lifetime and dissociation probability, finally suppressing the short-circuit current density (JSC), etc., of the photovoltaic devices from PDTBDT-TE-DTNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Liangjian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Pengzhi Guo
- National Green Coating Technology and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Xunchang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Junfeng Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yongjian Jia
- National Green Coating Technology and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yangjun Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Chenglong Wang
- National Green Coating Technology and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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11
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Zhang X, Wang F, Tong J, Zhang M, Guo P, Li J, Xia Y, Wang C, Wu H. Systematically investigating the influence of inserting alkylthiophene spacers on the aggregation, photo-stability and optoelectronic properties of copolymers from dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene and benzothiadiazole derivatives. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01764f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PDTBDT-SBT and PDTBDT-SFBT presented a superior trade-off between band gaps and photo-stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education
| | - Junfeng Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education
| | - Mingjin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education
| | - Pengzhi Guo
- National green coating technology and equipment Engineering Technology Research Center
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Yangjun Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- National green coating technology and equipment Engineering Technology Research Center
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P.R. China
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Weng C, Wang W, Liang J, Wang G, Tan S, Shen P. Fluorobenzotriazole-Based Medium-Bandgap Conjugated D-A Copolymers for Applications to Fullerene-Based and Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Weng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Wengong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Jingtang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Guo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Songting Tan
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Ping Shen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 China
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Shome S, Singh SP. Access to small molecule semiconductors via C–H activation for photovoltaic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7322-7325. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Reporting ruthenium carboxylate-catalysed single step oxidative cross coupling that challenges the conventional Stille and Suzuki coupling reactions, to afford BT and MFBT derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Shome
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Uppal Road
- Tarnaka
- Hyderabad-500007
| | - Surya Prakhash Singh
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Uppal Road
- Tarnaka
- Hyderabad-500007
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14
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Gao P, Tong J, Guo P, Li J, Wang N, Li C, Ma X, Zhang P, Wang C, Xia Y. Medium band gap conjugated polymers from thienoacene derivatives and pentacyclic aromatic lactam as promising alternatives of poly(3-hexylthiophene) in photovoltaic application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peili Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengzhi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- National Green Coating Technology and Equipment Research Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Yangjun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry Education; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials and Chemistry; Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara; CA 93106-9510 USA
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