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Wang X, He J, Wang YN, Zhao Z, Jiang K, Yang W, Zhang T, Jia S, Zhong K, Niu L, Lan Y. Strategies and Mechanisms of First-Row Transition Metal-Regulated Radical C-H Functionalization. Chem Rev 2024; 124:10192-10280. [PMID: 39115179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Radical C-H functionalization represents a useful means of streamlining synthetic routes by avoiding substrate preactivation and allowing access to target molecules in fewer steps. The first-row transition metals (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) are Earth-abundant and can be employed to regulate radical C-H functionalization. The use of such metals is desirable because of the diverse interaction modes between first-row transition metal complexes and radical species including radical addition to the metal center, radical addition to the ligand of metal complexes, radical substitution of the metal complexes, single-electron transfer between radicals and metal complexes, hydrogen atom transfer between radicals and metal complexes, and noncovalent interaction between the radicals and metal complexes. Such interactions could improve the reactivity, diversity, and selectivity of radical transformations to allow for more challenging radical C-H functionalization reactions. This review examines the achievements in this promising area over the past decade, with a focus on the state-of-the-art while also discussing existing limitations and the enormous potential of high-value radical C-H functionalization regulated by these metals. The aim is to provide the reader with a detailed account of the strategies and mechanisms associated with such functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Theory and Mechanism, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyan Zhao
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Kui Jiang
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Innovation, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 451162, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Jia
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Kangbao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Linbin Niu
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Theory and Mechanism, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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2
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Marie N, Ma JA, Tognetti V, Cahard D. Photocatalyzed Cascade Hydrogen Atom Transfers for Assembly of Multi-Substituted α-SCF 3 and α-SCF 2H Cyclopentanones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407689. [PMID: 38845586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
A photocatalyzed formal (3+2) cycloaddition has been developed to construct original polysubstituted α-SCF3 cyclopentanones in a regio- and diastereoselective manner. This building block approach leverages trifluoromethylthio alkynes and branched/linear aldehydes, as readily available reaction partners, in consecutive hydrogen atom transfers and C-C bond formations. Difluoromethylthio alkynes are also compatible substrates. Furthermore, the potential for telescoped reaction starting from alcohols instead of aldehydes was demonstrated, as well as process automatization and scale-up under continuous microflow conditions. This prompted density functional theory (DFT) calculations to support a radical-mediated cascade process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Marie
- CNRS, UMR 6014 COBRA, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Vincent Tognetti
- CNRS, UMR 6014 COBRA, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Cahard
- CNRS, UMR 6014 COBRA, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000, Rouen, France
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3
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Lee WCC, Zhang XP. Metalloradical Catalysis: General Approach for Controlling Reactivity and Selectivity of Homolytic Radical Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320243. [PMID: 38472114 PMCID: PMC11097140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Since Friedrich Wöhler's groundbreaking synthesis of urea in 1828, organic synthesis over the past two centuries has predominantly relied on the exploration and utilization of chemical reactions rooted in two-electron heterolytic ionic chemistry. While one-electron homolytic radical chemistry is both rich in fundamental reactivities and attractive with practical advantages, the synthetic application of radical reactions has been long hampered by the formidable challenges associated with the control over reactivity and selectivity of high-energy radical intermediates. To fully harness the untapped potential of radical chemistry for organic synthesis, there is a pressing need to formulate radically different concepts and broadly applicable strategies to address these outstanding issues. In pursuit of this objective, researchers have been actively developing metalloradical catalysis (MRC) as a comprehensive framework to guide the design of general approaches for controlling over reactivity and stereoselectivity of homolytic radical reactions. Essentially, MRC exploits the metal-centered radicals present in open-shell metal complexes as one-electron catalysts for homolytic activation of substrates to generate metal-entangled organic radicals as the key intermediates to govern the reaction pathway and stereochemical course of subsequent catalytic radical processes. Different from the conventional two-electron catalysis by transition metal complexes, MRC operates through one-electron chemistry utilizing stepwise radical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Cindy Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 (USA)
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 (USA)
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4
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Xu H, Wang DS, Zhu Z, Deb A, Zhang XP. New Mode of Asymmetric Induction for Enantioselective Radical N-Heterobicyclization via Kinetically Stable Chiral Radical Center. Chem 2024; 10:283-298. [PMID: 38313041 PMCID: PMC10836202 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Enantioselective radical N-heterobicyclization of N-allylsulfamoyl azides have been developed via metalloradical catalysis (MRC). The Co(II)-based catalytic system can homolytically activate the organic azides with varied electronic and steric properties for asymmetric radical N-heterobicyclization under mild conditions without the need of oxidants, allowing for stereoselective construction of chiral [3.1.0]-bicyclic sulfamoyl aziridines in excellent yields with high diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities. The key to achieving the enantioselective radical process relies on catalyst development through ligand design. We demonstrate that the use of new-generation D2-symmetric chiral bridged amidoporphyrin ligand HuPhyrin with judicious variation of the alkyl bridge length can dictate both reactivity and selectivity of Co(II)-based MRC. We present both experimental and computational studies that shed light on the working details of the unprecedented mode of asymmetric induction consisting of enantioface-selective radical addition and stereospecific radical substitution. We showcase the synthetic applications of the resulting enantioenriched bicyclic aziridines through a number of stereospecific transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Duo-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Arghya Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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5
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Ward RM, Hu Y, Tu NP, Schomaker JM. Solvent Effects on the Chemo- and Site-Selectivity of Transition Metal-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer Reactions: Alternatives to Chlorinated Solvents. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202300964. [PMID: 37696772 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed, non-enzymatic nitrene transfer (NT) reactions to selectively transform C-H and C=C bonds to new C-N bonds are a powerful strategy to streamline the preparation of valuable amine building blocks. However, many catalysts for these reactions use environmentally unfriendly solvents that include dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane and benzene. We developed a high-throughput experimentation (HTE) protocol for heterogeneous NT reaction mixtures to enable rapid screening of a broad range of solvents for this chemistry. Coupled with the American Chemical Society Pharmaceutical Roundtable (ACSPR) solvent tool, we identified several attractive replacements for chlorinated solvents. Selected catalysts for NT were compared and contrasted using our HTE protocol, including silver supported by N-dentate ligands, dinuclear Rh complexes and Fe/Mn phthalocyanine catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Noah P Tu
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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6
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Punjajom K, Sinclair PP, Saha I, Seierstad M, Ameriks MK, García-Reynaga P, Lebold TP, Sarpong R. Convergent synthesis of thiodiazole dioxides from simple ketones and amines through an unusual nitrogen-migration mechanism. Chem Sci 2023; 15:328-335. [PMID: 38131085 PMCID: PMC10731909 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04478e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the modular preparation of dihydro-1,2,5-thiodiazole dioxide heterocycles starting from methyl ketones and primary amines. This one-pot, three-component coupling employs 2,3-dimethylimidazole-1-sulfonyl azide triflate as a coupling reagent and oxidant. The transformation is scalable and various ketones and amines can be used, yielding thiodiazole dioxide products in up to 89% yield. In addition, 15N- and 13C-labeling studies suggest a mechanism involving a 1,2-nitrogen migration. Together with the mechanistic studies, DFT calculations provide insight into the reaction pathway and set the stage for further exploration of the mechanistic nuances of reactions that use sulfamoyl azides. In combination with the demonstrated modularity of the approach reported herein, the derivatization of the thiodiazole dioxide products highlights the potential of this methodology to rapidly access diverse chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul P Sinclair
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Ishika Saha
- Janssen Research and Development San Diego California 92121 USA
| | - Mark Seierstad
- Janssen Research and Development San Diego California 92121 USA
| | | | | | - Terry P Lebold
- Janssen Research and Development San Diego California 92121 USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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7
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Kim S, Song SL, Zhang J, Kim D, Hong S, Chang S. Regio- and Enantioselective Catalytic δ-C-H Amidation of Dioxazolones Enabled by Open-Shell Copper-Nitrenoid Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16238-16248. [PMID: 37462685 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Controlling regio- and enantioselectivity in C-H functionalization reactions is of paramount importance due to their versatile synthetic utilities. Herein, we describe a new approach for the asymmetric δ-C(sp3)-H amidation catalysis of dioxazolones using a Cu(I) precursor with a chiral bisoxazoline ligand to access six-membered lactams with high to excellent regio- and enantioselectivity (up to >19:1 rr and >99:1 er). Combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies unveiled that the open-shell character of the postulated Cu-nitrenoids enables the regioselective hydrogen atom abstraction and subsequent enantio-determining radical rebound of the resulting carbon radical intermediates. The synthetic utility of this asymmetric cyclization was demonstrated in the diastereoselective introduction of additional functional groups into the chiral δ-lactam skeleton as well as in the rapid access to biorelevant azacyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Se Lin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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8
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Sunbal, Alamzeb M, Omer M, Abid OUR, Ullah M, Sohail M, Ullah I. Chemical insights into the synthetic chemistry of five-membered saturated heterocycles-a transition metal-catalyzed approach. Front Chem 2023; 11:1185669. [PMID: 37564110 PMCID: PMC10411457 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1185669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug design and delivery is primarily based on the hunt for new potent drug candidates and novel synthetic techniques. Recently, saturated heterocycles have gained enormous attention in medicinal chemistry as evidenced by the medicinal drugs listed in the FDA Orange Book. Therefore, the demand for novel saturated heterocyclic syntheses has increased tremendously. Transition metal (TM)-catalyzed reactions have remained the prime priority in heterocyclic syntheses for the last three decades. Nowadays, TM catalysis is well adorned by combining it with other techniques such as bio- and/or enzyme-catalyzed reactions, organocatalysis, or using two different metals in a single catalysis. This review highlights the recent developments of the transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of five-membered saturated heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunbal
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Omer
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohib Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
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9
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Khatua H, Das S, Patra S, Das SK, Roy S, Chattopadhyay B. Iron-Catalyzed Intermolecular Amination of Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21858-21866. [PMID: 36416746 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic system for intermolecular benzylic C(sp3)-H amination is developed utilizing 1,2,3,4-tetrazole as a nitrene precursor via iron catalysis. This method enables direct installation of 2-aminopyridine into the benzylic and heterobenzylic position. The method selectively aminates 2° benzylic C(sp3)-H bond over the 3° and 1° benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds. Experimental studies reveal that the C(sp3)-H amination undergoes via the formation of a benzylic radical intermediate. This study reports the discovery of new method for 2-pyridine substituted benzylamine synthesis using inexpensive, biocompatible base metal catalysis that should have wide application in the context of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillol Khatua
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subrata Das
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sima Patra
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Das
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyajit Roy
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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Das SK, Das S, Ghosh S, Roy S, Pareek M, Roy B, Sunoj RB, Chattopadhyay B. An iron(ii)-based metalloradical system for intramolecular amination of C(sp 2)-H and C(sp 3)-H bonds: synthetic applications and mechanistic studies. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11817-11828. [PMID: 36320905 PMCID: PMC9580522 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03505g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A catalytic system for intramolecular C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H amination of substituted tetrazolopyridines has been successfully developed. The amination reactions are developed using an iron-porphyrin based catalytic system. It has been demonstrated that the same iron-porphyrin based catalytic system efficiently activates both the C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds of the tetrazole as well as azide-featuring substrates with a high level of regioselectivity. The method exhibited an excellent functional group tolerance. The method affords three different classes of high-value N-heterocyclic scaffolds. A number of important late-stage C-H aminations have been performed to access important classes of molecules. Detailed studies (experimental and computational) showed that both the C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H amination reactions involve a metalloradical activation mechanism, which is different from the previously reported electro-cyclization mechanism. Collectively, this study reports the discovery of a new class of metalloradical activation modes using a base metal catalyst that should find wide application in the context of medicinal chemistry, drug discovery and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Kumar Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani Nadia Kalyani 741235 West Bengal India
| | - Subrata Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Supratim Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Satyajit Roy
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Monika Pareek
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Brindaban Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani Nadia Kalyani 741235 West Bengal India
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh India
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11
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Reek JNH, de Bruin B, Pullen S, Mooibroek TJ, Kluwer AM, Caumes X. Transition Metal Catalysis Controlled by Hydrogen Bonding in the Second Coordination Sphere. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12308-12369. [PMID: 35593647 PMCID: PMC9335700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysis is of utmost importance for the development of sustainable processes in academia and industry. The activity and selectivity of metal complexes are typically the result of the interplay between ligand and metal properties. As the ligand can be chemically altered, a large research focus has been on ligand development. More recently, it has been recognized that further control over activity and selectivity can be achieved by using the "second coordination sphere", which can be seen as the region beyond the direct coordination sphere of the metal center. Hydrogen bonds appear to be very useful interactions in this context as they typically have sufficient strength and directionality to exert control of the second coordination sphere, yet hydrogen bonds are typically very dynamic, allowing fast turnover. In this review we have highlighted several key features of hydrogen bonding interactions and have summarized the use of hydrogen bonding to program the second coordination sphere. Such control can be achieved by bridging two ligands that are coordinated to a metal center to effectively lead to supramolecular bidentate ligands. In addition, hydrogen bonding can be used to preorganize a substrate that is coordinated to the metal center. Both strategies lead to catalysts with superior properties in a variety of metal catalyzed transformations, including (asymmetric) hydrogenation, hydroformylation, C-H activation, oxidation, radical-type transformations, and photochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,InCatT B.V., Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Pullen
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tiddo J Mooibroek
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Xavier Caumes
- InCatT B.V., Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Fu Y, Zerull EE, Schomaker JM, Liu P. Origins of Catalyst-Controlled Selectivity in Ag-Catalyzed Regiodivergent C-H Amination. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2735-2746. [PMID: 35130697 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ag-catalyzed nitrene transfer (NT) converts C-H bonds into valuable C-N bonds. These reactions offer a promising strategy for catalyst-controlled regiodivergent functionalization of different types of reactive C-H bonds, as the regioselectivity is tunable by varying the steric and electronic environments around the Ag nitrene, as well as the identity of the nitrene precursors and the tether length. Therefore, a unified understanding of how these individual factors affect the regioselectivity is key to the rational design of highly selective and regiodivergent C-H amination reactions. Herein, we report a computational study of various Ag-catalyzed NT reactions that indicates a concerted H-atom transfer (HAT)/C-N bond formation mechanism. A detailed analysis was carried out on the effects of the C-H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), charge transfer, ligand-substrate steric repulsions, and transition state ring strain on the stability of the C-H insertion transition states with different Ag nitrene complexes. The ancillary ligands on the Ag and the nitrene precursor identity both affect transition state geometries to furnish differing sensitivities to the BDE, tether length, and electronic effects of the reactive C-H bonds. Based on our understanding of the dominant factors that control selectivity, we established a rational catalyst and precursor selection approach for regiodivergent amination of diverse C-H bonds. The computationally predicted regiodivergent amination of β- and γ-C-H bonds of aliphatic alcohol derivatives was validated by experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Emily E Zerull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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13
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Maloney TP, Dohoda AF, Zhu AC, Michael FE. Stereoretentive and Regioselective Selenium-catalyzed Intermolecular Propargylic C-H Amination of Alkynes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2121-2127. [PMID: 35308840 PMCID: PMC8849008 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07067c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report an intermolecular propargylic C–H amination of alkynes. This reaction is operationally convenient and requires no transition metal catalysts or additives. Terminal, silyl, and internal alkynes bearing a wide range of functional groups can be aminated in high yields. The regioselectivity of amination for unsymmetrical internal alkynes is strongly influenced by substitution pattern (tertiary > secondary > primary) and by relatively remote heteroatomic substituents. We demonstrate that amination of alkynes bearing α-stereocenters occurs with retention of configuration at the newly-formed C–N bond. Competition experiments between alkynes, kinetic isotope effects, and DFT calculations are performed to confirm the mechanistic hypothesis that initial ene reaction of a selenium bis(imide) species is the rate- and product-determining step. This ene reaction has a transition state that results in substantial partial positive charge development at the carbon atom closer to the amination position. Inductive and/or hyperconjugative stabilization or destabilization of this positive charge explains the observed regioselectivities. Selenium catalysis enables a general intermolecular propargylic C–H amination of alkynes. The concerted mechanism gives rise to high regioselectivity for the more electron-rich end of the alkyne and retention of the C–H propargylic stereocenter.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- T Parker Maloney
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry Box 351700 Seattle Washington 98195-1700 USA
| | - Alexander F Dohoda
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry Box 351700 Seattle Washington 98195-1700 USA
| | - Alec C Zhu
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry Box 351700 Seattle Washington 98195-1700 USA
| | - Forrest E Michael
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry Box 351700 Seattle Washington 98195-1700 USA
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14
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Oda R, Yamamoto H, Nakata K. FeCl
3
‐Catalyzed Diastereodivergent Sulfamidation of Diarylmethanol Diastereomixtures Bearing a Chiral Auxiliary Dependent on Catalyst Loading. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoga Oda
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Shimane University 1060 Nishikawatsu Matsue Shimane 690-8504 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Shimane University 1060 Nishikawatsu Matsue Shimane 690-8504 Japan
| | - Kenya Nakata
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Shimane University 1060 Nishikawatsu Matsue Shimane 690-8504 Japan
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15
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Sinha SK, Guin S, Maiti S, Biswas JP, Porey S, Maiti D. Toolbox for Distal C-H Bond Functionalizations in Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5682-5841. [PMID: 34662117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed C-H activation has developed a contemporary approach to the omnipresent area of retrosynthetic disconnection. Scientific researchers have been tempted to take the help of this methodology to plan their synthetic discourses. This paradigm shift has helped in the development of industrial units as well, making the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical drugs step-economical. In the vast zone of C-H bond activation, the functionalization of proximal C-H bonds has gained utmost popularity. Unlike the activation of proximal C-H bonds, the distal C-H functionalization is more strenuous and requires distinctly specialized techniques. In this review, we have compiled various methods adopted to functionalize distal C-H bonds, mechanistic insights within each of these procedures, and the scope of the methodology. With this review, we give a complete overview of the expeditious progress the distal C-H activation has made in the field of synthetic organic chemistry while also highlighting its pitfalls, thus leaving the field open for further synthetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudip Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jyoti Prasad Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sandip Porey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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16
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Carvalho RL, de Miranda AS, Nunes MP, Gomes RS, Jardim GAM, Júnior ENDS. On the application of 3d metals for C-H activation toward bioactive compounds: The key step for the synthesis of silver bullets. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1849-1938. [PMID: 34386103 PMCID: PMC8329403 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Several valuable biologically active molecules can be obtained through C-H activation processes. However, the use of expensive and not readily accessible catalysts complicates the process of pharmacological application of these compounds. A plausible way to overcome this issue is developing and using cheaper, more accessible, and equally effective catalysts. First-row transition (3d) metals have shown to be important catalysts in this matter. This review summarizes the use of 3d metal catalysts in C-H activation processes to obtain potentially (or proved) biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L Carvalho
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Amanda S de Miranda
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mateus P Nunes
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto S Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Guilherme A M Jardim
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Centre for Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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17
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van Leest N, de Bruin B. Revisiting the Electronic Structure of Cobalt Porphyrin Nitrene and Carbene Radicals with NEVPT2-CASSCF Calculations: Doublet versus Quartet Ground States. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8380-8387. [PMID: 34096281 PMCID: PMC8220492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt porphyrin complexes are established catalysts for carbene and nitrene radical group-transfer reactions. The key carbene and mono- and bisnitrene radical complexes coordinated to [Co(TPP)] (TPP = tetraphenylporphyrin) have previously been investigated with a variety of experimental techniques and supporting (single-reference) density functional theory (DFT) calculations that indicated doublet (S = 1/2) ground states for all three species. In this contribution, we revisit their electronic structures with multireference N-electron valence state perturbation theory (NEVPT2)-complete-active-space self-consistent-field (CASSCF) calculations to investigate possible multireference contributions to the ground-state wave functions. The carbene ([CoIII(TPP)(•CHCO2Et)]) and mononitrene ([CoIII(TPP)(•NNs)]) radical complexes were confirmed to have uncomplicated doublet ground states, although a higher carbene or nitrene radical character and a lower Co-C/N bond order was found in the NEVPT2-CASSCF calculations. Supported by electron paramagnetic resonance analysis and spin counting, paramagnetic molar susceptibility determination, and NEVPT2-CASSCF calculations, we report that the cobalt porphyrin bisnitrene complex ([CoIII(TPP•)(•NNs)2]) has a quartet (S = 3/2) spin ground state, with a thermally accesible multireference and multideterminant "broken-symmetry" doublet spin excited state. A spin flip on the porphyrin-centered unpaired electron allows for interconversion between the quartet and broken-symmetry doublet spin states, with an approximate 10-fold higher Boltzmann population of the quartet at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas
P. van Leest
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular
and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, Van ’t Hoff Institute for
Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular
and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, Van ’t Hoff Institute for
Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Roy S, Das SK, Khatua H, Das S, Singh KN, Chattopadhyay B. Iron‐Catalyzed Radical Activation Mechanism for Denitrogenative Rearrangement Over C(sp
3
)–H Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Roy
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Sandip Kumar Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Hillol Khatua
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Subrata Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Krishna Nand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
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19
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Roy S, Das SK, Khatua H, Das S, Singh KN, Chattopadhyay B. Iron-Catalyzed Radical Activation Mechanism for Denitrogenative Rearrangement Over C(sp 3 )-H Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8772-8780. [PMID: 33463874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An iron-catalyzed denitrogenative rearrangement of 1,2,3,4-tetrazole is developed over the competitive C(sp3 )-H amination. This catalytic rearrangement reaction follows an unprecedented metalloradical activation mechanism. Employing the developed method, a wide number of complex-N-heterocyclic product classes have been accessed. The synthetic utility of this radical activation method is showcased with the short synthesis of a bioactive molecule. Collectively, this discovery underlines the progress of radical activation strategy that should find wide application in the perspective of medicinal chemistry, drug discovery and natural product synthesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Roy
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, U.P., India.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, U.P., India
| | - Hillol Khatua
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, U.P., India
| | - Subrata Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, U.P., India
| | - Krishna Nand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, U.P., India
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20
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Lee J, Jin S, Kim D, Hong SH, Chang S. Cobalt-Catalyzed Intermolecular C-H Amidation of Unactivated Alkanes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5191-5200. [PMID: 33780628 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alkanes are an abundant and inexpensive source of hydrocarbons; thus, development of new methods to convert the hydrocarbon feedstocks to value-added chemicals is of high interest. However, it is challenging to achieve such transformation in a direct and selective manner mainly due to the intrinsic inertness of their C-H bonds. We herein report a tailored Cp*Co(III)(LX)-catalyzed efficient and site-selective intermolecular amidation of unactivated hydrocarbons including light alkanes. Electronic modulation of the cobalt complexes led to the enhanced amidation efficiency, and these effects were theoretically rationalized by the FMO analysis of presupposed cobalt nitrenoid species. Under the current cobalt protocol, a secondary C-H bond selectivity was observed in various nonactivated alkanes to reverse the intrinsic tertiary preference, which is attributed to the steric demands of the cobalt system that imposes difficulties in accessing tertiary C-H bonds. Experimental and computational studies suggested that the putative triplet Co nitrenoids are transferred to the C-H bonds of alkanes via a radical-like hydrogen abstraction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyo Lee
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seongho Jin
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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21
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Nie X, Yan Z, Ivlev S, Meggers E. Ruthenium Pybox-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular C-H Amination of Sulfamoyl Azides en Route to Chiral Vicinal Diamines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:750-761. [PMID: 33236905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective C(sp3)-H aminations allow an efficient access to nonracemic chiral amines. This work reports the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of chiral 1,2,5-thiadiazolidine-1,1-dioxides by an enantioselective ring-closing 1,5-C-H amination of sulfamoyl azides. The reaction is catalyzed by a recently introduced simple chiral ruthenium bis(oxazoline) (pybox) complex ( Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 12395) and provides cyclic 5-membered sulfamide products in up to 98% yield and up to 98% ee if the C-H bond is in a benzylic position. Mechanistic experiments support a stepwise mechanism in which an intermediate ruthenium nitrenoid species initiates a 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer followed by an immediate radical rebound. The cyclic sulfamide products are suitable intermediates for the synthesis of chiral vicinal diamines as has been verified for a representative example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Nie
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Zihan Yan
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sergei Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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22
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Shao Z, Wang F, Shi J, Ma L, Li Z. Synergetic copper/TEMPO-catalysed benzylic C–H imidation with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide at room temperature and tandem conversions with alcohols or arenes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00340b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A remote carbamate-directed benzylic C–H imidation with NFSI at room temperature through synergetic CuCl-TEMPO catalysis and tandem alkoxylation or arylation with alcohols or arenes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Jingqi Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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23
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Oda R, Nakata K. Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitutions of Benzylic Alcohols with Sulfamides. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoga Oda
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Shimane University 1060 Nishikawatsu Matsue Shimane 690-8504 Japan
| | - Kenya Nakata
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Shimane University 1060 Nishikawatsu Matsue Shimane 690-8504 Japan
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24
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Jin L, Wang Q, Chen X, Liu N, Fang X, Yang YF, She YB. Computational Studies on the Mechanism and Origin of the Different Regioselectivities of Manganese Porphyrin-Catalyzed C-H Bond Hydroxylation and Amidation of Equilenin Acetate. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14879-14889. [PMID: 33225704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The manganese porphyrin-catalyzed C-H bond hydroxylation and amidation of equilenin acetate developed by Breslow and his co-worker have been investigated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The hydroxylation of C(sp2)-H bond of equilenin acetate leading to the 6-hydroxylated product is more favorable than the hydroxylation of C(sp3)-H bond of equilenin acetate, leading to the 11β-hydroxylation product. The computational results suggest that the C(sp2)-H bond hydroxylation of equilenin acetate undergoes an oxygen-atom-transfer mechanism, which is more favorable than the C(sp3)-H bond hydroxylation undergoing the hydrogen-atom-abstraction/oxygen-rebound (HAA/OR) mechanism by 1.6 kcal/mol. That is why, the 6-hydroxylated product is the major product and the 11β-hydroxylated product is the minor product. In contrast, the 11β-amidated product is the only observed product in manganese porphyrin-catalyzed amidation reaction. The benzylic amidation undergoes a hydrogen-atom-abstraction/nitrogen-rebound (HAA/NR) mechanism, in which hydrogen atom abstraction is followed by nitrogen rebound, leading to the 11β-amidated product. The benzylic C(sp3)-H bond amidation at the C-11 position is more favorable than aromatic amidation at the C-6 position by 4.9 kcal/mol. Therefore, the DFT computational results are consistent with the experiments that manganese porphyrin-catalyzed C-H bond hydroxylation and amidation of equilenin acetate have different regioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Qunmin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiahe Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yuan-Bin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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25
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Das SK, Roy S, Khatua H, Chattopadhyay B. Iron-Catalyzed Amination of Strong Aliphatic C(sp 3)-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16211-16217. [PMID: 32893615 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A concept for intramolecular denitrogenative C(sp3)-H amination of 1,2,3,4-tetrazoles bearing unactivated primary, secondary, and tertiary C-H bonds is discovered. This catalytic amination follows an unprecedented metalloradical activation mechanism. The utility of the method is showcased with the short synthesis of a bioactive molecule. Moreover, an initial effort has been embarked on for the enantioselective C(sp3)-H amination through the catalyst design. Collectively, this study underlines the development of C(sp3)-H bond functionalization chemistry that should find wide application in the context of drug discovery and natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Kumar Das
- Center of Bio-Medical Research, Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyajit Roy
- Center of Bio-Medical Research, Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hillol Khatua
- Center of Bio-Medical Research, Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Center of Bio-Medical Research, Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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26
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Bian KJ, Li Y, Zhang KF, He Y, Wu TR, Wang CY, Wang XS. Iron-catalyzed remote functionalization of inert C(sp 3)-H bonds of alkenes via 1, n-hydrogen-atom-transfer by C-centered radical relay. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10437-10443. [PMID: 34123184 PMCID: PMC8162260 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03987j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an alternative approach to traditional C-H activation that often involved harsh conditions, and vicinal or primary C-H functionalization, radical relay offers a solution to these long-held problems. Enabled by 1,n (n = 5, 6)-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), we use a most prevalent moiety, alkene, as the precursor to an sp3 C-centered radical to promote selective cleavage of inert C(sp3)-H bonds for the generation of azidotrifluoromethylated molecules. Mild conditions, broad scope and excellent regioselective control (>20 : 1) are observed in the reactions. Deuterium labelling studies disclose the kinetic characteristics of the transformations and verify a direct 1,n-HAT pathway. The key to this C-centered radical relay is that iron plays a dual role as a radical initiator and terminator to incorporate the azide functionality through radical oxidation via azido-ligand-transfer. The methods and the later derivatization promise expeditious synthesis of CF3-containing organic azides, γ-lactam and triazoles that are widely used in designing new fluorescent tags and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jie Bian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Kai-Fan Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yan He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Tian-Rui Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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27
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Dong Y, Clarke RM, Porter GJ, Betley TA. Efficient C–H Amination Catalysis Using Nickel-Dipyrrin Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10996-11005. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Ryan M. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Gerard J. Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Theodore A. Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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28
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Wen X, Li X, Luo X, Wang W, Song S, Jiao N. Intramolecular Csp 3-H/C-C bond amination of alkyl azides for the selective synthesis of cyclic imines and tertiary amines. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4482-4487. [PMID: 34122906 PMCID: PMC8159442 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05522c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intramolecular Csp3–H and/or C–C bond amination is very important in modern organic synthesis due to its efficiency in the construction of diversified N-heterocycles. Herein, we report a novel intramolecular cyclization of alkyl azides for the synthesis of cyclic imines and tertiary amines through selective Csp3–H and/or C–C bond cleavage. Two C–N single bonds or a C
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N double bond are efficiently constructed in these transformations. The carbocation mechanism differs from the reported metal nitrene intermediates and therefore enables metal-free and new transformation. A novel intramolecular cyclization of alkyl azides for the synthesis of cyclic imines and tertiary amines has been developed. The aliphatic C–H or C–C bond was selectively cleaved with the efficient formation of two C–N single bonds or a CN double bond.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xinyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Weijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China .,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
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29
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Babar DA, Rode HB. Cobalt-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Imidazo[1,2-a
]pyridine with Aryl Iodides. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dattatraya A. Babar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad Telangana India
- CSIR-HRDC Campus; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Kamla Nehru Nagar 201001 Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Haridas B. Rode
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad Telangana India
- CSIR-HRDC Campus; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Kamla Nehru Nagar 201001 Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
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30
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Kumar G, Pradhan S, Chatterjee I. N‐Centered Radical Directed Remote C−H Bond Functionalization via Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:651-672. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Ropar Nangal Road, Rupnagar Punjab 140001 India
| | - Suman Pradhan
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Ropar Nangal Road, Rupnagar Punjab 140001 India
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Ropar Nangal Road, Rupnagar Punjab 140001 India
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31
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Chen AD, Herbort JH, Wappes EA, Nakafuku KM, Mustafa DN, Nagib DA. Radical cascade synthesis of azoles via tandem hydrogen atom transfer. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2479-2486. [PMID: 34084413 PMCID: PMC8157396 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06239d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A radical cascade strategy for the modular synthesis of five-membered heteroarenes (e.g. oxazoles, imidazoles) from feedstock reagents (e.g. alcohols, amines, nitriles) has been developed. This double C-H oxidation is enabled by in situ generated imidate and acyloxy radicals, which afford regio- and chemo-selective β C-H bis-functionalization. The broad synthetic utility of this tandem hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) approach to access azoles is included, along with experiments and computations that provide insight into the selectivity and mechanism of both HAT events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - James H Herbort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Ethan A Wappes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Kohki M Nakafuku
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Darsheed N Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - David A Nagib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
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32
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Liu Z, Lu Y, Guo J, Hu W, Dang Y, Wang ZX. DFT Mechanistic Account for the Site Selectivity of Electron-Rich C(sp 3)-H Bond in the Manganese-Catalyzed Aminations. Org Lett 2020; 22:453-457. [PMID: 31913046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
DFT study suggests that the C-H cleavage involved in the C(sp3)-H amination catalyzed by manganese perchlorophthalocyanine complex [MnIII(ClPc)]+ proceeds via hydride transfer (HYT), instead of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), thus elucidating why the reaction favors aminating the electron-rich C-H bond, rather than that with smaller bond dissociation energy preferred by HAT. Detailed analyses indicate the HYT actually occurs via concerted electron and hydrogen atom transfers and the redox-active ClPc ligand enables the HYT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jiandong Guo
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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33
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Elsby MR, Baker RT. Strategies and mechanisms of metal–ligand cooperativity in first-row transition metal complex catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8933-8987. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00509f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of metal–ligand cooperation (MLC) by transition metal bifunctional catalysts has emerged at the forefront of homogeneous catalysis science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Elsby
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - R. Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
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34
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Liu Y, You T, Wang HX, Tang Z, Zhou CY, Che CM. Iron- and cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions and their application in organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5310-5358. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the developments in iron and cobalt catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions with emphasis on their applications in organic synthesis, i.e. natural products and pharmaceuticals synthesis and/or modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhou Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
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35
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Dong Y, Lukens JT, Clarke RM, Zheng SL, Lancaster KM, Betley TA. Synthesis, characterization and C-H amination reactivity of nickel iminyl complexes. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1260-1268. [PMID: 34123250 PMCID: PMC8147896 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04879k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalation of the deprotonated dipyrrin (AdFL)Li with NiCl2(py)2 afforded the divalent Ni product (AdFL)NiCl(py)2 (1) (AdFL: 1,9-di(1-adamantyl)-5-perfluorophenyldipyrrin; py: pyridine). To generate a reactive synthon on which to explore oxidative group transfer, we used potassium graphite to reduce 1, affording the monovalent Ni synthon (AdFL)Ni(py) (2) and concomitant production of a stoichiometric equivalent of KCl and pyridine. Slow addition of mesityl- or 1-adamantylazide in benzene to 2 afforded the oxidized Ni complexes (AdFL)Ni(NMes) (3) and (AdFL)Ni(NAd) (4), respectively. Both 3 and 4 were characterized by multinuclear NMR, EPR, magnetometry, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, theoretical calculations, and X-ray absorption spectroscopies to provide a detailed electronic structure picture of the nitrenoid adducts. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) on the Ni reveals higher energy Ni 1s → 3d transitions (3: 8333.2 eV; 4: 8333.4 eV) than NiI or unambiguous NiII analogues. N K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy performed on 3 and 4 reveals a common low-energy absorption present only for 3 and 4 (395.4 eV) that was assigned via TDDFT as an N 1s promotion into a predominantly N-localized, singly occupied orbital, akin to metal-supported iminyl complexes reported for iron. On the continuum of imido (i.e., NR2−) to iminyl (i.e., 2NR−) formulations, the complexes are best described as NiII-bound iminyl species given the N K-edge and TDDFT results. Given the open-shell configuration (S = 1/2) of the iminyl adducts, we then examined their propensity to undergo nitrenoid-group transfer to organic substrates. The adamantyl complex 4 readily consumes 1,4-cyclohexadiene (CHD) via H-atom abstraction to afford the amide (AdFL)Ni(NHAd) (5), whereas no reaction was observed upon treatment of the mesityl variant 3 with excess amount of CHD over 3 hours. Toluene can be functionalized by 4 at room temperature, exclusively affording the N-1-adamantyl-benzylidene (6). Slow addition of the organoazide substrate (4-azidobutyl)benzene (7) with 2 exclusively forms 4-phenylbutanenitrile (8) as opposed to an intramolecular cyclized pyrrolidine, resulting from facile β-H elimination outcompeting H-atom abstraction from the benzylic position, followed by rapid H2-elimination from the intermediate Ni hydride ketimide intermediate. Nickel-supported nitrenoids exhibit iminyl character, as determined by multi-edge XAS and TDDFT analysis, demonstrate efficacy for C–H activation and nitrene transfer chemistry.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - James T Lukens
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Ryan M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
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36
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Michiyuki T, Komeyama K. Recent Advances in Four‐Coordinated Planar Cobalt Catalysis in Organic Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Michiyuki
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringHiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
| | - Kimihiro Komeyama
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringHiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
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37
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Short MA, Shehata MF, Sanders MA, Roizen JL. Sulfamides direct radical-mediated chlorination of aliphatic C-H bonds. Chem Sci 2019; 11:217-223. [PMID: 34040715 PMCID: PMC8132995 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03428e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the prevalence of aliphatic amines in bioactive small molecules, amine derivatives are opportune as directing groups. Herein, sulfamides serve as amine surrogates to guide intermolecular chlorine-transfer at γ-C(sp3) centers. This unusual position-selectivity arises because accessed sulfamidyl radical intermediates engage preferentially in otherwise rare 1,6-hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) processes through seven-membered transition states. The site-selectivity of C–H abstraction can be modulated by adjusting the steric and electronic properties of the sulfamide nitrogen substituents, an ability that has not been demonstrated with other substrate classes. The disclosed reaction relies on a light-initiated radical chain-propagation mechanism to oxidize C(sp3)–H bonds efficiently. Amine-anchored sulfamides direct radical-mediated chlorination of aliphatic C–H bonds. The site of C–H abstraction can be modulated by varying the sulfamide nitrogen substituents, a feature that has not been demonstrated with other substrate classes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Short
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry Box 90346 Durham North Carolina 27709-0354 USA
| | - Mina F Shehata
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry Box 90346 Durham North Carolina 27709-0354 USA
| | - Matthew A Sanders
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry Box 90346 Durham North Carolina 27709-0354 USA
| | - Jennifer L Roizen
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry Box 90346 Durham North Carolina 27709-0354 USA
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38
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Ford RL, Alt I, Jana N, Driver TG. Intramolecular Pd-Catalyzed Reductive Amination of Enolizable sp 3-C-H Bonds. Org Lett 2019; 21:8827-8831. [PMID: 31613113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed reductive cyclization of nitroarenes has been designed to construct sp3-C-NHAr bonds from sp3-C-H bonds by using an enolizable nucleophile to intercept a nitrosoarene intermediate. Exposure of ortho-substituted nitroarenes to 5 mol % of Pd(OAc)2 and 10 mol % of phenanthroline under 2 atm of CO constructs partially saturated 5-, 6-, or 7-membered N-heterocycles using α-pyridyl carboxylates, malonates, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, 1,3-diones, or difurans as the nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell L Ford
- Department of Chemistry , University at Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Isabel Alt
- Department of Chemistry , University at Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States.,Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , DE-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Navendu Jana
- Department of Chemistry , University at Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Tom G Driver
- Department of Chemistry , University at Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
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39
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Yang Y, Cho I, Qi X, Liu P, Arnold FH. An enzymatic platform for the asymmetric amination of primary, secondary and tertiary C(sp 3)-H bonds. Nat Chem 2019; 11:987-993. [PMID: 31611634 PMCID: PMC6998391 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability to selectively functionalize ubiquitous C-H bonds streamlines the construction of complex molecular architectures from easily available precursors. Here we report enzyme catalysts derived from a cytochrome P450 that use a nitrene transfer mechanism for the enantioselective amination of primary, secondary and tertiary C(sp3)-H bonds. These fully genetically encoded enzymes are produced and function in bacteria, where they can be optimized by directed evolution for a broad spectrum of enantioselective C(sp3)-H amination reactions. These catalysts can aminate a variety of benzylic, allylic and aliphatic C-H bonds in excellent enantioselectivity with access to either antipode of product. Enantioselective amination of primary C(sp3)-H bonds in substrates that bear geminal dimethyl substituents furnished chiral amines that feature a quaternary stereocentre. Moreover, these enzymes enabled the enantioconvergent transformation of racemic substrates that possess a tertiary C(sp3)-H bond to afford products that bear a tetrasubstituted stereocentre, a process that has eluded small-molecule catalysts. Further engineering allowed for the enantioselective construction of methyl-ethyl stereocentres, which is notoriously challenging in asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Inha Cho
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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40
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Roy S, Khatua H, Das SK, Chattopadhyay B. Iron(II)‐Based Metalloradical Activation: Switch from Traditional Click Chemistry to Denitrogenative Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11439-11443. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Roy
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Hillol Khatua
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Sandip Kumar Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
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41
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Kanegusuku ALG, Castanheiro T, Ayer SK, Roizen JL. Sulfamyl Radicals Direct Photoredox-Mediated Giese Reactions at Unactivated C(3)-H Bonds. Org Lett 2019; 21:6089-6095. [PMID: 31313933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-anchored sulfamate esters guide the alkylation of tertiary and secondary aliphatic C(3)-H bonds. The transformation proceeds directly from N-H bonds with a catalytic oxidant, a contrast to prior methods which have required preoxidation of the reactive nitrogen center, or employed stoichiometric amounts of strong oxidants to obtain the sulfamyl radical. These sulfamyl radicals template otherwise rare 1,6-hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) processes via seven-membered ring transition states to enable C(3)-H functionalization during Giese reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia L G Kanegusuku
- Duke University , Department of Chemistry , Box 90346, Durham , North Carolina 27708-0354 , United States
| | - Thomas Castanheiro
- Duke University , Department of Chemistry , Box 90346, Durham , North Carolina 27708-0354 , United States
| | - Suraj K Ayer
- Duke University , Department of Chemistry , Box 90346, Durham , North Carolina 27708-0354 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Roizen
- Duke University , Department of Chemistry , Box 90346, Durham , North Carolina 27708-0354 , United States
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42
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Lang K, Torker S, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Asymmetric Induction and Enantiodivergence in Catalytic Radical C-H Amination via Enantiodifferentiative H-Atom Abstraction and Stereoretentive Radical Substitution. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12388-12396. [PMID: 31280562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Control of enantioselectivity remains a major challenge in radical chemistry. The emergence of metalloradical catalysis (MRC) offers a conceptually new strategy for addressing this and other outstanding issues. Through the employment of D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrins as the supporting ligands, Co(II)-based MRC has enabled the development of new catalytic systems for asymmetric radical transformations with a unique profile of reactivity and selectivity. With the support of new-generation HuPhyrin chiral ligands whose cavity environment can be fine-tuned, the Co-centered d-radicals enable to address challenging issues that require exquisite control of fundamental radical processes. As showcased with asymmetric 1,5-C-H amination of sulfamoyl azides, the enantiocontrol of which has proven difficult, the judicious use of HuPhyrin ligand by tuning the bridge length and other remote nonchiral elements allows for controlling both the degree and sense of asymmetric induction in a systematic manner. This effort leads to successful development of new Co(II)-based catalytic systems that are highly effective for enantiodivergent radical 1,5-C-H amination, producing both enantiomers of the strained five-membered cyclic sulfamides with excellent enantioselectivities. Detailed deuterium-labeling studies, together with DFT computation, have revealed an unprecedented mode of asymmetric induction that consists of enantiodifferentiative H-atom abstraction and stereoretentive radical substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 , United States
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43
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Roy S, Khatua H, Das SK, Chattopadhyay B. Iron(II)‐Based Metalloradical Activation: Switch from Traditional Click Chemistry to Denitrogenative Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Roy
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Hillol Khatua
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Sandip Kumar Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
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Abstract
Reduction of (ArL)CoIIBr (ArL = 5-mesityl-1,9-(2,4,6-Ph3C6H2)dipyrrin) with potassium graphite afforded the novel CoI synthon (ArL)CoI. Treatment of (ArL)CoI with a stoichiometric amount of various alkyl azides (N3R) furnished three-coordinate CoIII alkyl imidos (ArL)Co(NR), as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (R: CMe2Bu, CMe2(CH2)2CHMe2). The exclusive formation of four-coordinate cobalt tetrazido complexes (ArL)Co(κ2-N4R2) was observed upon addition of excess azide, inhibiting any subsequent C-H amination. However, when a weak C-H bond is appended to the imido moiety, as in the case of (4-azido-4-methylpentyl)benzene, intramolecular C-H amination kinetically outcompetes formation of the corresponding tetrazene species to generate 2,2-dimethyl-5-phenylpyrrolidine in a catalytic fashion without requiring product sequestration. The imido (ArL)Co(NAd) exists in equilibrium in the presence of pyridine with a four-coordinate cobalt imido (ArL)Co(NAd)(py) ( Ka = 8.04 M-1), as determined by 1H NMR titration experiments. Kinetic studies revealed that pyridine binding slows down the formation of the tetrazido complex by blocking azide coordination to the CoIII imido. Further, (ArL)Co(NR)(py) displays enhanced C-H amination reactivity compared to that of the pyridine-free complex, enabling higher catalytic turnover numbers under milder conditions. The mechanism of C-H amination was probed via kinetic isotope effect experiments [ kH/ kD = 10.2(9)] and initial rate analysis with para-substituted azides, suggesting a two-step radical pathway. Lastly, the enhanced reactivity of (ArL)Co(NR)(py) can be correlated to a higher spin-state population, resulting in a decreased crystal field due to a geometry change upon pyridine coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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45
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Xiong MF, Ali A, Akram W, Zhang H, Si LP, Liu HY. Copper porphyrin as efficient catalysts for esterification of allyl sp3 C H bond with carboxylic acid. CATAL COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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46
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Babij NR, Boothe JR, McKenna GM, Fornwald RM, Wolfe JP. Stereocontrolled synthesis of bicyclic ureas and sulfamides via Pd-catalyzed alkene carboamination reactions. Tetrahedron 2019; 75:4228-4243. [PMID: 31866698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of bicyclic ureas and sulfamides via palladium-catalyzed alkene carboamination reactions between aryl/alkenyl halides/triflates and alkenes bearing pendant cyclic sulfamides and ureas is described. The substrates for these reactions are generated in 3-5 steps from commercially available materials, and products are obtained in good yield with up to >20:1 diastereoselectivity. The stereochemical outcome of the sulfamide alkene addition is consistent with a mechanism involving anti-aminopalladation of the alkene, whereas the stereochemical outcome of the urea alkene addition is consistent with a syn-aminopalladation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Babij
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Jordan R Boothe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Grace M McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Ryan M Fornwald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - John P Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
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47
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Abstract
Owing to the pervasiveness of hydroxyl groups in natural isolates, alcohol derivatives are alluring directing groups. Herein, an alcohol-derived sulfamate ester guides the light-initiated xanthylation of primary, secondary, or tertiary centers. This process enables formal directed deuteration, azidation, thiolation, and vinylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj K. Ayer
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708–0354, USA
| | - J. L. Roizen
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708–0354, USA
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Raebareli), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini
Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
| | - Anirban Mukherjee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Raebareli), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini
Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
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49
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Stateman LM, Wappes EA, Nakafuku KM, Edwards KM, Nagib DA. Catalytic β C-H amination via an imidate radical relay. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2693-2699. [PMID: 30996986 PMCID: PMC6419930 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05685d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An iodine-catalyzed strategy for β C–H amination of alcohols is enabled by a chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selective H-atom transfer mechanism.
The first catalytic strategy to harness imidate radicals for C–H functionalization has been developed. This iodine-catalyzed approach enables β C–H amination of alcohols by an imidate-mediated radical relay. In contrast to our first-generation, (super)stoichiometric protocol, this catalytic method enables faster and more efficient reactivity. Furthermore, lower oxidant concentration affords broader functional group tolerance, including alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, carbonyls, and heteroarenes. Mechanistic experiments interrogating the electronic nature of the key 1,5 H-atom transfer event are included, as well as probes for chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Stateman
- The Ohio State University , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA .
| | - Ethan A Wappes
- The Ohio State University , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA .
| | - Kohki M Nakafuku
- The Ohio State University , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA .
| | - Kara M Edwards
- The Ohio State University , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA .
| | - David A Nagib
- The Ohio State University , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA .
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50
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Li C, Lang K, Lu H, Hu Y, Cui X, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Catalytic Radical Process for Enantioselective Amination of C(sp 3 )-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16837-16841. [PMID: 30347505 PMCID: PMC6339699 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new catalytic radical system involving CoII -based metalloradical catalysis is effective in activating sulfamoyl azides for enantioselective radical 1,6-amination of C(sp3 )-H bonds, affording six-membered chiral heterocyclic sulfamides in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The CoII -catalyzed C-H amination features an unusual degree of functional-group tolerance and chemoselectivity. The unique reactivity and stereoselectivity is attributed to the underlying stepwise radical pathway. The resulting optically active cyclic sulfamides can be readily converted into synthetically useful chiral 1,3-diamine derivatives without loss in enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
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