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Sharma G, George Joy J, Sharma AR, Kim JC. Accelerated full-thickness skin wound tissue regeneration by self-crosslinked chitosan hydrogel films reinforced by oxidized CNC-AgNPs stabilized Pickering emulsion for quercetin delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:323. [PMID: 38849931 PMCID: PMC11162036 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-toxic self-crosslinked hydrogel films designed from biocompatible materials allow for controlled drug release and have gathered remarkable attention from healthcare professionals as wound dressing materials. Thus, in the current study the chitosan (CS) film is infused with oil-in-water Pickering emulsion (PE) loaded with bioactive compound quercetin (Qu) and stabilized by dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystal-silver nanoparticles (DCNC-AgNPs). The DCNC-AgNPs play a dual role in stabilizing PE and are involved in the self-crosslinking with CS films. Also, this film could combine the advantage of the controlled release and synergistic wound-healing effect of Qu and AgNPs. RESULTS The DCNC-AgNPs were synthesized using sodium periodate oxidation of CNC. The DCNC-AgNPs were used to stabilize oil-in-water PE loaded with Qu in its oil phase by high speed homogenization. Stable PEs were prepared by 20% v/v oil: water ratio with maximum encapsulation of Qu in the oil phase. The Qu-loaded PE was then added to CS solution (50% v/v) to prepare self-crosslinked films (CS-PE-Qu). After grafting CS films with PE, the surface and cross-sectional SEM images show an inter-penetrated network within the matrix between DCNC and CS due to the formation of a Schiff base bond between the reactive aldehyde groups of DCNC-AgNPs and amino groups of CS. Further, the addition of glycerol influenced the extensibility, swelling ratio, and drug release of the films. The fabricated CS-PE-Qu films were analyzed for their wound healing and tissue regeneration potential using cell scratch assay and full-thickness excisional skin wound model in mice. The as-fabricated CS-PE-Qu films showed great biocompatibility, increased HaCat cell migration, and promoted collagen synthesis in HDFa cells. In addition, the CS-PE-Qu films exhibited non-hemolysis and improved wound closure rate in mice compared to CS, CS-Qu, and CS-blank PE. The H&E staining of the wounded skin tissue indicated the wounded tissue regeneration in CS-PE-Qu films treated mice. CONCLUSION Results obtained here confirm the wound healing benefits of CS-PE-Qu films and project them as promising biocompatible material and well suited for full-thickness wound healing in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Science & Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jomon George Joy
- Department of Biomedical Science & Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, 24252, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science & Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Terescenco D, Savary G, Picard C, Hucher N. Topical pickering emulsion versus classical excipients: A study of the residual film on the human skin. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124130. [PMID: 38631484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The interest in Pickering emulsions is based on the possibility of replacing classical emulsifiers with solid particles. These emulsions are very attractive in the pharmaceutical field for their stability virtues and as a vehicle to deliver active ingredients. The study aimed to analyze the properties of the residual film of the Pickering emulsions on the human skin compared to conventional systems. For this project, three types of solid particles were used: titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and silicon dioxide. All of them are capable of stabilizing the oil/water interface and thus forming totally emulsified systems. To create an emulsion of reference, a classical surfactant was used as an excipient. Complementary systems containing both particles and the emulsifier were also analyzed. Then, a combined approach between physicochemical and biometrological in vivo analysis was employed. The study proved that Pickering emulsions stabilized by the metal oxides were distinct from the reference emulsion in terms of droplet sizes and organization, rheological and textural responses. Consequently, it impacted the properties of the residual film once the product was applied to the skin. The particle-stabilized emulsions formed a hydrophobic film counter to conventional excipients. Also, the Friction parameter (or the roughness of the film) was directly linked to the quantity of the particles used in the formulation and their perception on the skin surface. The use of the particles blurs the glossy effect of the oil phase. Finally, it was observed that the appearance of the residual film was impacted by the type of the particle, namely TiO2 and ZnO particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Terescenco
- Université Le Havre Normandie, Normandie Univ, URCOM UR 3221, F-76600 Le Havre, France.
| | - Geraldine Savary
- Université Le Havre Normandie, Normandie Univ, URCOM UR 3221, F-76600 Le Havre, France.
| | - Celine Picard
- Université Le Havre Normandie, Normandie Univ, URCOM UR 3221, F-76600 Le Havre, France.
| | - Nicolas Hucher
- Université Le Havre Normandie, Normandie Univ, URCOM UR 3221, F-76600 Le Havre, France.
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Lee S, Liang X, Kim JS, Yokota T, Fukuda K, Someya T. Permeable Bioelectronics toward Biointegrated Systems. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6543-6591. [PMID: 38728658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronics integrates electronics with biological organs, sustaining the natural functions of the organs. Organs dynamically interact with the external environment, managing internal equilibrium and responding to external stimuli. These interactions are crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Additionally, biological organs possess a soft and stretchable nature; encountering objects with differing properties can disrupt their function. Therefore, when electronic devices come into contact with biological objects, the permeability of these devices, enabling interactions and substance exchanges with the external environment, and the mechanical compliance are crucial for maintaining the inherent functionality of biological organs. This review discusses recent advancements in soft and permeable bioelectronics, emphasizing materials, structures, and a wide range of applications. The review also addresses current challenges and potential solutions, providing insights into the integration of electronics with biological organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Lee
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory & Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory & Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory & Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory & Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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4
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Okada K, Horii T, Yamaguchi Y, Son K, Hosoya N, Maeda S, Fujie T. Ultraconformable Capacitive Strain Sensor Utilizing Network Structure of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Wireless Body Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10427-10438. [PMID: 38375854 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Capture and real-time recording of precise body movements using strain sensors provide personal information for healthcare monitoring and management. To acquire this information, a sensor that conforms to curved irregular surfaces, including biological tissue, is desired to record complex body movements while acting like a second skin to avoid interference with the movements. In this study, we developed a thin-film-type capacitive strain sensor that is flexible and stretchable on the surface of a living body. We fabricated conductive polymeric ultrathin films ("nanosheets") comprising polystyrene-block-polybutadiene (SB) elastomers and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) (i.e., SWCNT-SB nanosheets) via gravure coating; the SWCNT-SB-coated nanosheets were used as the flexible electrode in a capacitive strain sensor. The dielectric (DE) layer was then prepared using the silicone elastomer Ecoflex 00-30 because its Young's modulus is comparable to that of the epidermis. The normalized capacitance changes (ΔC/C0) in the sensor increased with increasing tensile strain over a range from 0-100%, indicating that the proposed sensor can measure the strain of biological movements, including those of skin and blood vessels. To improve sensor conformability further, the effect of sensor thickness on the gauge factor (GF) was investigated using thinner DE layers by focusing on their flexural rigidity. As a result, the GF increased from 0.64 to 1.13 as the DE layer thickness decreased from 260 to 40 μm. Finally, we evaluated the fabricated sensor's signal stability and mechanical durability, including during wireless sensing when applied to human skin and a vascular model. The ΔC/C0 values varied in response to the bending motion of a finger, dilation of a blood vessel, and the swallowing movement of the throat. These results indicate that our capacitive strain sensor is conformable and functional on biological tissue to enable monitoring of dynamic biological movements (e.g., pulse rate and arterial dilation) without wearer discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Okada
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-50, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Horii
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-50, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yuya Yamaguchi
- Mechanical Dynamics Laboratory, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5, Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Kon Son
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-50, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosoya
- Mechanical Dynamics Laboratory, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5, Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Living Systems Materialogy (LiSM) Research Group, International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-23, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-50, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Living Systems Materialogy (LiSM) Research Group, International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-23, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Zhao X, Demchuk Z, Tian J, Luo J, Li B, Cao K, Sokolov AP, Hun D, Saito T, Cao PF. Ductile adhesive elastomers with force-triggered ultra-high adhesion strength. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:969-977. [PMID: 38053446 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01280h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Elastomers play a vital role in many forthcoming advanced technologies in which their adhesive properties determine materials' interface performance. Despite great success in improving the adhesive properties of elastomers, permanent adhesives tend to stick to the surfaces prematurely or result in poor contact depending on the installation method. Thus, elastomers with on-demand adhesion that is not limited to being triggered by UV light or heat, which may not be practical for scenarios that do not allow an additional external source, provide a solution to various challenges in conventional adhesive elastomers. Herein, we report a novel, ready-to-use, ultra high-strength, ductile adhesive elastomer with an on-demand adhesion feature that can be easily triggered by a compression force. The precursor is mainly composed of a capsule-separated, two-component curing system. After a force-trigger and curing process, the ductile adhesive elastomer exhibits a peel strength and a lap shear strength of 1.2 × 104 N m-1 and 7.8 × 103 kPa, respectively, which exceed the reported values for advanced ductile adhesive elastomers. The ultra-high adhesion force is attributed to the excellent surface contact of the liquid-like precursor and to the high elastic modulus of the cured elastomer that is reinforced by a two-phase design. Incorporation of such on-demand adhesion into an elastomer enables a controlled delay between installation and curing so that these can take place under their individual ideal conditions, effectively reducing the energy cost, preventing failures, and improving installation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Zoriana Demchuk
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Jia Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jiancheng Luo
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Bingrui Li
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Ke Cao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Alexei P Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Diana Hun
- Buildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Peng-Fei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Bao Z, Ding S, Dai Z, Wang Y, Jia J, Shen S, Yin Y, Li X. Significantly enhanced high-temperature capacitive energy storage in cyclic olefin copolymer dielectric films via ultraviolet irradiation. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:2120-2127. [PMID: 36946201 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00078h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymer dielectrics with high operation temperature (∼150 °C) and excellent capacitive energy storage performance are vital for electric power systems and advanced electronic devices. Here, a very convenient and competitive strategy by preparing ultraviolet-irradiated cyclic olefin copolymer films is demonstrated to be effective in improving the energy storage performance at high temperatures. Compared with the unirradiated film, irradiated films exhibit a higher dielectric constant, higher breakdown strength and stronger mechanical properties as a result of the emergence of the carbonyl group and cross-linking network. Consequently, with a high efficiency above 95%, a superior discharged energy density of ∼3.34 J cm-3 is achieved at 150 °C, surpassing the current dielectric polymers and polymer nanocomposites. In particular, the energy storage performance remains highly reliable over 20 000 cycles under actual operating conditions (200 MV m-1 at 150 °C) in hybrid electric vehicles. This research offers a valuable pathway to build high-energy-density polymer-based capacitor devices working under harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Bao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Song Ding
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Zhizhan Dai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jiangheng Jia
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shengchun Shen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yuewei Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Emanet M, Okuda M, Şen Ö, Lavarello C, Petretto A, Takeoka S, Ciofani G. Sumac ( Rhus coriaria) Extract-Loaded Polymeric Nanosheets Efficiently Protect Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Oxidative Stress. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5901-5910. [PMID: 36426992 PMCID: PMC9768808 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Under healthy physiological conditions, living organisms possess a variety of antioxidant mechanisms to scavenge overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, under pathological circumstances, endogenous antioxidant systems may not be adequate to eliminate the excessive amount of oxidants, and thus, a continuous exogenous antioxidant income is required. In this regard, sumac (Rhus coriaria) extract is a good candidate for therapeutic applications, because of its high content of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds. In this work, sumac extract-loaded nanosheets (sumac-nanosheet) have been exploited for loading and controlled release of sumac extract, envisioning topical drug delivery applications. Sumac extract has been obtained through the solvent extraction method, and polymeric nanosheets have been thereafter prepared through the spin coating-assisted layer-by-layer deposition of polycaprolactone (PCL), sumac extract, and poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA). The collected data show a rich content of the sumac extract in terms of polyphenolic compounds, as well as its strong antioxidant properties. Moreover, for the first time in the literature, we demonstrated the possibility of efficiently loading such extract in polymeric nanosheets and the suitability of this nanoplatform as a reactive oxygen species scavenger in human dermal fibroblasts treated with a pro-oxidant insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Emanet
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
- Waseda
University, Waseda Research
Institute for Science and Engineering, 3-4-1 Okubo, 169-8555Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Okuda
- Waseda
University, Department of Life Science and
Medical Bioscience, 2-2
Wakamatsu, 162-8480Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Özlem Şen
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Lavarello
- IRCCS
Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Core Facilities-Clinical
Proteomics and Metabolomics, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- IRCCS
Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Core Facilities-Clinical
Proteomics and Metabolomics, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147Genova, Italy
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Waseda
University, Waseda Research
Institute for Science and Engineering, 3-4-1 Okubo, 169-8555Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Waseda
University, Department of Life Science and
Medical Bioscience, 2-2
Wakamatsu, 162-8480Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
- Waseda
University, Waseda Research
Institute for Science and Engineering, 3-4-1 Okubo, 169-8555Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Saito M, Ito K, Yokoyama H. Film thickness and strain rate dependences of the mechanical properties of polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-polystyrene block copolymer ultrathin films forming a spherical domain. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Cyriac F, Tee XY, Chow PS. Influence of wall slip, thixotropy, and lubrication regime on the instrumental sensory evaluation of topical formulations. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:271-288. [PMID: 35357712 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drawing parallels from rheo-tribology can be used to develop a robust instrumental protocol for non-subjective characterization, product development and design of topical dosage forms with desired sensory attributes. However, instrumental characterization of cosmetic products can be influenced by the measurement protocol, thixotropy, flow anomalies like shear banding or wall slip and nature of the film formed on the skin surface. In this study, we evaluated the influence of above parameters on the instrumental sensory evaluation of twelve topical formulations of different galenic forms. METHODS Oscillatory strain sweep measurements (SAOS and LAOS) were performed to investigate the influence of frequency and wall slip on the material parameters. The textural attributes at different consumer touch points were evaluated by accounting time dependent simulation of visco-elastic flow. Further, the influence of film thickness and sample drying on the tactile properties of the topical formulations were studied on a non-biological skin model using a sliding probe tribometer. RESULTS The study shows that the flow properties of the semi-solid formulations depend on the time scale of the problem. A few formulations exhibited wall slip to varying degrees in the linear visco-elastic regime where the behaviour was found not to be characteristic of a particular topical dosage form. The material functions obtained from the Lissajous plots suggest that the non-linear flow behavior of different galenic forms is least influenced by the boundary conditions imposed by the measurement geometry. The results were statistically analyzed using principal component analysis where the attributes used for discriminating skin creams during pick-up and rub out are found to be closely associated with non-linear rheology. The friction coefficient exhibited speed dependence where it formed different parametric group with rheological data depending on the lubrication regime. CONCLUSION The study highlights that correlations are possible among rheological, tribological, and instrumental textural analysis data, which can act an impetus for the development of models to predict attributes that drive perception at different consumer touch points. However, the choice of instrumental settings, anomalies associated with rheological measurements and friction dependence on a number of parameters can influence the model prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febin Cyriac
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Rd, Singapore, 627833
| | - Xin Yi Tee
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Rd, Singapore, 627833
| | - Pui Shan Chow
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Rd, Singapore, 627833
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Robust, self-adhesive, reinforced polymeric nanofilms enabling gas-permeable dry electrodes for long-term application. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2111904118. [PMID: 34518214 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111904118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust polymeric nanofilms can be used to construct gas-permeable soft electronics that can directly adhere to soft biological tissue for continuous, long-term biosignal monitoring. However, it is challenging to fabricate gas-permeable dry electrodes that can self-adhere to the human skin and retain their functionality for long-term (>1 d) health monitoring. We have succeeded in developing an extraordinarily robust, self-adhesive, gas-permeable nanofilm with a thickness of only 95 nm. It exhibits an extremely high skin adhesion energy per unit area of 159 μJ/cm2 The nanofilm can self-adhere to the human skin by van der Waals forces alone, for 1 wk, without any adhesive materials or tapes. The nanofilm is ultradurable, and it can support liquids that are 79,000 times heavier than its own weight with a tensile stress of 7.82 MPa. The advantageous features of its thinness, self-adhesiveness, and robustness enable a gas-permeable dry electrode comprising of a nanofilm and an Au layer, resulting in a continuous monitoring of electrocardiogram signals with a high signal-to-noise ratio (34 dB) for 1 wk.
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Ozmen GC, Safaei M, Lan L, Inan OT. A Novel Accelerometer Mounting Method for Sensing Performance Improvement in Acoustic Measurements From the Knee. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS 2021; 143:031006. [PMID: 34168416 PMCID: PMC8208483 DOI: 10.1115/1.4048554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a new mounting method to improve accelerometer sensing performance in the 50 Hz-10 kHz frequency band for knee sound measurement. The proposed method includes a thin double-sided adhesive tape for mounting and a 3D-printed custom-designed backing prototype. In our mechanical setup with an electrodynamic shaker, the measurements showed a 13 dB increase in the accelerometer's sensing performance in the 1-10 kHz frequency band when it is mounted with the craft tape under 2 N backing force applied through low-friction tape. As a proof-of-concept study, knee sounds of healthy subjects (n = 10) were recorded. When the backing force was applied, we observed statistically significant (p < 0.01) incremental changes in spectral centroid, spectral roll-off frequencies, and high-frequency (1-10 kHz) root-mean-square (RMS) acceleration, while low-frequency (50 Hz-1 kHz) RMS acceleration remained unchanged. The mean spectral centroid and spectral roll-off frequencies increased from 0.8 kHz and 4.15 kHz to 1.35 kHz and 5.9 kHz, respectively. The mean high-frequency acceleration increased from 0.45 mgRMS to 0.9 mgRMS with backing. We showed that the backing force improves the sensing performance of the accelerometer when mounted with the craft tape and the proposed backing prototype. This new method has the potential to be implemented in today's wearable systems to improve the sensing performance of accelerometers in knee sound measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goktug C. Ozmen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Lan Lan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Omer T. Inan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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13
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Poret F, Cordinier A, Hucher N, Grisel M, Savary G. Impact of the synergistic interaction between xanthan and galactomannan on the stickiness properties of residual film after application on a surface. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117500. [PMID: 33436254 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the influence of synergism between xanthan gum (X) and galactomannans (guar gum (G) and locust bean gum (L)) on the stickiness of the film formed after the application of polysaccharides on a surface. The adhesion of the film was evaluated using a texture analyzer. X, G, and L were examined in concentrated solutions (0.5, 1 and 1.5 %, w/w) and as a function of the gums mixing ratios (0/100, 20/80, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, 80/20 and 100/0). The film stickiness increased significantly with gum concentration with G exhibiting less sticky films than with X and L. The binary mixture of X/G and X/L confirmed a synergistic interaction, increasing the firmness of mixtures and decreasing the film stickiness. Such findings open interesting applications for skincare product development using natural texturing agents with enhanced consistency with the residual film on the skin being pleasant and not sticky.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustine Poret
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, EA 3221, 25 rue Philippe, Lebon BP 1123, 76063 Le Havre Cedex, France.
| | - Alexandre Cordinier
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, EA 3221, 25 rue Philippe, Lebon BP 1123, 76063 Le Havre Cedex, France.
| | - Nicolas Hucher
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, EA 3221, 25 rue Philippe, Lebon BP 1123, 76063 Le Havre Cedex, France.
| | - Michel Grisel
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, EA 3221, 25 rue Philippe, Lebon BP 1123, 76063 Le Havre Cedex, France.
| | - Géraldine Savary
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, EA 3221, 25 rue Philippe, Lebon BP 1123, 76063 Le Havre Cedex, France.
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14
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Gore E, Picard C, Savary G. Complementary approaches to understand the spreading behavior on skin of O/W emulsions containing different emollientss. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Kim S, Lee J, Han H. Synthesis of UV Curable, Highly Stretchable, Transparent Poly(urethane-acrylate) Elastomer and Applications Toward Next Generation Technology. Macromol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Mihara S, Lee HL, Takeoka S. Electrocardiogram measurements in water using poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) nanosheets waterproofed by polyurethane film. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 10:628-635. [PMID: 33398239 PMCID: PMC7773021 DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2020.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Waterproof bioelectrodes enable long-term biological monitoring and the assessment of performances of athletes in water. Existing gel electrodes change their electrical properties even when covered with a waterproof film. Here, the authors present the poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS) bi-layer nanosheet and waterproof film for a comfortable waterproof bioelectrode. PEDOT:PSS/SBS is fully foldable with a conductivity loss of only 5%. This foldable nanosheet electrode provides a reliable electrical connection between the skin and the wire. The waterproof film-covered bioelectrode enables continuous monitoring of electrocardiograms in water, showing a signal-to-noise ratio of 21.5 dB for the R wave and 17.5 dB for the T wave, comparable to atmospheric measurements, and sensing a change in heart rate from 79 to 131 bpm during bathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Mihara
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555 Japan
| | - Hui-Lin Lee
- School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, 500 Dover Road, Singapore, 139651 Singapore
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555 Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555 Japan
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17
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Yamagishi K, Takeoka S, Fujie T. Printed nanofilms mechanically conforming to living bodies. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:520-531. [PMID: 30648703 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01290c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is anticipated that flexible wearable/implantable devices for biomedical applications will be established for the development of medical diagnostics and therapeutics. However, these devices need to be compatible with the physical and mechanical properties of the living body. In this minireview, we introduce free-standing polymer ultra-thin films (referred to as "polymer nanosheets"), for which a variety of polymers can be selected as building blocks (e.g., biodegradable polymers, conductive polymers, and elastomers), as a platform for flexible biomedical devices that are mechanically compatible with the living body, and then we demonstrate the use of "printed nanofilms" by combining nanosheets and printing technologies with a variety of inks represented by drugs, conductive nanomaterials, chemical dyes, bio-mimetic polymers, and cells. Owing to the low flexural rigidity (<10-2 nN m) of the polymer nanosheets, which is within the range of living brain slices (per unit width), the flexible printed nanofilms realize bio-integrated structure and display various functions with unique inks that continually monitor or detect biological activities, such as performing surface electromyography, measuring epidermal strain, imaging tissue temperature, organizing cells, and treating lesions in wounds and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Yamagishi
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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18
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Hasebe A, Suematsu Y, Takeoka S, Mazzocchi T, Vannozzi L, Ricotti L, Fujie T. Biohybrid Actuators Based on Skeletal Muscle-Powered Microgrooved Ultrathin Films Consisting of Poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene). ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5734-5743. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arihiro Hasebe
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Suematsu
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Tommaso Mazzocchi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vannozzi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8, Honcho,
Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-50, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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19
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Hatakeyama-Sato K, Wakamatsu H, Yamagishi K, Fujie T, Takeoka S, Oyaizu K, Nishide H. Ultrathin and Stretchable Rechargeable Devices with Organic Polymer Nanosheets Conformable to Skin Surface. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805296. [PMID: 30730109 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin flexible electronic devices have been attracting substantial attention for biomonitoring, display, wireless communication, and many other ubiquitous applications. In this article, organic robust redox-active polymer/carbon nanotube hybrid nanosheets with thickness of just 100 nm are reported as power sources for ultrathin devices conformable to skin. Regardless of the extreme thinness of the electrodes, a moderately large current density of 0.4 mA cm-2 is achieved due to the high output of the polymers (>10 A g-1 ). For the first time, the use of mechanically robust yet intrinsically soft electrodes and polymer nanosheet sealing leads to the fabrication of rechargeable devices with only 1-µm thickness and even with stretchable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Hatakeyama-Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hisato Wakamatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kento Yamagishi
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oyaizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
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20
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Eudier F, Savary G, Grisel M, Picard C. Skin surface physico-chemistry: Characteristics, methods of measurement, influencing factors and future developments. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 264:11-27. [PMID: 30611935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Physico-chemical properties such as surface free energy, polarity or hydrophobicity of solid surfaces have been largely studied in literature because they are involved in many physical phenomena: adhesion, friction, wetting … Nowadays, the study of biointerfaces is of great interest for the medical, the pharmaceutical or the cosmetic field but also for material design researches, especially for the development of biomimetic surfaces. The present paper focuses on a particular biointerface, namely skin, which is the most extended organ of the human body. The different ways for the study of skin physico-chemistry are first reviewed, followed by their practical uses, from pharmaceutical to cosmetic science. Those properties depict the ways skin interacts with topical products, its lipid composition but also its hydration state. In addition, this article aims to present recent approaches using original model materials in order to mimic human skin; indeed, in vivo experiments are often limited by the inter and intra individual variability, the safety regulation and above all the time and the cost of such studies. Finally, further data clearly highlight the importance of skin surface properties for dermatological and pharmaceutical researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florine Eudier
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, EA 3221, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Géraldine Savary
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, EA 3221, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Michel Grisel
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, EA 3221, 76600 Le Havre, France.
| | - Céline Picard
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, EA 3221, 76600 Le Havre, France.
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21
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Eudier F, Hirel D, Grisel M, Picard C, Savary G. Prediction of residual film perception of cosmetic products using an instrumental method and non-biological surfaces: The example of stickiness after skin application. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 174:181-188. [PMID: 30458369 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of sensory texture attributes using instrumental measurements is a very important challenge for cosmetic industry because in vivo sensory studies are expensive, time consuming and limited by the safety issue of applied products. The aim of this work is to investigate how residual sensory properties of cosmetic products can be predicted without using a panel of assessors, focusing on the residual film attribute "Stickiness". 10 cosmetic products with different galenics have been selected and evaluated in vivo using a classical sensory protocol, developed according to the Spectrum™ Descriptive Analysis method. In addition to this study, products were evaluated after their application on non-biological skin models in order to compare perceptions onto in vivo skin and artificial surfaces. Results obtained show that in vivo perceptions can be compared with the ones on artificial surfaces meaning that residual film stickiness is similar between in vivo skin and non-biological skin models. An instrumental protocol using a texture analyzer has been set up to evaluate residual film adhesiveness. This protocol has been tested and validated in vivo (r²adjusted = 0.90; RPD = 3.07) before being optimized on a selected non-biological skin model Bioskin® (Beaulax, Co. Ltd. Tokyo, Japan) owning good correlation with in vivo perceptions. Established model shows excellent predictive ability with a r²adjusted of 0.94 and a RPD of 3.38, as highlighted by the 4 steps cross-validation performed. It proves that physical stimulus responsible for cosmetic film stickiness can be instrumentally measured on both in vivo skin and artificial skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florine Eudier
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, EA 3221, 25 rue Philippe Lebon BP 1123, 76063 Le Havre cedex, France
| | - Déborah Hirel
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, EA 3221, 25 rue Philippe Lebon BP 1123, 76063 Le Havre cedex, France
| | - Michel Grisel
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, EA 3221, 25 rue Philippe Lebon BP 1123, 76063 Le Havre cedex, France
| | - Céline Picard
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, EA 3221, 25 rue Philippe Lebon BP 1123, 76063 Le Havre cedex, France
| | - Géraldine Savary
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, EA 3221, 25 rue Philippe Lebon BP 1123, 76063 Le Havre cedex, France.
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22
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Kim JH, Kim SR, Kil HJ, Kim YC, Park JW. Highly Conformable, Transparent Electrodes for Epidermal Electronics. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4531-4540. [PMID: 29923729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present a highly conformable, stretchable, and transparent electrode for application in epidermal electronics based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Ag nanowire (AgNW) networks. With the addition of a small amount of a commercially available nonionic surfactant, Triton X, PDMS became highly adhesive and mechanically compliant, key factors for the development of conformable and stretchable substrates. The polar functional groups present in Triton X interacted with the Pt catalyst present in the PDMS curing agent, thereby hindering the cross-linking reaction of PDMS and modulating the mechanical properties of the polymer. Due to the strong interactions that occur between the polar functional groups of Triton X and AgNWs, AgNWs were effectively embedded in the adhesive PDMS (a-PDMS) matrix, and the highly enhanced conformability, mechanical stretchability, and transparency of the a-PDMS matrix were maintained in the resulting AgNW-embedded a-PDMS matrix. Finally, wearable strain and electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors were fabricated from the AgNW-embedded a-PDMS. The a-PDMS-based strain and ECG sensors exhibited significantly improved sensing performances compared with those of the bare PDMS-based sensors because of the better stretchability and conformability to the skin of the former sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Seung-Rok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Hye-Jun Kil
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
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23
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Ricotti L, Fujie T. Thin polymeric films for building biohybrid microrobots. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2017; 12:021001. [PMID: 28263945 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/aa5e5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to describe the disruptive potential that polymeric thin films have in the field of biohybrid devices and to review the recent efforts in this area. Thin (thickness < 1 mm) and ultra-thin (thickness < 1 µm) matrices possess a series of intriguing features, such as large surface area/volume ratio, high flexibility, chemical and physical surface tailorability, etc. This enables the fabrication of advanced bio/non-bio interfaces able to efficiently drive cell-material interactions, which are the key for optimizing biohybrid device performances. Thin films can thus represent suitable platforms on which living and artificial elements are coupled, with the aim of exploiting the unique features of living cells/tissues. This may allow to carry out certain tasks, not achievable with fully artificial technologies. In the paper, after a description of the desirable chemical/physical cues to be targeted and of the fabrication, functionalization and characterization procedures to be used for thin and ultra-thin films, the state-of-the-art of biohybrid microrobots based on micro/nano-membranes are described and discussed. The research efforts in this field are rather recent and they focus on: (1) self-beating cells (such as cardiomyocytes) able to induce a relatively large deformation of the underlying substrates, but affected by a limited controllability by external users; (2) skeletal muscle cells, more difficult to engineer in mature and functional contractile tissues, but featured by a higher controllability. In this context, the different materials used and the performances achieved are analyzed. Despite recent interesting advancements and signs of maturity of this research field, important scientific and technological steps are still needed. In the paper some possible future perspectives are described, mainly concerning thin film manipulation and assembly in multilayer 3D systems, new advanced materials to be used for the fabrication of thin films, cell engineering opportunities and modelling/computational efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera (Pisa), Italy
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