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Zhang Z, Zhu J, Liu Y, Shao J, Xie S. Effects of cell deformability and adhesion strength on dynamic cell seeding: Cell-scale investigation via mesoscopic modeling. J Biomech 2023; 153:111589. [PMID: 37137273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The flow of cell suspension through a porous scaffold is a common process in dynamic cell seeding, which determines the initial distribution of cells for constructing tissue-engineered grafts. Physical insights into the transport and adhesion behaviors of cells in this process are of great significance to the precise control of cell density and its distribution in the scaffold. Revealing of dynamic mechanisms underlying these cell behaviors through experiments is still difficult. The numerical approach therefore plays an important role in such studies. However, existing studies have mostly focused on external factors (e.g., flow conditions and scaffold architecture) but ignored the intrinsic biomechanical properties of cells as well as their associated effects. The present work utilized a well-established mesoscopic model to simulate the dynamic cell seeding within a porous scaffold, based on which a thorough investigation of the effects of cell deformability and cell-scaffold adhesion strength on the seeding process was carried out. The results show that the increase in either the stiffness or the bond strength of cells would augment the firm-adhesion rate and thus enhance seeding efficiency. In comparison to cell deformability, bond strength seems to play a more dominant role. Especially in the cases with weak bond strength, remarkable losses of seeding efficiency and distribution uniformity are observed. Noteworthily, it is found that both the firm-adhesion rate and the seeding efficiency are quantiatively related to the adhesion strength which is measured as the detachment force, suggesting a straightforward way to estimate the seeding outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Junwei Zhu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Jiaru Shao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China.
| | - Shuangyi Xie
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
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2
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Rizvi MS, Farutin A, Misbah C. Flow driven vesicle unbinding under mechanosensitive adhesion. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:1209-1218. [PMID: 35040467 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01284c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ligand receptor based adhesion is the primary mode of interaction of cellular blood constituents with the endothelium. These adhered entities also experience shear flow imposed by the blood which may lead to their detachment due to the viscous lift forces. Here, we have studied the role of the ligand-receptor bond kinetics in the detachment of an adhered vesicle (a simplified cell model) under shear flow. Using boundary integral formulation we performed numerical simulation of a two dimensional vesicle under shear flow for different values of applied shear rates and time scale of bond kinetics. We observe that the vesicle demonstrates three steady state configurations - adhered, pinned and detached for fast enough ligand-receptor kinetics (akin to Lennard-Jones adhesion). However, for slow bond kinetics the pinned state is not observed. We present scaling laws for the critical shear rates corresponding to the transitions among these three states. These results can help with identifying the processes of cell adhesion/detachment in the blood stream, prevalent features during the immune response and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Suhail Rizvi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, Telangana, India.
| | - Alexander Farutin
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Chaouqi Misbah
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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Tian Y, Liang H, Dobrynin AV. Elastocapillarity and rolling dynamics of solid nanoparticles on soft elastic substrates. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2230-2237. [PMID: 31998920 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02280e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The motion of nanoparticles on soft surfaces is the result of interplay between capillary, elastic and friction forces. To elucidate the importance of the different contributions controlling nanoparticle rolling dynamics on soft surfaces, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of solid nanoparticles in contact with soft elastic substrates. The nanoparticle motion is initiated by applying a constant force resulting in stationary, steady rolling, and accelerating states, depending on the nanoparticle-substrate work of adhesion, W, the magnitude of the net applied force, F, and the substrate shear modulus G. In the stationary state, the restoring torque produced in the contact area balances the torque due to the external force. The rolling force Fr, determining the crossover to the rolling state, is proportional to the product of the work of adhesion W and nanoparticle size Rp, Fr ∼ WRp. In the steady rolling state, F > Fr, the nanoparticle maintains a constant rolling velocity which is a manifestation of the balance between the rolling friction force and the applied force. The observed scaling relationships between the applied force and nanoparticle velocity reflect a viscoelastic nature of the substrate deformation dynamics. A nanoparticle begins to accelerate when the energy supplied to the nanoparticle exceeds the energy dissipated in the contact area due to viscoelastic substrate deformation. Using these simulation results, we have constructed a diagram of states in terms of the dimensionless parameters F/WRp and W/GRp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
| | - Heyi Liang
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
| | - Andrey V Dobrynin
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
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A 3D computational model of perfusion seeding for investigating cell transport and adhesion within a porous scaffold. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 19:1461-1475. [PMID: 31900653 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The process of cell seeding within a porous scaffold is an essential first step in the development of tissue-engineered bone grafts. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of cell distribution and adhesion is fundamental for the design and optimization of the seeding process. To that end, we present a numerical model to investigate the perfusion cell seeding process that incorporates cell mechanics, cell-fluid interaction, and cell-scaffold adhesion. The individual cells are modeled as deformable spherical capsules capable of adhering to the scaffold surface as well as to other cells with probabilistic bond formation and rupture. The mechanical deformation of the cell is calibrated with the stretching of mice mesenchymal stem cells induced by optical tweezers, while the predicted adhesive forces are consistent with the experimental data reported in the literature. A sub-domain is numerically reconstructed as the region of interest (ROI) which is representative of an actual scaffold. Through the simulations, the perfusion seeding kinetics within the ROI involving detailed transport and adhesion of cells over time is analyzed. The effects of the perfusion pressure and initial cell concentration on the seeding kinetics are studied in terms of adhesion rates, cell cluster formation, seeding uniformity, and efficiency, as well as scaffold permeability. The results highlight the importance of cell-fluid interaction and adhesion dynamics in modeling the dynamic seeding process. This bottom-up model provides a way to bridge detailed behaviors of individual cells to the seeding outcomes at the macroscopic scale, allowing for finding the best configuration to enhance cell seeding.
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Zhang Z, Du J, Wei Z, Chen Z, Shu C, Wang Z, Li M. Numerical investigation of adhesion dynamics of a deformable cell pair on an adhesive substrate in shear flow. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:033111. [PMID: 31640031 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.033111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion dynamics of cells is of great value to biological systems and adhesion-based biomedical applications. Although adhesion of a single cell or capsule has been widely studied, physical insights into the adhesion dynamics of aggregates containing two or more cells remain elusive. In this paper, we numerically investigate the dynamic adhesion of a deformable cell pair to a flat substrate under shear flow. Specifically, the immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method is utilized as the flow solver, and the stochastic receptor-ligand kinetics model is implemented to recover cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesive interactions. Special attention is paid to the roles of the cell deformability and adhesion strengths in cellular motion. Four distinct adhesion states, namely, rolling, tumbling, firm adhesion, and detachment, are identified and presented in phase diagrams as a function of the adhesion strengths for cell pairs with different deformabilities. The simulation results suggest that both the cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion strengths act as the resistance to the rolling motion, and dominate the transition among various adhesion states. The cell deformability not only enhances the resistance effect, but also contributes to detachment or fast tumbling of the cell pair. These findings enrich the understanding of adhesion dynamics of cell aggregates, which could shed light on complex adhesion processes and provide instructions in developing adhesion-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Jun Du
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengying Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Xi-Jing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Xi-Jing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
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Dasanna AK, Fedosov DA, Gompper G, Schwarz US. State diagram for wall adhesion of red blood cells in shear flow: from crawling to flipping. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5511-5520. [PMID: 31241632 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00677j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells in shear flow show a variety of different shapes due to the complex interplay between hydrodynamics and membrane elasticity. Malaria-infected red blood cells become generally adhesive and less deformable. Adhesion to a substrate leads to a reduction in shape variability and to a flipping motion of the non-spherical shapes during the mid-stage of infection. Here, we present a complete state diagram for wall adhesion of red blood cells in shear flow obtained by simulations, using a particle-based mesoscale hydrodynamics approach, multiparticle collision dynamics. We find that cell flipping at a substrate is replaced by crawling beyond a critical shear rate, which increases with both membrane stiffness and viscosity contrast between the cytosol and suspending medium. This change in cell dynamics resembles the transition between tumbling and tank-treading for red blood cells in free shear flow. In the context of malaria infections, the flipping-crawling transition would strongly increase the adhesive interactions with the vascular endothelium, but might be suppressed by the combined effect of increased elasticity and viscosity contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Dasanna
- BioQuant and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. and Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dmitry A Fedosov
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Gompper
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- BioQuant and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Dasanna AK, Schwarz US. Adhesion-based sorting of blood cells: an adhesive dynamics simulation study. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:9061-9070. [PMID: 30394471 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01524d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood cells can be sorted in microfluidic devices not only based on their sizes and deformability, but also based on their adhesive properties. In particular, white blood cells have been shown to be sorted out by using adhesive micropatterns made from stripes that are tilted in regard to the direction of shear flow. Here we use adhesive dynamics simulations for round cells to quantitatively investigate this effect and to predict the optimal tilt angle. We then apply our method to predict optimal sorting conditions for malaria-infected red blood cells, which like white blood cells also adhere to and roll on adhesive substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Dasanna
- BioQuant and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Maan R, Rani G, Menon GI, Pullarkat PA. Modeling cell-substrate de-adhesion dynamics under fluid shear. Phys Biol 2018; 15:046006. [DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aabc66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
In this work, computer modeling has been used to show that longer ligands allow biological cells (e.g., blood platelets) to withstand stronger flows after their adhesion to solid walls. A mechanistic model of polymer-mediated ligand-receptor adhesion between a microparticle (cell) and a flat wall has been developed. The theoretical threshold between adherent and non-adherent regimes has been derived analytically and confirmed by simulations. These results lead to a deeper understanding of numerous biophysical processes, e.g., arterial thrombosis, and to the design of new biomimetic colloid-polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V Belyaev
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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He L, Luo Z, Liu WR, Bai B. Capsule equilibrium positions near channel center in Poiseuille flow. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang Z, Du J, Wei Z, Wang Z, Li M. Effects of membrane deformability and bond formation/dissociation rates on adhesion dynamics of a spherical capsule in shear flow. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 17:223-234. [PMID: 28879626 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular adhesion plays a critical role in biological systems and biomedical applications. Cell deformation and biophysical properties of adhesion molecules are of significance for the adhesion behavior. In the present work, dynamic adhesion of a deformable capsule to a planar substrate, in a linear shear flow, is numerically simulated to investigate the combined influence of membrane deformability (quantified by the capillary number) and bond formation/dissociation rates on the adhesion behavior. The computational model is based on the immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method for the capsule-fluid interaction and a probabilistic adhesion model for the capsule-substrate interaction. Three distinct adhesion states, detachment, rolling adhesion and firm adhesion, are identified and presented in a state diagram as a function of capillary number and bond dissociation rate. The impact of bond formation rate on the state diagram is further investigated. Results show that the critical bond dissociation rate for the transition of rolling or firm adhesion to detachment is strongly related to the capsule deformability. At the rolling-adhesion state, smaller off rates are needed for larger capillary number to increase the rolling velocity and detach the capsule. In contrast, the critical off rate for firm-to-detach transition slightly increases with the capillary number. With smaller on rate, the effect of capsule deformability on the critical off rates is more pronounced and capsules with moderate deformability are prone to detach by the shear flow. Further increasing of on rate leads to large expansion of both rolling-adhesion and firm-adhesion regions. Even capsules with relatively large deformability can maintain stable rolling adhesion at certain off rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jun Du
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengying Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Dasanna AK, Lansche C, Lanzer M, Schwarz US. Rolling Adhesion of Schizont Stage Malaria-Infected Red Blood Cells in Shear Flow. Biophys J 2017; 112:1908-1919. [PMID: 28494961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To avoid clearance by the spleen, red blood cells infected with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (iRBCs) adhere to the vascular endothelium through adhesive protrusions called "knobs" that the parasite induces on the surface of the host cell. However, the detailed relation between the developing knob structure and the resulting movement in shear flow is not known. Using flow chamber experiments on endothelial monolayers and tracking of the parasite inside the infected host cell, we find that trophozoites (intermediate-stage iRBCs) tend to flip due to their biconcave shape, whereas schizonts (late-stage iRBCs) tend to roll due to their almost spherical shape. We then use adhesive dynamics simulations for spherical cells to predict the effects of knob density and receptor multiplicity per knob on rolling adhesion of schizonts. We find that rolling adhesion requires a homogeneous coverage of the cell surface by knobs and that rolling adhesion becomes more stable and slower for higher knob density. Our experimental data suggest that schizonts are at the border between transient and stable rolling adhesion. They also allow us to establish an estimate for the molecular parameters for schizont adhesion to the vascular endothelium and to predict bond dynamics in the contact region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Dasanna
- BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Lansche
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Lanzer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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