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Alonso P, Blas J, Amaro F, de Francisco P, Martín-González A, Gutiérrez JC. Cellular Response of Adapted and Non-Adapted Tetrahymena thermophila Strains to Europium Eu(III) Compounds. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:285. [PMID: 38785768 PMCID: PMC11117543 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Europium is one of the most reactive lanthanides and humans use it in many different applications, but we still know little about its potential toxicity and cellular response to its exposure. Two strains of the eukaryotic microorganism model Tetrahymena thermophila were adapted to high concentrations of two Eu(III) compounds (EuCl3 or Eu2O3) and compared to a control strain and cultures treated with both compounds. In this ciliate, EuCl3 is more toxic than Eu2O3. LC50 values show that this microorganism is more resistant to these Eu(III) compounds than other microorganisms. Oxidative stress originated mainly by Eu2O3 is minimized by overexpression of genes encoding important antioxidant enzymes. The overexpression of metallothionein genes under treatment with Eu(III) compounds supports the possibility that this lanthanide may interact with the -SH groups of the cysteine residues from metallothioneins and/or displace essential cations of these proteins during their homeostatic function. Both lipid metabolism (lipid droplets fusing with europium-containing vacuoles) and autophagy are involved in the cellular response to europium stress. Bioaccumulation, together with a possible biomineralization to europium phosphate, seems to be the main mechanism of Eu(III) detoxification in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Carlos Gutiérrez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (J.B.); (F.A.); (P.d.F.); (A.M.-G.)
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Ozturk M, Metin M, Altay V, De Filippis L, Ünal BT, Khursheed A, Gul A, Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Kawano T, Caparrós PG. Molecular Biology of Cadmium Toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4832-4846. [PMID: 33462792 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal mainly originating from industrial activities and causes environmental pollution. To better understand its toxicity and pollution remediation, we must understand the effects of Cd on living beings. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) is an eukaryotic unicellular model organism. It has provided much scientific knowledge about cellular and molecular biology in addition to its economic benefits. Effects associated with copper and zinc, sulfur and selenium metabolism, calcium (Ca2+) balance/signaling, and structure of phospholipids as a result of exposure to cadmium have been evaluated. In yeast as a result of cadmium stress, "mitogen-activated protein kinase," "high osmolarity glycerol," and "cell wall integrity" pathways have been reported to activate different signaling pathways. In addition, abnormalities and changes in protein structure, ribosomes, cell cycle disruption, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) following cadmium cytotoxicity have also been detailed. Moreover, the key OLE1 gene that encodes for delta-9 FA desaturase in relation to cadmium toxicity has been discussed in more detail. Keeping all these studies in mind, an attempt has been made to evaluate published cellular and molecular toxicity data related to Cd stress, and specifically published on S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Ozturk
- Department of Botany and Centre for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Mert Metin
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Volkan Altay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Luigi De Filippis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 123, Australia
| | - Bengu Turkyilmaz Ünal
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biotechnology, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Anum Khursheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kamuran Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tomonori Kawano
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Pedro García Caparrós
- Agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañadade San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
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Rajakumar S, Vijayakumar R, Abhishek A, Selvam GS, Nachiappan V. Loss of ERAD bridging factor UBX2 modulates lipid metabolism and leads to ER stress-associated apoptosis during cadmium toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2020; 66:1003-1017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhang S, He Y, Sen B, Wang G. Reactive oxygen species and their applications toward enhanced lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123234. [PMID: 32245673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oleaginous microorganisms are among the most promising alternative sources of lipids for oleochemicals and biofuels. However, in the course of lipid production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated inevitably as byproducts of aerobic metabolisms. Although excessive accumulation of ROS leads to lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and protein denaturation, ROS accumulation has been suggested to enhance lipid synthesis in these microorganisms. There are many unresolved questions concerning this dichotomous view of ROS influence on lipid accumulation. These include what level of ROS triggers lipid overproduction, what mechanisms and targets are vital and whether ROS act as toxic byproducts or cellular messengers in these microorganisms? Here we review the current state of knowledge on ROS generation, antioxidative defense system, the dual effects of ROS on microbial lipid production, and ROS-induced lipid peroxidation and accumulation mechanisms. Toward the end, the review summarizes strategies that enhance lipid production based on ROS manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaodong He
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Biswarup Sen
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Qingdao Institute Ocean Engineering of Tianjin University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Rajakumar S, Abhishek A, Selvam GS, Nachiappan V. Effect of cadmium on essential metals and their impact on lipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:19-33. [PMID: 31823289 PMCID: PMC6985397 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that induces irregularity in numerous lipid metabolic pathways. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model to study lipid metabolism, has been used to establish the molecular basis of cellular responses to Cd toxicity in relation to essential minerals and lipid homeostasis. Multiple pathways sense these environmental stresses and trigger the mineral imbalances specifically calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn). This review is aimed to elucidate the role of Cd toxicity in yeast, in three different perspectives: (1) elucidate stress response and its adaptation to Cd, (2) understand the physiological role of a macromolecule such as lipids, and (3) study the stress rescue mechanism. Here, we explored the impact of Cd interference on the essential minerals such as Zn and Ca and their influence on endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism. Cd toxicity contributes to lipid droplet synthesis by activating OLE1 that is essential to alleviate lipotoxicity. In this review, we expanded our current findings about the effect of Cd on lipid metabolism of budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Rajakumar
- Eukaryotic Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India.
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada.
| | - Albert Abhishek
- Eukaryotic Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Govindan Sadasivam Selvam
- Eukaryotic Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
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Głowacka K, Źróbek-Sokolnik A, Okorski A, Najdzion J. The Effect of Cadmium on the Activity of Stress-Related Enzymes and the Ultrastructure of Pea Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E413. [PMID: 31615032 PMCID: PMC6843902 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the effects of cadmium (Cd) on plant cells is crucial to understand defense mechanisms and adaptation strategies of plants against Cd toxicity. In this study, we examined stress-related enzyme activities after one and seven days of Cd application and the ultrastructure of roots of Pisum sativum L. after seven days of Cd treatment (10, 50, 100, and 200 μM CdSO4). Our results showed that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and the amount of Cd accumulated in the roots were significantly positively correlated with the Cd concentration used in our experiment. However, Cd caused a decrease of all studied antioxidative enzyme activities (i.e., catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX)). The analysis of the ultrastructure (TEM) showed various responses to Cd, depending on Cd concentrations. In general, lower Cd concentrations (50 and 100 μM CdSO4) mostly resulted in increased amounts of oil bodies, plastolysomes and the accumulation of starch granules in plastids. Meanwhile, roots treated with a higher concentration of Cd (200 μM CdSO4) additionally triggered protective responses such as an increased deposition of suberin lamellae in the endodermal cell walls. This indicates that Cd induces a complex defense response in root tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Głowacka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Źróbek-Sokolnik
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Adam Okorski
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Janusz Najdzion
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Ranieri M, Di Mise A, Difonzo G, Centrone M, Venneri M, Pellegrino T, Russo A, Mastrodonato M, Caponio F, Valenti G, Tamma G. Green olive leaf extract (OLE) provides cytoprotection in renal cells exposed to low doses of cadmium. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214159. [PMID: 30897184 PMCID: PMC6428325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy and highly toxic metal that contaminates air, food and water. Cadmium accumulates in several organs altering normal functions. The kidney is the major organ at risk of damage from chronic exposure to cadmium as a contaminant in food and water. This study aims to investigate the beneficial effects of OLE in renal collecting duct MCD4 cells exposed to a low dose cadmium (1 μM). In MCD4 cells cadmium caused an increase in ROS production, as well as generation of lipid droplets and reduced cell viability. Moreover, cadmium exposure led to a remarkable increase in the frequency of micronuclei and DNA double-strand breaks, assessed using the alkaline comet assay. In addition, cadmium dramatically altered cell cytoskeleton architecture and caused S-glutathionylation of actin. Notably, all cadmium-induced cellular deregulations were prevented by co-treatment with OLE, possibly due to its antioxidant action and to the presence of bioactive phytocompounds. Indeed, OLE treatment attenuated Cd-induced actin S-glutathionylation, thereby stabilizing actin filaments. Taken together, these observations provide a novel insight into the biological action of OLE in renal cells and support the notion that OLE may serve as a potential adjuvant against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Difonzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Centrone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Venneri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pellegrino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Russo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (I.N.B.B.), Bari, Italy
- Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics (CEGBA), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (I.N.B.B.), Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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