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Li H, Qu H, Zhang X, Chen M, Wang J. Coordination-assembled phosphorescent microstructure from RTP HOF and Eu 3+-doping ZGO:Mn phosphors for cancer biomarker amplification detection and information encryption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:220-228. [PMID: 37713920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The ultra-long room temperature phosphorescent hydrogen-bonded organic framework (RTP HOF) materials can achieve long afterglow via ligand hydrogen bond interaction and water implement to suppress the non-radiative decays by matrices rigidification, and its electron donor conjugated structure is first developed as a phosphorescent quencher. The Eu3+/Mn2+ co-doped Zn2GeO4 phosphors (ZGO:Mn, Eu) with abundant metal sites and enhanced phosphorescence were synthesized as response factors and electron acceptors, combined with RTP HOFs to form microstructures featuring multi-color modulation, as an high-level anti-counterfeiting platform and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) detection unit. LPA is an ideal plasma biomarker for early diagnosis of ovarian and other gynecologic cancers. This detection strategy relies on the differential coordination substitution to restore ZGO:Mn, Eu phosphorescence through synergistic coordination of LPA and the hydrophobic assistance of LPA, and dual functional groups identification of LPA achieve specific detection at the nanomolar level. The anti-counterfeiting platform can fetch specific information by controlling the afterglow distinction and excited light from ZGO:Mn, Eu and RTP HOF. This study not only provides a typical case of the preparation of two phosphors with heterogeneous optical properties, but also expands the application field of combined phosphors as intelligent luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hongli Qu
- Analytical and Testing Center, Northeastern University, Box 115, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Mingli Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China; Analytical and Testing Center, Northeastern University, Box 115, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China.
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2
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Davoudian K, Bhattacharya S, Thompson D, Thompson M. Coupled Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Destabilisation of the Gelsolin-Actin Complex Enables Facile Detection of Ovarian Cancer Biomarker Lysophosphatidic Acid. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1426. [PMID: 37759826 PMCID: PMC10527313 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a promising biomarker candidate to screen for ovarian cancer (OC) and potentially stratify and treat patients according to disease stage. LPA is known to target the actin-binding protein gelsolin which is a key regulator of actin filament assembly. Previous studies have shown that the phosphate headgroup of LPA alone is inadequate to bind to the short chain of amino acids in gelsolin known as the PIP2-binding domain. Thus, the molecular-level detail of the mechanism of LPA binding is poorly understood. Here, we model LPA binding to the PIP2-binding domain of gelsolin in the gelsolin-actin complex through extensive ten-microsecond atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We predict that LPA binding causes a local conformational rearrangement due to LPA interactions with both gelsolin and actin residues. These conformational changes are a result of the amphipathic nature of LPA, where the anionic phosphate, polar glycerol and ester groups, and lipophilic aliphatic tail mediate LPA binding via charged electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals interactions. The negatively-charged LPA headgroup binds to the PIP2-binding domain of gelsolin-actin while its hydrophobic tail is inserted into actin, creating a strong LPA-insertion pocket that weakens the gelsolin-actin interface. The computed structure, dynamics, and energetics of the ternary gelsolin-LPA-actin complex confirms that a quantitative OC assay is possible based on LPA-triggered actin release from the gelsolin-actin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Davoudian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada;
| | - Shayon Bhattacharya
- SSPC—The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Damien Thompson
- SSPC—The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Michael Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada;
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3
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Zhou H, Liu R, Pan G, Cao M, Zhang L. Unique Electron-Transfer-Mediated Electrochemiluminescence of AuPt Bimetallic Nanoclusters and the Application in Cancer Immunoassay. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050550. [PMID: 37232911 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Noble Metal nanoclusters (NCs) are promising electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters due to their amazing optical properties and excellent biocompatibility. They have been widely used in the detection of ions, pollutant molecules, biomolecules, etc. Herein, we found that glutathione-capped AuPt bimetallic NCs (GSH-AuPt NCs) emitted strong anodic ECL signals with triethylamine as co-reactants which had no fluorescence (FL) response. Due to the synergistic effect of bimetallic structures, the ECL signals of AuPt NCs were 6.8 and 94 times higher than those of monometallic Au and Pt NCs, respectively. The electric and optical properties of GSH-AuPt NCs differed from those of Au and Pt NCs completely. An electron-transfer mediated ECL mechanism was proposed. The excited electrons may be neutralized by Pt(II) in GSH-Pt and GSH-AuPt NCs, resulting in the vanished FL. Furthermore, abundant TEA radicals formed on the anode contributed electrons to the highest unoccupied molecular orbital of GSH-Au2.5Pt NCs and Pt(II), booming intense ECL signals. Because of the ligand effect and ensemble effect, bimetallic AuPt NCs exhibited much stronger ECL than GSH-Au NCs. A sandwich-type immunoassay for alpha fetoprotein (AFP) cancer biomarkers was fabricated with GSH-AuPt NCs as signal tags, which displayed a wide linear range from 0.01 to 1000 ng·mL-1 and a limit of detection (LOD) down to 1.0 pg·mL-1 at 3S/N. Compared to previous ECL AFP immunoassays, this method not only had a wider linear range but also a lower LOD. The recoveries of AFP in human serum were around 108%, providing a wonderful strategy for fast, sensitive, and accurate cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhou
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruanshan Liu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guangxing Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Miaomiao Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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4
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O'Connor S, Dennany L, O'Reilly E. Evolution of nanomaterial Electrochemiluminescence luminophores towards biocompatible materials. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 149:108286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Huang X, Feng B, Liu M, Liu Z, Li S, Zeng W. Preclinical detection of lysophosphatidic acid: A new window for ovarian cancer diagnostics. Talanta 2022; 247:123561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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6
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Liu W, Luo H, Wei Q, Liu J, Wu J, Zhang Y, Chen L, Ren W, Shao L. Electrochemically derived nanographene oxide activates endothelial tip cells and promotes angiogenesis by binding endogenous lysophosphatidic acid. Bioact Mater 2021; 9:92-104. [PMID: 34820558 PMCID: PMC8586026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) exhibits good mechanical and physicochemical characteristics and has extensive application prospects in bone tissue engineering. However, its effect on angiogenesis is unclear, and its potential toxic effects are heavily disputed. Herein, we found that nanographene oxide (NGO) synthesized by one-step water electrolytic oxidation is smaller and shows superior biocompatibility. Moreover, NGO significantly enhanced angiogenesis in calvarial bone defect areas in vivo, providing a good microenvironment for bone regeneration. Endothelial tip cell differentiation is an important step in the initiation of angiogenesis. We verified that NGO activates endothelial tip cells by coupling with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in serum via strong hydrogen bonding interactions, which has not been reported. In addition, the mechanism by which NGO promotes angiogenesis was systematically studied. NGO-coupled LPA activates LPAR6 and facilitates the formation of migratory tip cells via Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) independent of reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulation or additional complex modifications. These results provide an effective strategy for the application of electrochemically derived NGO and more insight into NGO-mediated angiogenesis. Electrochemically derived nanographene oxide (NGO) has good cytocompatibility without upregulating reactive oxygen species. NGO exhibits better dispersibility and couples with endogenous lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in body fluid. NGO enhances the angiogenesis by recruiting endogenous LPA and promoting endothelial tip cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haiyun Luo
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Qinwei Wei
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Junrong Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Corresponding author. Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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7
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Munawar A, Zafar F, Majeed S, Irfan M, Ullah Khan H, Yasmin G, Akhtar N. Bioinspired N-C coated ZnO based electrochemiluminescence sensor for dopamine screening from neuroblastoma patient. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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LI NS, CHEN L, XIAO ZX, YANG YQ, AI KL. Progress in Detection of Biomarker of Ovarian Cancer: Lysophosphatidic Acid. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(20)60062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Liu Y, Jiang K, Nie Y, Guo Y, Ma Q. A visual electrochemiluminescence biosensor based on CuInZnS quantum dots for superoxide dismutase detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1893-1899. [PMID: 32016568 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), also known as liver protein, is a substance widely distributed in various biological cells. It has the function of catalyzing the disproportionation reaction of superoxide free radicals. SOD can form an antioxidant chain together with peroxidase, catalase, and other substances in the body of organisms, and thus, is one of the indispensable important substances in the body of organisms. In this work, we provided a simple and fast visual electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for SOD detection. CuInZnS quantum dots (QDs) worked as the ECL luminophore with hydrogen peroxide as co-reactant. In the sensing process, SOD and CuInZnS QDs on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) competed with each other for hydrogen peroxide to produce superoxide during electrochemical luminescence, thus quenching the ECL signal of CuInZnS QDs. The proposed sensor can quantify SOD with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.03 μg/mL. In addition, the change in the CuInZnS QDs ECL signal was easily observed with a smartphone camera. The results indicated that this sensor could effectively work in the detection of SOD in human blood. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
- National Chemistry Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Kunliang Jiang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
- National Chemistry Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Yixin Nie
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
- National Chemistry Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Yupeng Guo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
- National Chemistry Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
- National Chemistry Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
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10
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Peng H, Liu P, Wu W, Chen W, Meng X, Lin X, Liu A. Facile electrochemiluminescence sensing platform based on water-soluble tungsten oxide quantum dots for ultrasensitive detection of dopamine released by cells. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1065:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Tang Y, Xu J, Xiong C, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Wang S. Enhanced electrochemiluminescence of gold nanoclusters via silver doping and their application for ultrasensitive detection of dopamine. Analyst 2019; 144:2643-2648. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on enhanced ECL of gold nanoclusters is designed for the ultrasensitive detection of dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- PR China
| | - Juntao Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- PR China
| | - Chengyi Xiong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- PR China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- PR China
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- PR China
| | - Shengfu Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- PR China
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12
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A novel amplified electrochemiluminescence biosensor based on Au NPs@PDA@CuInZnS QDs nanocomposites for ultrasensitive detection of p53 gene. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:240-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Liu Y, Chen X, Ma Q. An efficient microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of high-quality CuInZnS/ZnS quantum dots. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj05062c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method to synthesize novel CuInZnS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Xueqian Chen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
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14
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Zhuo Y, Wang HJ, Lei YM, Zhang P, Liu JL, Chai YQ, Yuan R. Electrochemiluminescence biosensing based on different modes of switching signals. Analyst 2018; 143:3230-3248. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00276b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has attracted much attention in various fields of analysis owing to low background signals, high sensitivity, and excellent controllability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Yan-Mei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Pu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Ya-Qin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
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