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Chaulagain N, Garcia JC, Manoj A, Shankar K. Ultrasensitive detection of Ag +and Ce 3+ions using highly fluorescent carboxyl-functionalized carbon nitride nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:315502. [PMID: 38604135 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad3d66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The fluorescence quenching of carboxyl-rich g-C3N4nanoparticles was found to be selective to Ag+and Ce3+with a limit of detection as low as 30 pM for Ag+ions. A solid-state thermal polycondensation reaction was used to produce g-C3N4nanoparticles with distinct green fluorescence and high water solubility. Dynamic light scattering indicated an average nanoparticle size of 95 nm. The photoluminescence absorption and emission maxima were centered at 405 nm and 540 nm respectively which resulted in a large Stokes shift. Among different metal ion species, the carboxyl-rich g-C3N4nanoparticles were selective to Ag+and Ce3+ions, as indicated by strong fluorescence quenching and a change in the fluorescence lifetime. The PL sensing of heavy metal ions followed modified Stern-Volmer kinetics, and CNNPs in the presence of Ag+/Ce3+resulted in a higher value ofKapp(8.9 × 104M-1) indicating a more efficient quenching process and stronger interaction between CNNP and mixed ions. Sensing was also demonstrated using commercial filter paper functionalized with g-C3N4nanoparticles, enabling practical on-site applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Chaulagain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - John C Garcia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Aparna Manoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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2
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Zhao Y, Sun M, Zhou F, Xu G. Ultratrace Aromatic Anhydride Dopant as Intermediate Island to Promote Charge Transfer of Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Enhancing the Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1858-1868. [PMID: 38182430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
In this work, 0.75 wt ‰ 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic anhydride (PDA) as a novel dopant was utilized to obtain modified graphitic carbon nitride with ultratrace doping (3MCN-PDA3) by facile thermal polymerization. Characterization of the microstructure, surface state, and porosity properties of the samples indicated that 3MCN-PDA3 has a thinner sheet-like, larger-scale, and tighter lamellar stacking structure than that of pristine graphitic carbon nitride (3MCN). Based on photo/electrochemical analysis, the PDA dopant formed an extended coplanar conjugated system by anhydride-amine thermal condensation with heptazine rings, and the channels of amide covalent bonds and superconjugation of the solitary pair of electrons of the nitrogen atoms of PDA synergistically promoted the charge transport performance of 3MCN-PDA3. Under visible light, the photodegradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB) over 3MCN-PDA3 reached 92.4% in 60 min and realized almost entire removal in 200 min (99.2%), 1.43 times that of 3MCN. Furthermore, the experimental results and generalized density theory calculations confirmed that PDA acts as an intermediate molecular island and constructs an efficient carrier transfer pathway between different heptazine units. The results indicate that PDA is a promising candidate to enhance the charge transfer performance through ultratrace doping in the large-scale preparation and application of the graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuren Zhao
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenliao West Road 111, Economic & Technological Development Zone, 110870 Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Sun
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenliao West Road 111, Economic & Technological Development Zone, 110870 Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhou
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenliao West Road 111, Economic & Technological Development Zone, 110870 Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Ge Xu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenliao West Road 111, Economic & Technological Development Zone, 110870 Shenyang, P. R. China
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3
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Rasheed T, Ahmad T, Khan S, Ferry DB, Sher F, Ali A, Majeed S. Graphitic carbon nitride derived probes for the recognition of heavy metal pollutants of environmental concern in water bodies. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1142. [PMID: 37665398 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) has a number of valuable features that have been recognized during the studies related to its photocatalytic activity enhancement derived by visible light. Because of these characteristics, g-CN can be used as a detecting signal transducer with different transmission modalities. The latest up-to-date detection capabilities of modified g-CN nanoarchitectures are covered in this study. The structural features and synthetic methodologies have been discussed in a number of reports. Herein, employment of the g-CN as a promising probing modality for the recognition of different toxic heavy metals is the promising feature of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Rasheed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tauqir Ahmad
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research, Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Sardaraz Khan
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darim Badur Ferry
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Amjad Ali
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Saadat Majeed
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
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4
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Fu Z, He J, Li Y, Ding H, Gao X, Cui F. A novel and ultrasensitive fluorescent probe derived from labeled carbon dots for recognitions of copper ions and glyphosate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122052. [PMID: 36356396 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Labeling materials with special functional groups are very valuable for the creation of novel probes. Hence, a novel fluorescent probe was constructed by conjugating 4-butyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (BTSC) with carbon dots (CDs). The CDs labeled by BTSC (BTSC-CDs) displayed a strong capability for recognition of Cu2+ and Cu2+ could quench the emission of BTSC-CDs significantly. The fluorescence quenching was proved to be a static quenching which was resulted from the interaction between BTSC-CDs and Cu2+ to form a ground-state BTSC-CDs/Cu2+complex, and the fluorescence intensities showed a good linear correlation with Cu2+ concentrations in the range of 0.20-30 μM. What is more important, by adding glyphosate into the sensor system of BTSC-CDs/Cu2+ the fluorescence of the probe turned on again owing to the stronger chelating between glyphosate and Cu2+ than between BTSC-CDs and Cu2+. This could realize the specific detection of glyphosate and the limit of detection was low to 0.27 μM. Detecting glyphosate using the complex BTSC-CDs/Cu2+ system in actual samples with satisfactory outcomes indicated that a novel fluorescent probe for Cu2+ and subsequent glyphosate detections has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Technology, Henan, Xinxiang 453000, PR China
| | - Jiantong He
- Clinical Laboratory, Xinxiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Henan, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Yameng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Henan, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Hai Ding
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Technology, Henan, Xinxiang 453000, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Henan, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Fengling Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Henan, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
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Roy R, Chacko AR, Abraham T, Korah BK, John BK, Punnoose MS, Mohan C, Mathew B. Recent Advances in Graphitic Carbon Nitrides (g‐C
3
N
4
) as Photoluminescence Sensing Probe: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Anu Rose Chacko
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | | | - Binila K Korah
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Bony K John
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Mamatha Susan Punnoose
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Chitra Mohan
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Beena Mathew
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
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Patel MR, Kailasa SK. Carbon Nitride Nanomaterials: Properties, Synthetic Approaches and New Insights in Fluorescence Spectrometry for Assaying of Metal Ions, Organic and Biomolecules. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayurkumar Revabhai Patel
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat 395007 Gujarat India
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat 395007 Gujarat India
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7
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Qu B, Sun J, Li P, Jing L. Current advances on g-C 3N 4-based fluorescence detection for environmental contaminants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127990. [PMID: 34986565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly-sensitive fluorescence detection systems for environmental contaminants has become high priority research in the past years. Special attention has been paid to graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based nanomaterials, whose unique and superior optical property makes them promising and attractive candidates for this purpose. It is necessary to enhance the current understanding of the various classes of g-C3N4-based fluorescence detection systems and their mechanisms, as well as find suitable approaches to improve detection performance for environmental monitoring, protection, and management. In this review, the recent progresses on g-C3N4-based fluorescence detections for environmental contaminants, mainly including their basic principles, mechanisms, applications, modification strategies, and conclusions, are summarized. A particular emphasis is placed on the design and development of modification strategies for g-C3N4 with the objective of improving detection performance. High photoluminescence quantum yield, tunable fluorescence emission characteristics, and strong adsorption capacity of g-C3N4 could ensure the ultrasensitivity and selectivity of fluorescence detection of environmental contaminants. Concluding perspectives on the challenges and opportunities to design highly efficient g-C3N4-based fluorescence detection system are intensively put forward as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), International Joint Research Center for Catalytic Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), International Joint Research Center for Catalytic Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China; College of Physical Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), International Joint Research Center for Catalytic Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China; College of Physical Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China.
| | - Liqiang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), International Joint Research Center for Catalytic Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China.
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8
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Sheng X, Li S, Zhan Y, Guo J, Zhou B, Zhao J, Li Z, Liu M, Li Y, Qu T, Zhou Q. Selective detection of Cu 2+ using nitrogen-doped carbon dots derived from humic acid and urea based on specific inner filter effect. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 263:120136. [PMID: 34273895 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new kind of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) was synthesized via a simple hydrothermal strategy using humic acid as the carbon source and urea as the nitrogen source. The fluorescence intensity of as-prepared N-CDs was quenched significantly in presence of Cu2+ based on a specific inner filter effect, which could be utilized to construct a selective sensor for monitoring Cu2+ in aqueous samples. The sensor exhibited good linearity over the range of 0.1-2 μM, and high sensitivity with a detection limit of 25 nM. Under the optimal conditions, there was no significant interference by other metal ions such as Cd2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Na+, Ni+, Fe2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Mg2+, As3+, K+, Zn2+ for Cu2+ detecting except Hg2+.The interference of Hg2+ can be masked by addition of sodium chloride. The experimental results demonstrated that the prepared N-CDs owned strong fluorescence, high monodispersity, good stability and good water solubility, and the constructed sensor had many advances and great application prospect in environmental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Shuangying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yali Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jinghan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Boyao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Tongxu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qingxiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
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9
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Carbon dot/carbon nitride composites fluorescent probe for the highly selective detection of Cr(VI) ions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Tang M, Zhu B, Qu Y, Jin Z, Bai S, Chai F, Chen L, Wang C, Qu F. Fluorescent silicon nanoparticles as dually emissive probes for copper(II) and for visualization of latent fingerprints. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 187:65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-4048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Room temperature preparation of water-soluble polydopamine-polyethyleneimine copolymer dots for selective detection of copper ions. Talanta 2019; 197:584-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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12
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Liu X, Zhang H, Song Z, Guo L, Fu F, Wu Y. A ratiometric nanoprobe for biosensing based on green fluorescent graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as an internal reference and quenching platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 129:118-123. [PMID: 30690175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The integrating of high fluorescent quenching capability of two-dimensional nanomaterials with dye-labelled ssDNA as nanoprobes has attracted increasing interest for biosensing applications. However, this absolute intensity-dependent single fluorescent signal may be influenced by target concentration-independent factors. To overcome this challenge, a ratiometric nanoprobe was developed by utilizing green fluorescent phenyl-doped carbon nitride (PDCN) nanosheets as an internal reference and quenching platform. 5-carboxy-X-rhodamine-labelled anti-adenosine aptamer was used as a signal probe. PDCN nanosheets quenched the fluorescence of the absorbed signal probe while kept their own fluorescence constantly. Upon addition of adenosine, the formation of adenosine-aptamer complexes led to desorption of the signal probe from the surface of PDCN nanosheets, resulted in the fluorescent recovery of the signal probe. The ratio of the fluorescent enhancement of the signal probe to the inherent fluorescence of PDCN nanosheets was used to quantitatively measure adenosine. The limit of detection for adenosine was 6.86 μM. Finally, the ratiometric nanoprobe was applied to determine adenosine in serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Zhiping Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Liangqia Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Fengfu Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
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Ding JD, Chen JF, Lin Q, Yao H, Zhang YM, Wei TB. A multi-stimuli responsive metallosupramolecular polypseudorotaxane gel constructed by self-assembly of a pillar[5]arene-based pseudo[3]rotaxane via zinc ion coordination and its application for highly sensitive fluorescence recognition of metal ions. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01319e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel pillar[5]arene-based metallosupramolecular polypseudorotaxane gel has been successfully prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Dong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jin-Fa Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
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