1
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Nguyen BX, VandeVen W, MacNeil GA, Zhou W, Paterson AR, Walsby CJ, Chiang L. High-Valent Ni and Cu Complexes of a Tetraanionic Bis(amidateanilido) Ligand. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15180-15194. [PMID: 37676794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
High-valent metal species are often invoked as intermediates during enzymatic and synthetic catalytic cycles. Anionic donors are often required to stabilize such high-valent states by forming strong bonds with the Lewis acidic metal centers while decreasing their oxidation potentials. In this report, we discuss the synthesis of two high-valent metal complexes [ML]+ in which the NiIII and CuIII centers are ligated by a new tetradentate, tetraanionic bis(amidateanilido) ligand. [ML]+, obtained via chemical oxidation of ML, exhibits UV-vis-NIR, EPR, and XANES spectra characteristic of square planar, high-valent MIII species, suggesting the locus of oxidation for both [ML]+ is predominantly metal-based. This is supported by theoretical analyses, which also support the observed visible transitions as ligand-to-metal charge transfer transitions characteristic of square planar, high-valent MIII species. Notably, [ML]+ can also be obtained via O2 oxidation of ML due to its remarkably negative oxidation potentials (CuL/[CuL]+: -1.16 V, NiL/[NiL]+: -1.01 V vs Fc/Fc+ in MeCN). This demonstrates the exceptionally strong donating nature of the tetraanionic bis(amidateanilido) ligation and its ability to stabilize high-valent metal centers..
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach X Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, British Columbia V2S 7M8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columba V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Warren VandeVen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columba V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Gregory A MacNeil
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columba V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columba V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Alisa R Paterson
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2 V3, Canada
| | - Charles J Walsby
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columba V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Linus Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, British Columbia V2S 7M8, Canada
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2
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Gokhale TA, Phatake VV, Bhanage BM. MnO2 nanostructures as sustainable catalysts for selectivity tuning and syntheses of amine coupling products with bio-derived glycerol. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Xu Y, Li C, Wu X, Li MX, Ma Y, Yang H, Zeng Q, Sessler JL, Wang ZX. Sheet-like 2D Manganese(IV) Complex with High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18834-18843. [PMID: 36201849 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a stable, water-soluble, mononuclear manganese(IV) complex [MnIV(H2L)]·5H2O (Mn-HDCL) that acts as an efficient photothermal material. This system is based on a hexahydrazide clathrochelate ligand (L/HDCL) and is obtained via an efficient one-pot templated synthesis that avoids the need for harsh reaction conditions. Scanning tunneling microscopy images reveal that Mn-HDCL exists as a 2D sheet-like structure. In Mn-HDCL, the manganese(IV) ion is trapped within the cavity of the cage-like ligand. This effectively shields the Mn(IV) ion from the external environment while providing adequate water solubility. As a result of orbital transitions involving the coordinated manganese(IV) ion, as well as metal-to-ligand charge transfer effects, Mn-HDCL possesses a large extinction coefficient and displays a photothermal performance comparable to single-wall carbon nanotubes in the solid state. A high photothermal conversion efficiency (ca. 71%) was achieved in aqueous solution when subjected to near-infrared 730 nm laser photo-irradiation. Mn-HDCL is paramagnetic and provides a modest increase in the T1-weighted contrast of magnetic resonance images both in vitro and in vivo. Mn-HDCL was found to target tumors passively and allow tumor margins to be distinguished in vivo in a mouse model. In addition, it also exhibited an efficient laser-triggered photothermal therapy effect in vitro and in vivo. We thus propose that Mn-HDCL could have a role to play as a tumor-targeting photothermal sensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ming-Xing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yunsheng Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, Unites States
| | - Zhao-Xi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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4
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East NR, Förster C, Carrella LM, Rentschler E, Heinze K. The Full d 3-d 5 Redox Series of Mononuclear Manganese Complexes: Geometries and Electronic Structures of [Mn(dgpy) 2] n. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14616-14625. [PMID: 36070611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although manganese ions exhibit a rich redox chemistry, redox processes are often accompanied by structural reorganization and a high propensity for ligand substitution, so that no complete structurally characterized manganese(II,III,IV) complex series without significant ligand sphere reorganization akin to the manganese(II,III,IV) oxides exists. We present here the series of pseudo-octahedral homoleptic manganese complexes [Mn(dgpy)2]n+ (n = 2-4) with the adaptable tridentate push-pull ligand 2,6-diguanidylpyridine (dgpy). Mn-N bond lengths and N-Mn-N bond angles change characteristically from n = 2 to n = 4, while the overall [MnN6] coordination sphere is preserved. The manganese(III) complex [Mn(dgpy)2]3+ exhibits a Jahn-Teller elongated octahedron and a negative D = -3.84 cm-1. Concomitantly with the consecutive oxidation of [Mn(dgpy)2]2+ to [Mn(dgpy)2]4+, the optical properties evolve with increasing ligand-to-metal charge transfer character of the absorption bands culminating in the panchromatic absorption of the purple-black manganese(IV) complex [Mn(dgpy)2]4+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R East
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Luca M Carrella
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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5
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Wittwer B, Dickmann N, Berg S, Leitner D, Tesi L, Hunger D, Gratzl R, van Slageren J, Neuman NI, Munz D, Hohloch S. A mesoionic carbene complex of manganese in five oxidation states. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6096-6099. [PMID: 35503035 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00097k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction between a carbazole-based mesoionic carbene ligand and manganese(II) iodide results in the formation of a rare air-stable manganese(IV) complex after aerobic workup. Cyclic voltammetry reveals the complex to be stable in five oxidation states. The electronic structure of all five oxidation states is elucidated chemically, spectroscopically (NMR, high-frequency EPR, UV-Vis, MCD), magnetically, and computationally (DFT, CASSCF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wittwer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Nicole Dickmann
- University of Paderborn, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stephan Berg
- University of Paderborn, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Daniel Leitner
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lorenzo Tesi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - David Hunger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Raphael Gratzl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicolas I Neuman
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, INTEC, UNL-CONICET, Predio CONICET Santa Fe Dr Alberto Cassano, Ruta Nacional No 168, Km 0 Paraje El Pozo, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Dominik Munz
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University Campus C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. .,Inorganic and General Chemistry, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egelandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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6
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Suhr S, Walter R, Beerhues J, Albold U, Sarkar B. Rhodium Diamidobenzene Complexes: A Tale of Different Substituents on the Diamidobenzene Ligand. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10532-10545. [PMID: 36277629 PMCID: PMC9473529 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03227a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamidobenzene ligands are a prominent class of redox-active ligands owing to their electron reservoir behaviour, as well as the possibility of tuning the steric and the electronic properties of such ligands through the substituents on the N-atoms of the ligands. In this contribution, we present Rh(iii) complexes with four differently substituted diamidobenzene ligands. By using a combination of crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, electrochemistry, UV-vis-NIR/EPR spectroelectrochemistry, and quantum chemical calculations we show that the substituents on the ligands have a profound influence on the bonding, donor, electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of the Rh complexes. We present, for the first time, design strategies for the isolation of mononuclear Rh(ii) metallates whose redox potentials span across more than 850 mV. These Rh(ii) metallates undergo typical metalloradical reactivity such as activation of O2 and C–Cl bond activations. Additionally, we also show that the substituents on the ligands dictate the one versus two electron nature of the oxidation steps of the Rh complexes. Furthermore, the oxidative reactivity of the metal complexes with a [CH3]+ source leads to the isolation of a unprecedented, homobimetallic, heterovalent complex featuring a novel π-bonded rhodio-o-diiminoquionone. Our results thus reveal several new potentials of the diamidobenzene ligand class in organometallic reactivity and small molecule activation with potential relevance for catalysis. Diamidobenzene ligands are versatile platforms in organometallic Rh-chemistry. They allow the isolation of tunable mononuclear ate-complexes, and the formation of a unprecedented homobimetallic, heterovalent complex.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Suhr
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Robert Walter
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Julia Beerhues
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Uta Albold
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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7
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Sarkar P, Sarmah A, Mukherjee C. Where is the unpaired electron density? A combined experimental and theoretical finding on the geometric and electronic structures of the Co( iii) and Mn( iv) complexes of the unsymmetrical non-innocent pincer ONS ligand. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:16723-16732. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01868c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The geometry and electronic structures of the Co and Mn complexes of the pincer H3LONS ligand composed of both hard and soft donor atoms at the coordinating sites are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Amrit Sarmah
- Department of Molecular Modelling, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR, v.v.i. Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Chandan Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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8
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Leconte N, Berthiol F, Philouze C, Thomas F. Copper Complexes of the Tetradentate
N,N′
‐Bis(2‐amino‐3,5‐di‐
tert
‐butylphenyl)‐2,2′‐diaminobiphenyl Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Ovcharenko VI, Kuznetsova OV. New method for the synthesis of heterospin metal complexes with nitroxides. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Dunn PL, Cook BJ, Johnson SI, Appel AM, Bullock RM. Oxidation of Ammonia with Molecular Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17845-17858. [PMID: 32977718 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of ammonia by molecular complexes is a burgeoning area of research, with critical scientific challenges that must be addressed. A fundamental understanding of individual reaction steps is needed, particularly for cleavage of N-H bonds and formation of N-N bonds. This Perspective evaluates the challenges of designing molecular catalysts for oxidation of ammonia and highlights recent key contributions to realizing the goals of viable energy storage and retrieval based on the N-H bonds of ammonia in a carbon-free energy cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Dunn
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brian J Cook
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Samantha I Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aaron M Appel
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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11
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Leconte N, Gentil S, Molton F, Philouze C, Le Goff A, Thomas F. Complexes of the Bis(di‐
tert
‐butyl‐aniline)amine Pincer Ligand: The Case of Copper. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Solène Gentil
- CEA, CNRS Univ. Grenoble Alpes 38000 Grenoble France
- CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux Univ. Grenoble Alpes 38000 Grenoble France
| | | | | | - Alan Le Goff
- CEA, CNRS Univ. Grenoble Alpes 38000 Grenoble France
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12
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Valence tautomerism and delocalization in transition metal complexes of o-amidophenolates and other redox-active ligands. Some recent results. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Orthopalladated 1,4-iminonaphthoquinone derivative: Syntheses, redox series, molecular and electronic structures. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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van der Vlugt JI. Radical-Type Reactivity and Catalysis by Single-Electron Transfer to or from Redox-Active Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:2651-2662. [PMID: 30084211 PMCID: PMC6471147 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controlled ligand-based redox-activity and chemical non-innocence are rapidly gaining importance for selective (catalytic) processes. This Concept aims to provide an overview of the progress regarding ligand-to-substrate single-electron transfer as a relatively new mode of operation to exploit ligand-centered reactivity and catalysis based thereon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Bio-Inspired Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis Groupvan ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamNetherlands
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15
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Mondal S, Bera S, Ghosh P. Redox Cascades and Making of a C-C Bond: 1,2-Benzodiazinyl Radicals and a Copper Complex of a Benzodiazine. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1871-1881. [PMID: 30663879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Two 1,2-benzodiazinyl radicals, cinnolinyl radicals by name, were successfully isolated by cascade routes using 1,4-naphthoquinone as a precursor. Reaction of 1,4-naphthoquinone with hydrazine hydrate promotes a (5e + 5H+) redox cascade affording benzo[ g]naphtho[1,2- c]cinnolinyl-7,12,14-trione (Cn•) in 69% yields, while the similar reaction with 2-hydrazinopyridine is a (7e + 7H+) oxidative cascade and furnishes N-pyridinecinnolinyl radical (PyCn•). The cascades are composed of C-N and C-C bond making reactions. The neutral even alternate arenes are always diamagnetic; thus, the isolation of Cn• and PyCn• is a breakthrough. The Cn•/Cn- and PyCn•/PyCn- redox couples are reversible, and the reaction of Cn• with [CuI(PPh3)3Cl] in the presence of hydrazine hydrate and Et3N affords a Cn- complex of copper(I), [(Cn-)CuI(PPh3)2] (1). Similar to phenalenyl radical, PyCn• exists in three redox states, PyCn+, PyCn•, and PyCn-, in a smaller potential range (-0.30 V to -0.60 V vs Fc+/Fc couple) and can be used as an oxidant as well as a reductant. PyCn• acts as a catalyst for the oxidative cleavages of benzil to benzoic and 2,2'-pyridil to picolinic acids in methanol in the presence of air. The molecular and electronic structures of Cn•, PyCn•, and 1·1/2MeOH were confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography, EPR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Mondal
- Department of Chemistry , R. K. Mission Residential College , Narendrapur, Kolkata 103 , West Bengal , India
| | - Sachinath Bera
- Department of Chemistry , R. K. Mission Residential College , Narendrapur, Kolkata 103 , West Bengal , India
| | - Prasanta Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry , R. K. Mission Residential College , Narendrapur, Kolkata 103 , West Bengal , India
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16
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Lee WT, Zeller M, Upp D, Politanska Y, Steinman D, Al-Assil T, Becker DP. Iron(II) complexes of dimethyltriazacyclophane. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 74:1641-1649. [PMID: 30516148 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618015255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of the ortho-triazacyclophane 1,4-dimethyltribenzo[b,e,h][1,4,7]triazacyclonona-2,5,8-triene [(C6H5)3(NH)(NCH3)2, L1] with Fe[N(SiMe3)2]2 yields the dimeric iron(II) complex bis(μ-1,4-dimethyltribenzo[b,e,h][1,4,7]triazacyclonona-2,5,8-trien-7-ido)bis[(μ-1,4-dimethyltribenzo[b,e,h][1,4,7]triazacyclonona-2,5,8-trien-7-ido)iron(II)], [Fe(C20H18N3)4] or Fe2(L1)4 (9). Dissolution of 9 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) results in solvation by two THF ligands and the formation of a simpler monoiron complex, namely bis(μ-1,4-dimethyltribenzo[b,e,h][1,4,7]triazacyclonona-2,5,8-trien-7-ido-κN7)bis(tetrahydrofuran-κO)iron(II), [Fe(C20H18N3)2(C4H8O)2] or (L1)2Fe(THF)2 (10). The reaction is reversible and 10 reverts in vacuo to diiron complex 9. In the structures of both 9 and 10, the monoanionic triazacyclophane ligand L1- is observed in only the less-symmetric saddle conformation. No bowl-shaped crown conformers are observed in the solid state, thus preventing chelating κ3-coordination to the metal as had been proposed earlier based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Instead, the L1- ligands are bound in either a η2-chelating fashion through the amide and one amine donor (for one of the four ligands of 9), or solely through their amide N atoms in an even simpler monodentate η1-coordination mode. Density functional calculations on dimer 9 revealed nearly full cationic charges on each Fe atom and no bonding interaction between the two metal centers, consistent with the relatively long Fe...Fe distance of 2.912 (1) Å observed in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Dr., W. Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | - David Upp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA
| | - Yuliya Politanska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA
| | - Doug Steinman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA
| | - Talal Al-Assil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA
| | - Daniel P Becker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA
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17
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Sarkar P, Mukherjee C. A non-innocent pincer H 3L ONS ligand and its corresponding octahedral low-spin Fe(iii) complex formation via ligand-centric homolytic S-S bond scission. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13337-13341. [PMID: 30207350 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02763c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of FeCl3 and Et3N, a ligand H4Ldtda(AP) underwent S-S bond cleavage and generated a pincer non-innocent H3LONS ligand, which formed a homoleptic, six-coordinate, low-spin Fe(iii) complex (1). The complex comprised two 2-iminobenzosemiquinone (1-) π-radicals and one thiyl π-radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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18
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Coordination chemistry of a redox non-innocent NHC bis(phenolate) pincer ligand with nickel(II). Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Cook SA, Bogart JA, Levi N, Weitz AC, Moore C, Rheingold AL, Ziller JW, Hendrich MP, Borovik AS. Mononuclear complexes of a tridentate redox-active ligand with sulfonamido groups: structure, properties, and reactivity. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6540-6547. [PMID: 30310585 PMCID: PMC6115676 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of molecular complexes of earth-abundant first-row transition metals that can catalyze multi-electron C-H bond activation processes is of interest for achieving efficient, low-cost syntheses of target molecules. To overcome the propensity of these metals to perform single-electron processes, redox-active ligands have been utilized to provide additional electron equivalents. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel redox active ligand, [ibaps]3-, which binds to transition metals such as FeII and CoII in a meridional fashion through the three anionic nitrogen atoms and provides additional coordination sites for other ligands. In this study, the neutral bidentate ligand 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) was used to complete the coordination spheres of the metal ions and form NEt4[MII(ibaps)bpy] (M = Fe (1) or Co (1-Co)) salts. The FeII salt exhibited rich electrochemical properties and could be chemically oxidized by 1 and 2 equiv. of ferrocenium to form singly and doubly oxidized species, respectively. The reactivity of 1 towards intramolecular C-H bond amination of aryl azides at benzylic and aliphatic carbon centers was explored, and moderate to good yields of the resulting indoline products were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Cook
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences II , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - Justin A Bogart
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences II , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - Noam Levi
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences II , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - Andrew C Weitz
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Melon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , USA
| | - Curtis Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California-San Diego , San Diego , California 92093 , USA
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California-San Diego , San Diego , California 92093 , USA
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences II , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - Michael P Hendrich
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Melon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , USA
| | - A S Borovik
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences II , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
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20
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Leconte N, Baptiste B, Philouze C, Thomas F. Structural snapshots of the rearrangement of the bis(di-tert-butyl-aminophenyl)amine pincer ligand in the presence of transition metal ions. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11303-11307. [PMID: 30043034 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02462f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bis(di-tert-butyl-aminophenyl)amine ligand H3LN,N,N was reacted with Mn(ii), Co(ii), Fe(iii) and Cu(ii) salts in air. The ligand undergoes oxidative transformations, which involve intra and intermolecular C-N and N-N bond formations. A rare aromatic C-N bond cleavage leading to a C-O bond has also been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Leconte
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire - Chimie Inorganique Redox (CIRE) - UMR CNRS 5250, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, B. P. 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
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21
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Leconte N, du Moulinet d'Hardemare A, Philouze C, Thomas F. A highly active diradical cobalt(iii) catalyst for the cycloisomerization of alkynoic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8241-8244. [PMID: 29987295 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04459g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The first cobalt-catalysed cycloisomerisation of alkynoic acids is reported, thanks to the design of a well-defined diradical cobalt(iii) catalyst, in the absence of any additives. The high efficiency, regioselectivity and chemoselectivity are comparable to those of noble metal-based systems. The unique reactivity might be attributed to second coordination sphere effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Leconte
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
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22
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Leconte N, Moutet J, Constantin T, Molton F, Philouze C, Thomas F. Coordination Chemistry of the Redox Non-Innocent Ligand Bis(2-amino-3,5-di-tert
-butylphenyl)amine with Group 10 Metal Ions (Ni, Pd, Pt). Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Leconte
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-5250; Université Grenoble Alpes; BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Jules Moutet
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-5250; Université Grenoble Alpes; BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Thibaut Constantin
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-5250; Université Grenoble Alpes; BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Florian Molton
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-5250; Université Grenoble Alpes; BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Christian Philouze
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-5250; Université Grenoble Alpes; BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Fabrice Thomas
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-5250; Université Grenoble Alpes; BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
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23
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Roy S, Pramanik S, Patra SC, Adhikari B, Mondal A, Ganguly S, Pramanik K. Ambient-Stable Bis-Azoaromatic-Centered Diradical [(L •)M(L •)] Complexes of Rh(III): Synthesis, Structure, Redox, and Spin-Spin Interaction. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12764-12774. [PMID: 29028330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bis-azoaromatic electron traps, viz. 2-(2-pyridylazo)azoarene 1, have been synthesized by colligating electron-deficient pyridine and azoarene moieties, and they act as apposite proradical templates for the formation of stable open-shell diradical complexes [(1•-)RhIII(1•-)]+ ([2]+), starting from the low-valent electron reservoir [RhI]. The less stable monoradical [RhIII(1•-)Cl2(PPh3)3] (3) has also been isolated as a minor product. These π-radical complexes are multiredox systems, and the electron transfer processes occur exclusively within the pincer-type NNN ligand backbone 1. Molecular and electronic structures of the diradicals and monoradicals have been ascertained with the aid of X-ray diffraction, electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and spectral (electronic, IR, NMR, and EPR) studies. In the diradicals [2]+, the orthogonal disposition of two ligand π orbitals linked via a closed-shell metal center (t26) impedes significant coupling between the radicals. Indeed, the observed magnetic moment of [2a]+ lies near ∼2.3 μB over the temperature range 50-300 K. A very weak antiferromagnetic (AF) intramolecular spin-spin interaction between two ligand π arrays in [(1•-)RhIII(1•-)]+ have been found experimentally (J ≈ -5 cm-1), and this is further substantiated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the (U)B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Shuvam Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sarat Chandra Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Basab Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhishake Mondal
- University of Bordeaux , CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France.,Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science , C. V. Raman Road, 560012, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjib Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College , Kolkata 700016, India
| | - Kausikisankar Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032, India
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Kochem A, Molloy JK, Gellon G, Leconte N, Philouze C, Berthiol F, Jarjayes O, Thomas F. A Structurally Characterized Cu III Complex Supported by a Bis(anilido) Ligand and Its Oxidative Catalytic Activity. Chemistry 2017; 23:13929-13940. [PMID: 28742929 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Three copper(II) complexes of the (R,R)-N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-aminobenzylidene)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane ligand, namely [Cu(N L)], [Cu(N LH)]+ and [Cu(N LH2 )]2+ , were prepared and structurally characterized. In [Cu(N LH2 )]2+ the copper ion lies in an octahedral geometry with the aniline groups coordinated in equatorial positions. In [Cu(N L)] the anilines are deprotonated (anilido moieties) and coordinated to an almost square-planar metal ion. Complex [Cu(N L)] displays two oxidation waves at E1/2ox, 1 =-0.14 V and E1/2ox, 2 =0.36 V vs. Fc+ /Fc in CH2 Cl2 . Complex [Cu(N LH2 )]2+ displays an irreversible oxidation wave at high potential (1.21 V), but shows a readily accessible and reversible metal-centered reduction at E1/2red =-0.67 V (CuII /CuI redox couple). Oxidation of [Cu(N L)] by AgSbF6 produces [Cu(N L)](SbF6 ), which was isolated as single crystals. X-ray structure analysis discloses a contraction of the coordination sphere by 0.05 Å upon oxidation, supporting a metal-centered process. Complex [Cu(N L)](SbF6 ) displays an intense NIR band at 1260 nm corresponding to an anilido-to-copper(III) charge transfer transition. This compound slowly evolves in CH2 Cl2 solution towards [Cu(N LH)](SbF6 ), which is a copper(II) complex comprised of both anilido and aniline groups coordinated to the metal center. The copper(III) complex [Cu(N L)](SbF6 ) is an efficient catalyst for benzyl alcohol oxidation, with 236 TON in 24 h at 298 K, without additives other than oxygen and a base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Kochem
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jennifer K Molloy
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Gisèle Gellon
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Nicolas Leconte
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Christian Philouze
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Florian Berthiol
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Olivier Jarjayes
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Fabrice Thomas
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Mondal S, Maity S, Ghosh P. A Redox-Active Cascade Precursor: Isolation of a Zwitterionic Triphenylphosphonio-Hydrazyl Radical and an Indazolo-Indazole Derivative. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8878-8888. [PMID: 28696110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A redox-active [ML] unit (M = CoII and MnII; LH2 = N'-(1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)benzohydrazide) defined as a cascade precursor that undergoes a multicomponent redox reaction comprising of a C-N bond formation, tautomerization, oxidation, C-C coupling, demetalation, and affording 6,14-dibenzoylbenzo[f]benzo[5,6]indazolo[3a,3-c]indazole-5,8,13,16-tetraone (IndL2) is reported. Conversion of LH2 → IndL2 in air is overall a (6H++6e) oxidation reaction, and it opens a route for the syntheses of bioactive diarylindazolo[3a,3-c]indazole derivatives. The reaction occurs via a radical coupling reaction, and the radical intermediate was isolated as a triphenylphosphonio adduct. In presence of PPh3 the [ML] unit promotes a reaction that involves a C-P bond formation, tautomerization, and oxidation to yield a stable zwitterionic triphenylphosphonio-hydrazyl radical (PPh3L±•). Conversion of LH2 → PPh3L±• is a (3H++3e) oxidation reaction. To authenticate the [ML] unit, in addition to the IndL2, a zinc(II) complex, [(L3)ZnII(H2O)Cl]·2MeOH (1·2MeOH), was successfully isolated (L3H = a pyridazine derivative of 1,4 naphthoquinone) from a reaction of LH2 with hydrated ZnCl2. Conversion of 3LH2 → 1 is also a multicomponent (6H++6e) oxidation reaction promoted by zinc(II) ion via a radical intermediate. Facile oxidation of [L2-] to [L•-] that was considered as an intermediate of these conversions was confirmed by isolating a 1,4 naphthoquinone-benzhydrazyl radical (LH•) complex, [(LH•)ZnII(H2O)Cl2] (2H•). The intermediates of LH2 → IndL2, LH2 → PPh3L±•, and 3LH2 → 1 conversions were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy. The molecular and electronic structures of PPh3L±•, IndL2, 1·2MeOH, and 2H• were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, R. K. Mission Residential College, Narendrapur , Kolkata 103, West Bengal, India
| | - Suvendu Maity
- Department of Chemistry, R. K. Mission Residential College, Narendrapur , Kolkata 103, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasanta Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, R. K. Mission Residential College, Narendrapur , Kolkata 103, West Bengal, India
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Moutet J, Philouze C, du Moulinet d'Hardemare A, Leconte N, Thomas F. Ni(II) Complexes of the Redox-Active Bis(2-aminophenyl)dipyrrin: Structural, Spectroscopic, and Theoretical Characterization of Three Members of an Electron Transfer Series. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:6380-6392. [PMID: 28513171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The sterically hindered bis(2-aminophenyl)dipyrrin ligand H3NL was prepared. X-ray diffraction discloses a bifurcated hydrogen bonding network involving the dipyrrin and one aniline ring. The reaction of H3NL with one equivalent of nickel(II) in the air produces a paramagnetic neutral complex, which absorbs intensively in the Vis-NIR region. Its electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum displays resonances at g1 = 2.033, g2 = 2.008, and g3 = 1.962 that are reminiscent of an (S = 1/2) system having a predominant organic radical character. Both the structural investigation (X-ray diffraction) and density functional theory calculations on [NiII(NL•)] points to an unprecedented mixed "pyrrolyl-anilinyl" radical character. The neutral complex [NiII(NL•)] exhibits both a reversible oxidation wave at -0.28 V vs Fc+/Fc and a reversible reduction wave at -0.91 V. The anion was found to be highly air-sensitive, but could be prepared by reduction with cobaltocene and structurally characterized. It comprises a Ni(II) ion coordinated to a closed-shell trianionic ligand and hence can be formulated as [NiII(NL)]-. The cation was generated by reacting [NiII(NL•)] with one equivalent of silver hexafluoroantimonate. By X-ray diffraction we established that it contains an oxidized, closed-shell ligand coordinated to a nickel(II) ion. We found that a reliable hallmark for both the oxidation state of the ligand and the extent of delocalization within the series is the bond connecting the dipyrrin and the aniline, which ranges between 1.391 Å (cation) and 1.449 Å (anion). The cation and anion exhibit a rich Vis-NIR spectrum, despite their nonradical nature. The low energy bands correspond to ligand-based electronic excitations. Hence, the HOMO-LUMO gap is small, and the redox processes in the electron transfer series are exclusively ligand-centered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Moutet
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire - Chimie Inorganique Redox (CIRE) - UMR CNRS 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes , B. P. 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Christian Philouze
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire - Chimie Inorganique Redox (CIRE) - UMR CNRS 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes , B. P. 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Amaury du Moulinet d'Hardemare
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire - Chimie Inorganique Redox (CIRE) - UMR CNRS 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes , B. P. 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Nicolas Leconte
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire - Chimie Inorganique Redox (CIRE) - UMR CNRS 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes , B. P. 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Fabrice Thomas
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire - Chimie Inorganique Redox (CIRE) - UMR CNRS 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes , B. P. 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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