1
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Liang D, Zhou QQ, Xuan J. Multiple-cycle photochemical cascade reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2156-2174. [PMID: 38385507 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00071d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Cascade reactions represent an efficient and economical synthetic approach, enabling the rapid synthesis of a wide array of structurally complex organic compounds. These compounds, previously inaccessible, can now be synthesized in a remarkably limited number of steps. Concurrently, the photochemical reactions of organic molecules have gained prominence as a potent strategy for accessing a diverse range of radical species and intermediates. This is achieved in a controlled manner under mild conditions. Owing to the relentless endeavors of chemists, significant strides have been made in the realm of photochemical cascade reactions. These advancements have facilitated the synthesis of novel molecular structures with high complexity, structures that are typically challenging to generate under thermal conditions. In this review, we comprehensively summarize and underscore the recent pivotal advancements in visible-light-induced cascade reactions. Our focus is on the elucidation of multiple photochemical catalytic cycles, emphasizing the catalytic activation modes and the types of reactions involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Quan-Quan Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhang J, Liu J, Li X, Ju Y, Li Y, Zhang G, Li Y. Unexpected Cyclization Product Discovery from the Photoinduced Bioconjugation Chemistry between Tetrazole and Amine. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2122-2131. [PMID: 38190443 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Bioconjugation chemistry has emerged as a powerful tool for the modification of diverse biomolecules under mild conditions. Tetrazole, initially proposed as a bioorthogonal photoclick handle for 1,3-dipolar cyclization with alkenes, was later demonstrated to possess broader photoreactivity with carboxylic acids, serving as a versatile bioconjugation and photoaffinity labeling probe. In this study, we unexpectedly discovered and validated the photoreactivity between tetrazole and primary amine to afford a new 1,2,4-triazole cyclization product. Given the significance of functionalized N-heterocycles in medicinal chemistry, we successfully harnessed the serendipitously discovered reaction to synthesize both pharmacologically relevant DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DELs) and small molecule compounds bearing 1,2,4-triazole scaffolds. Furthermore, the mild reaction conditions and stable 1,2,4-triazole linkage found broad application in photoinduced bioconjugation scenarios, spanning from intramolecular peptide macrocyclization and templated DNA reaction cross-linking to intermolecular photoaffinity labeling of proteins. Triazole cross-linking products on lysine side chains were identified in tetrazole-labeled proteins, refining the comprehensive understanding of the photo-cross-linking profiles of tetrazole-based probes. Altogether, this tetrazole-amine bioconjugation expands the current bioconjugation toolbox and creates new possibilities at the interface of medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Jinlu Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yunzhu Ju
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yangfeng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yizhou Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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3
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Savateev O, Nolkemper K, Kühne TD, Shvalagin V, Markushyna Y, Antonietti M. Extent of carbon nitride photocharging controls energetics of hydrogen transfer in photochemical cascade processes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7684. [PMID: 38001091 PMCID: PMC10674013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride is widely studied in organic photoredox catalysis. Reductive quenching of carbon nitride excited state is postulated in many photocatalytic transformations. However, the reactivity of this species in the turn over step is less explored. In this work, we investigate electron and proton transfer from carbon nitride that is photocharged to a various extent, while the negative charge is compensated either by protons or ammonium cations. Strong stabilization of electrons by ammonium cations makes proton-coupled electron transfer uphill, and affords air-stable persistent carbon nitride radicals. In carbon nitrides, which are photocharged to a smaller extent, protons do not stabilize electrons, which results in spontaneous charge transfer to oxidants. Facile proton-coupled electron transfer is a key step in the photocatalytic oxidative-reductive cascade - tetramerization of benzylic amines. The feasibility of proton-coupled electron transfer is modulated by adjusting the extent of carbon nitride photocharging, type of counterion and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Karlo Nolkemper
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable System Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Thomas D Kühne
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable System Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098, Paderborn, Germany
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS) and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Untermarkt 20, D-02826, Görlitz, Germany
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Chair of Computational System Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vitaliy Shvalagin
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yevheniia Markushyna
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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4
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Yoshida Y, Ida H, Mino T, Sakamoto M. Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of α-Imino Esters with Azo Compounds: Facile Construction of Pentasubstituted 1,2,4-Triazoline Skeletons. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114339. [PMID: 37298816 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
1,2,4-Triazole and 1,2,4-triazoline are important components of bioactive molecules and catalysts employed in organic synthesis. Therefore, the efficient synthesis of these components has received significant research attention. However, studies on their structural diversity remain lacking. Previously, we developed chiral phase-transfer-catalyzed asymmetric reactions of α-imino carbonyl compounds with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and haloalkanes. In this study, we demonstrate the formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of α-imino esters with azo compounds under Brønsted base catalysis, resulting in the corresponding 1,2,4-triazolines in high yields. The results revealed that a wide range of substrates and reactants can be applied, irrespective of their steric and electronic characteristics. The present reaction made the general preparation of 3-aryl pentasubstituted 1,2,4-triazolines possible for the first time. Furthermore, a mechanistic study suggested that the reaction proceeds without isomerization into the aldimine form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yoshida
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Ida
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8522, Japan
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5
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Cai BG, Li Q, Xuan J. Copper-catalyzed 2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-triazoles synthesis through [3+2]-cycloaddition of nitrile ylides with azodicarboxylates. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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6
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Mishra P, Shruti I, Kant R, Thakur TS, Kumar A, Rastogi N. Visible Light Organo‐Photocatalytic Synthesis of 3‐Imidazolines. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Mishra
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road 226 031 Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 201002 Ghaziabad India
| | - Ipsha Shruti
- Biochemistry & Structural Biology Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road 226031 Lucknow India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Biochemistry & Structural Biology Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road 226031 Lucknow India
| | - Tejender S. Thakur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 201002 Ghaziabad India
- Biochemistry & Structural Biology Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road 226031 Lucknow India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road 226 031 Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 201002 Ghaziabad India
| | - Namrata Rastogi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road 226 031 Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 201002 Ghaziabad India
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7
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Schirmer TE, König B. Ion-Pairing Catalysis in Stereoselective, Light-Induced Transformations. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19207-19218. [PMID: 36240496 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of photoredox catalysis, numerous concepts for asymmetric induction were successfully and broadly adapted from polar two-electron transformations to radical chemistry. While this applies to organocatalysis or transition metal chemistry, asymmetric ion-pairing catalysis remains a niche application within light-driven reactions today. This perspective gives an overview of recent examples, strategies, and their application in stereoselective transformations at the interface of ion-pairing and photo(redox) catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias E Schirmer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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8
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Genzink MJ, Kidd JB, Swords WB, Yoon TP. Chiral Photocatalyst Structures in Asymmetric Photochemical Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:1654-1716. [PMID: 34606251 PMCID: PMC8792375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis is a major theme of research in contemporary synthetic organic chemistry. The discovery of general strategies for highly enantioselective photochemical reactions, however, has been a relatively recent development, and the variety of photoreactions that can be conducted in a stereocontrolled manner is consequently somewhat limited. Asymmetric photocatalysis is complicated by the short lifetimes and high reactivities characteristic of photogenerated reactive intermediates; the design of catalyst architectures that can provide effective enantiodifferentiating environments for these intermediates while minimizing the participation of uncontrolled racemic background processes has proven to be a key challenge for progress in this field. This review provides a summary of the chiral catalyst structures that have been studied for solution-phase asymmetric photochemistry, including chiral organic sensitizers, inorganic chromophores, and soluble macromolecules. While some of these photocatalysts are derived from privileged catalyst structures that are effective for both ground-state and photochemical transformations, others are structural designs unique to photocatalysis and offer insight into the logic required for highly effective stereocontrolled photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Genzink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jesse B Kidd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tehshik P Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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9
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Wang L, Liu C, Li L, Wang X, Sun R, Zhou M, Wang H. Visible‐Light‐Promoted
[3 + 2] Cycloaddition of
2
H
‐Azirines
with Quinones: Access to Substituted Benzo[
f
]isoindole‐4,9‐diones. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun Liaoning 113001 China
| | - Chuang Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun Liaoning 113001 China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun Liaoning 113001 China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun Liaoning 113001 China
| | - Ran Sun
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun Liaoning 113001 China
| | - Ming‐Dong Zhou
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun Liaoning 113001 China
| | - He Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun Liaoning 113001 China
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10
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Cao S, Tang T, Li J, He Z. Visible light-driven [3 + 3] annulation reaction of 2 H-azirines with Huisgen zwitterions and synthesis of 1,2,4-triazines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00564f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-driven [3 + 3] annulation reaction of 2H-azirines with Huisgen zwitterions is developed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiatian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhengjie He
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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11
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Agafonova A, Sakharov P, Smetanin I, Rostovskii NV, Khlebnikov AF, Novikov M. Stannyl radical-mediated synthesis of 6H-1,3-oxazin-6-ones from 2-acyloxyazirines or whether free radicals can open the azirine ring? Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00783e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fundamentally new radical cascade reaction of 2-acyloxyazirines underlays an effective one-step method for the preparation of 5-hydroxy-6H-1,3-oxazin-6-ones from methyl 2-acyloxy-2H-azirine-2-carboxylates using Bu3SnH/ACHN system as a source of stannyl radicals....
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12
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Yuan L, Yuan GQ. Electrosynthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles from phenylhydrazine, aldehydes and amines under mild conditions. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Ramani A, Desai B, Dholakiya BZ, Naveen T. Recent advances in visible-light mediated functionalization of olefins and alkynes using copper catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7850-7873. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01611g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, visible-light photoredox catalysis has blossomed as a powerful strategy and offers a discrete activation mode complementary to thermal controlled reactions. Visible-light-mediated photoredox catalysis also offers exciting...
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14
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Sun S, Huang J, Yuan C, Wang G, Guo D, Wang J. Switchable assembly of substituted pyrimidines and 2 H-imidazoles via Cu( i)-catalysed ring expansion of 2 methoxyl-2 H-azirines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00341d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented switchable synthesis of substituted pyrimidines and 2H-imidazoles via the Cu(i)-catalyzed ring expansion of 2-methoxyl-2H-azirines is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofa Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Gangqiang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Donghui Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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15
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Guo W, Liu G, Deng L, Mei W, Zou X, Zhong Y, Zhuo X, Fan X, Zheng L. Metal- and Oxidant-Free Green Three-Component Desulfurization and Deamination Condensation Approach to Fully Substituted 1 H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amines and Their Photophysical Properties. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17986-18003. [PMID: 34825562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A metal- and oxidant-free three-component desulfurization and deamination condensation of amidines, isothiocyanates, and hydrazines for the synthesis of structurally diverse fully substituted 1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amines is described. The reaction proceeds without the requirement of any external catalysts, metals, ligands, or oxidants. This [2 + 1 + 2] cyclization strategy involves C-N and C-S bond cleavage and the formation of new C-N bonds in one pot. This transformation provides a series of full substituted 1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amines with advantages of a broad substrates scope, mild reaction conditions, environmental friendliness, and easy gram-scale applications. The fluorescence and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties of selected products were further tested. These synthesized 1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amines may be worth investigating for further applications in the fields of organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Gongping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Weijie Mei
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yumei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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16
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De A, Majee A. Synthesis of various functionalized
2
H
‐azirines: An
updated library. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aramita De
- Department of Chemistry Visva‐Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan India
| | - Adinath Majee
- Department of Chemistry Visva‐Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan India
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17
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Xu GQ, Xu PF. Visible light organic photoredox catalytic cascade reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12914-12935. [PMID: 34782893 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04883j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years, impressive progress has been made in the development of organic photoredox catalytic cascade reactions without the participation of expensive and toxic transition metals under visible light irradiation. These transformations highly depend on the in situ generation of various radical species in the photoredox catalytic cycles. Numerous chemically and biomedically valuable building blocks have been synthesized through this efficient and sustainable protocol. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in this blooming area by presenting a series of new catalytic cascade reactions mediated by organic photoredox catalysts and describe their mechanisms and applications which have appeared in the recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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18
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Wang Z, Li H, Wang Z, Suleman M, Wang Y, Lu P. Photocatalytic Approach for Construction of 5,6-Dihydroimidazo[2,1- a]isoquinolines and Their Luminescent Properties. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8101-8111. [PMID: 34060831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-driven photoredox reaction of tetrahydroisoquinoline with 2H-azirines is described. 4,7-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole, a benzothiadiazole (BTD) derived fluorophore, is used as an organic photoredox catalyst, and the reaction offers an efficient access to 5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolines with a broad range of functional groups. The resulting 5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolines present strong photoluminecence in solutions and powders and could be applied in the fabrication of blue OLED devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaibin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hanjie Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanguang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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19
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Sun H, Yang M, Pu S, Gou L, Lv C, He J, Hou X, Xu K. A facile photochemical strategy for the synthesis of high-performance amorphous MoS 2 nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2830-2836. [PMID: 36134189 PMCID: PMC9419246 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00165e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to avoid the formation of polysulfides by traditional chemical methods, and the synthesis of high purity amorphous MoS2 nanomaterials under ambient conditions is still a challenging task. Here we present a new and facile photochemical strategy for the synthesis of amorphous MoS2 nanomaterials, which is achieved by irradiating a mixed solution containing ammonium molybdate, formic acid and sodium sulfide simply with a Xe lamp for 3 min. The mechanism study reveals that the key step in this synthesis is the photolysis of formic acid to produce free radicals which can rapidly reduce Mo6+ to Mo4+, which then combines with S2- to form MoS2 and inhibits the formation of S-S2- by preventing S2- from participating in the reduction reaction. In addition, the results of a series of experiments indicate that the as-prepared amorphous MoS2 features a small particle size, uniform morphology and relatively large specific surface area, and shows excellent performance in the removal of inorganic heavy metal ions (mercury, lead and cadmium ions) and organic pollutants (rhodamine B and tetracycline), catalase catalysis and a lithium battery anode, showing its great potential and broad application prospects in the fields of environmental remediation, clean energy and green catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Manlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Shan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Lichen Gou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Caizhi Lv
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Juan He
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Kailai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
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20
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Pokhriyal A, Singh Karki B, Kant R, Rastogi N. Redox-Neutral 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of 2 H-Azirines with 2,4,6-Triarylpyrylium Salts under Visible Light Irradiation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4661-4670. [PMID: 33677969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel visible light mediated redox-neutral 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 2H-azirines with 2,4,6-triarylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate salts providing tetrasubstituted pyrroles has been developed. The 2,4,6-triarylpyrylium salt acts as dipolarophile as well as photosensitizer in the reaction, under blue light irradiation. The control experiments indicated single electron oxidation of 2H-azirines by photoexcited pyrylium salts, followed by coupling between an azaallenyl radical cation and triarylpyranyl radical as the key mechanistic feature. The mild conditions, wide substrate scope, and complete regioselectivity are the noticeable attributes of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhupal Singh Karki
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Namrata Rastogi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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21
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Luque A, Paternoga J, Opatz T. Strain Release Chemistry of Photogenerated Small-Ring Intermediates. Chemistry 2021; 27:4500-4516. [PMID: 33080091 PMCID: PMC7986234 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical processes, such as isomerizations and cycloadditions, have proven to be very useful in the construction of highly strained molecular frameworks. Photoinduced ring strain enables subsequent exergonic reactions which do not require the input of additional chemical energy and provides a variety of attractive synthetic options leading to complex structures. This review covers the progress achieved in the application of sequences combining excitation by ultraviolet light to form strained intermediates, which are further transformed to lower energy products in strain-release reactions. As ring strain is considerable in small ring systems, photogenerated three- and four-membered rings will be covered, mainly focusing on examples from 2000 to May 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Luque
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Jan Paternoga
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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22
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Okamoto K, Eguchi A, Ohe K. Chemistry of 2H-Azirines from Old to New — Selective Synthesis and Transformation. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | | | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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23
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Nickel-catalyzed formal [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of 2H-azirines with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds for the synthesis of pyrroles. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Li X, Ye X, Wei C, Shan C, Wojtas L, Wang Q, Shi X. Diazo Activation with Diazonium Salts: Synthesis of Indazole and 1,2,4-Triazole. Org Lett 2020; 22:4151-4155. [PMID: 32463244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A donor/acceptor diazo activation strategy, processing via condensation using diazonium salts without the addition of any other catalysts or reagents, is reported. The diazenium intermediate was found to undergo cyclization to give indazoles in excellent yields. Alternatively, in the presence of nitriles, substituted 1,2,4-triazoles were obtained in good to excellent yields. This interesting diazenium route provides a new approach to achieve complex heterocycle synthesis under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Li
- The Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Xiaohan Ye
- The Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Chiyu Wei
- The Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Chuan Shan
- The Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- The Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Qilin Wang
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- The Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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25
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Xuan J, He XK, Xiao WJ. Visible light-promoted ring-opening functionalization of three-membered carbo- and heterocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2546-2556. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00523d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this tutorial review, synthetic and mechanistic aspects of visible light-promoted ring-opening functionalization of three-membered carbo- and heterocycles are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Kui He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
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26
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Zhang J, Yang M, Liu JB, He FS, Wu J. A copper-catalyzed insertion of sulfur dioxide via radical coupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3225-3228. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed reaction of O-acyl oximes, DABCO·(SO2)2, and 2H-azirines is developed under mild conditions, leading to diverse tetrasubstituted β-sulfonyl N-unprotected enamines with excellent stereoselectivity and regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000
- China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Jin-Biao Liu
- School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Fu-Sheng He
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000
- China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
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27
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Karki BS, Devi L, Pokhriyal A, Kant R, Rastogi N. Visible Light‐Induced, Metal‐Free Denitrative [3+2] Cycloaddition for Trisubstituted Pyrrole Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4793-4797. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupal S. Karki
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry DivisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec. 10, Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173 Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi 110001 India
| | - Lalita Devi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry DivisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec. 10, Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173 Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi 110001 India
| | - Ayushi Pokhriyal
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry DivisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec. 10, Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173 Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular & Structural Biology DivisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec. 10, Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173 Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Namrata Rastogi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry DivisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec. 10, Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173 Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi 110001 India
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28
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Guru MM, De S, Dutta S, Koley D, Maji B. B(C 6F 5) 3-catalyzed dehydrogenative cyclization of N-tosylhydrazones and anilines via a Lewis adduct: a combined experimental and computational investigation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7964-7974. [PMID: 31853352 PMCID: PMC6839809 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-catalyzed dehydrogenative-cyclization of N-tosylhydrazones with aromatic amines has been disclosed. This metal-free catalytic protocol is compatible with a range of functional groups to provide both symmetrical and unsymmetrical 3,4,5-triaryl-1,2,4-triazoles. Mechanistic experiments and density functional theory (DFT) studies suggest an initial Lewis adduct formation of N-tosylhydrazone with B(C6F5)3 followed by sequential intermolecular amination of the borane adduct with aniline, intramolecular cyclization and frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)-catalyzed dehydrogenation for the generation of substituted 1,2,4-triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Mohan Guru
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur-741246 , India . ;
| | - Sriman De
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur-741246 , India . ;
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur-741246 , India . ;
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur-741246 , India . ;
| | - Biplab Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur-741246 , India . ;
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29
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Alifu Z, Nizhamu M, Ablajan K. Efficient synthesis of N′-benzylidene-2-hydroxymethylbenzohydrazides from the one-pot reaction of phthalide, hydrazine and aldehydes. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Cai BG, Chen ZL, Xu GY, Xuan J, Xiao WJ. [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition of 2H-Azirines with Nitrosoarenes: Visible-Light-Promoted Synthesis of 2,5-Dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles. Org Lett 2019; 21:4234-4238. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Gui Cai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze-Le Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yong Xu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Khlebnikov AF, Novikov MS, Rostovskii NV. Advances in 2H-azirine chemistry: A seven-year update. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Farney EP, Chapman SJ, Swords WB, Torelli MD, Hamers RJ, Yoon TP. Discovery and Elucidation of Counteranion Dependence in Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6385-6391. [PMID: 30897327 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a renewed interest in the use of transition metal polypyridyl complexes as photoredox catalysts for a variety of innovative synthetic applications. Many derivatives of these complexes are known, and the effect of ligand modifications on their efficacy as photoredox catalysts has been the subject of extensive, systematic investigation. However, the influence of the photocatalyst counteranion has received little attention, despite the fact that these complexes are generally cationic in nature. Herein, we demonstrate that counteranion effects exert a surprising, dramatic impact on the rate of a representative photocatalytic radical cation Diels-Alder reaction. A detailed analysis reveals that counteranion identity impacts multiple aspects of the reaction mechanism. Most notably, photocatalysts with more noncoordinating counteranions yield a more powerful triplet excited state oxidant and longer radical cation chain length. It is proposed that this counteranion effect arises from Coulombic ion-pairing interactions between the counteranion and both the cationic photoredox catalyst and the radical cation intermediate, respectively. The comparatively slower rate of reaction with coordinating counteranions can be rescued by using hydrogen-bonding anion binders that attenuate deleterious ion-pairing interactions. These results demonstrate the importance of counteranion identity as a variable in the design and optimization of photoredox transformations and suggest a novel strategy for the optimization of organic reactions using this class of transition metal photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot P Farney
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Steven J Chapman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Marco D Torelli
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Robert J Hamers
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Tehshik P Yoon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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33
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Xu F, Si XJ, Song YY, Wang XD, Liu CS, Geng PF, Du M. Palladium-Catalyzed C–N Bond Cleavage of 2H-Azirines for the Synthesis of Functionalized α-Amido Ketones. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2200-2208. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Xu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiao-Ju Si
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Song
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xing-Dong Wang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chun-Sen Liu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Peng-Fei Geng
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Miao Du
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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34
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Wang H, Man Y, Xiang Y, Wang K, Li N, Tang B. Regioselective intramolecular Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov hydrofunctionalization of alkenes via photoredox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11426-11429. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05902d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly regioselective Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov hydrofunctionalization of alkenes was successfully realized via photoredox catalysis by introducing a urea group and fine tuning hydrogen atom transfer catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
| | - Yunquan Man
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
| | - Yanan Xiang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
| | - Kaiye Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
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35
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Wang M, Hou J, Yu W, Chang J. Synthesis of 2 H-Azirines via Iodine-Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of Enamines. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14954-14961. [PMID: 30474371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A facile and practical oxidative cyclization reaction of enamines to 2 H-azirines has been developed, employing molecular iodine. The features of the present synthetic approach include no use of transition metals, mild reaction conditions, and simplicity of operation. Under the optimal reaction conditions, a variety of 2 H-azirine derivatives were synthesized from simple and readily accessible enamine precursors in an efficient and scalable fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Hou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenquan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , People's Republic of China
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36
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Li H, Wu X, Hao W, Li H, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Lian P, Zheng Y, Bao X, Wan X. [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Nitrile Ylides with Diazonium Salts: Copper-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Fully Substituted 1,2,4-Triazoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:5224-5227. [PMID: 30146886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel [3 + 2] cycloaddition between nitrile ylides and diazonium salts was well-established. This copper-catalyzed three-component reaction was distinguished by mild conditions, ready availability, and operational simplicity, thus opening access to 1,2,4-triazoles with a diverse set of substitution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Lian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
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37
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Zhao MN, Zhang W, Wang XC, Zhang Y, Yang DS, Guan ZH. Modular 2,3-diaryl-2H-azirine synthesis from ketoxime acetates via Cs2CO3-mediated cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4333-4337. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00923f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A practical and effective Cs2CO3-mediated cyclization of ketoxime acetates for the synthesis of 2H-azirines has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Xu-Cai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - De-Suo Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Baoji University of Arts and Sciences
- Baoji
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
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38
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Rostovskii NV, Smetanin IA, Agafonova AV, Sakharov PA, Ruvinskaya JO, Khlebnikov AF, Novikov MS. Facile access to 2-acyloxy-, aryloxy- and alkenyloxy-2H-azirinesviaan SN2′–SN2′ cascade in 2-halo-2H-azirines. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:3248-3257. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00553b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient method of synthesis of 2-oxygen-substituted 2H-azirinesviathe unusual SN2′–SN2′ cascade halogen substitution in 2-halo-2H-azirines is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilia A. Smetanin
- St. Petersburg State University
- Institute of Chemistry
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | | | - Pavel A. Sakharov
- St. Petersburg State University
- Institute of Chemistry
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | | | | | - Mikhail S. Novikov
- St. Petersburg State University
- Institute of Chemistry
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
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39
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40
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Wang H, Man Y, Wang K, Wan X, Tong L, Li N, Tang B. Hydrogen bond directed aerobic oxidation of amines via photoredox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10989-10992. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06603e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An application of H-bonding interactions for directing the α-C–H oxidation of amines to amides and amino-ketones catalyzed by an organic photocatalyst with high yields and a wide substrate scope is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Molecular and Nano Science
| | - Yunquan Man
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Molecular and Nano Science
| | - Kaiye Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Molecular and Nano Science
| | - Xiuyan Wan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Molecular and Nano Science
| | - Lili Tong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Molecular and Nano Science
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Molecular and Nano Science
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Molecular and Nano Science
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