1
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Hu Y, Zhao Y, Peng JF, Dong L, Xu YJ. Synthesis of Nitrones and Nitroalkanes via Chiral Cyclic Imines. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38805677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A series of structurally chiral cyclic imines efficiently yields chiral nitrones and nitroalkanes. This is the first report of the synthesis of nitro groups by C═N bond cleavage of imines through a nitrone intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - Jun-Feng Peng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan-Jun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
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2
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Zhu M, Zhu M, Wei F, Shao C, Li X, Liu B. Synthesis of Bridged Cycloisoxazoline Scaffolds via Rhodium-Catalyzed Coupling of Nitrones with Cyclic Carbonate. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16330-16339. [PMID: 37966420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Bridged isoxazolidines were synthesized via Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H allylation of α-aryl nitrones with 5-methylene-1,3-dioxan-2-one. The nitrone group serves as a directing group and 1,3-dipole in the C-H activation/[3 + 2] cycloaddition cascade, exhibiting excellent chemo- and stereoselectivity along with good functional group compatibility. The resulting skeletal structure was conveniently modified to produce a range of important chemical frameworks, and the protocol was applied to biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Mengdie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Fangjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Chongjing Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Bingxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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3
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Hu XM, Huang R, Wen QL, Duan YG, Cao XL, Yan SJ. Hydroxyl-Directed Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization: Access to Benzo[ de]chromenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:1622-1627. [PMID: 36867606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A cascade oxidative annulation reaction of heterocyclic ketene aminals (HKAs) with internal alkynes catalyzed by [Cp*RhCl2]2 and oxidized by Cu(OAc)2·H2O was developed to efficiently synthesize highly functionalized benzo[de]chromene derivatives in good to excellent yields. The reaction proceeded by the sequential cleavage of C(sp2)-H/O-H and C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H bonds. These multicomponent cascade reactions were highly regioselective. In addition, all of the benzo[de]chromene products exhibited intense fluorescence emission in the solid state, and they demonstrated concentration-dependent quenching in the presence of Fe3+, indicating that these compounds could be used in the recognition of Fe3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Mei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Lin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Gang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ling Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Jiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
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4
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Li MF, Shi SQ, Xu T, Zhang Q, Hao WJ, Wang SL, Wang J, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Stereoselective construction of azepine-containing bridged scaffolds via organocata-lytic bicyclization of yne-allenone esters with nitrones. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Ma P, Wang Y, Wang J. Cu‐catalyzed synthesis of 1‐naphthols with terminal alkynes and 2‐bromoaryl ketones. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Tianjin University Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin China
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6
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Zheng S, Smit W, Spannenberg A, Tin S, de Vries JG. Synthesis of α-Keto Aldehydes via Selective Cu(I)-catalyzed Oxidation of α-Hydroxy Ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4639-4642. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00773h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient approach to synthesize α-keto aldehydes was established through selective oxidation of α-hydroxy ketones catalyzed by Cu(I) using oxygen as oxidant. A wide array of α-keto aldehydes was prepared...
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7
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Zhang X, Wang P, Zhu L, Chen B. Rhodium(III)-catalyzed chemodivergent annulations between phenyloxazoles and diazos via C–H activation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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8
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Brześkiewicz J, Stańska B, Dąbrowski P, Loska R. C−H Activation and Cross‐Coupling of Acyclic Aldonitrone. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Brześkiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Barbara Stańska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Dąbrowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Rafał Loska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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9
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Jiang J, Yuan D, Ma C, Song W, Lin Y, Hu L, Zhang Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Regiospecific peri- and ortho-C-H Oxygenations of Polyaromatic Rings Mediated by Tunable Directing Groups. Org Lett 2021; 23:279-284. [PMID: 33352055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient divergent approach of Pd-catalyzed C-H oxygenation of polyaromatic rings is described. Reversible directing groups enable regiospecific peri- and ortho-oxygenation to readily access a wide array of polyaromatic phenols without pre- and postmanipulation of directing groups. The systematic mechanistic investigation, including deuterium-labeling experiments, palladacycle trapping, and DFT calculations, reveals that the tunable ligand-assisted C-H bond cleavage played a crucial role during the reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Dandan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Congzhe Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wanbin Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yaoyu Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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10
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Chen T, Ding Z, Guan Y, Zhang R, Yao J, Chen Z. Ruthenium-catalyzed coupling of α-carbonyl phosphoniums with sulfoxonium ylides via C–H activation/Wittig reaction sequences. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2665-2668. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00433f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A Ru(ii)-catalyzed coupling of various α-carbonyl phosphoniums with sulfoxonium ylides has been realized for the facile synthesis of 1-naphthols in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Ding
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- P. R. China
| | - Yuqiu Guan
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- P. R. China
| | - Ruike Zhang
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- P. R. China
| | - Jinzhong Yao
- College of Biological
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Jiaxing University
- Jiaxing 314001
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangpei Chen
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- P. R. China
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11
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Lu XL, Yang B, He H, Gao S. Synthesis of polycyclic naphthols and naphthalenes via tandem Ti(Oi-Pr)4-promoted photoenolization Diels–Alder reaction and aromatization. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01346c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach to naphthol and naphthalene scaffolds has been developed using a sequence involving tandem Ti(Oi-Pr)4-promoted photoenolization Diels–Alder (PEDA) and aromatization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Baochao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Haibing He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
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12
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Chen J, Zhong T, Zheng X, Yin C, Zhang L, Zhou J, Jiang X, Yu C. Selective Synthesis of Fused Tricyclic [1,3]oxazino[3,4‐
a
]indolone and Dihydropyrimido [1,6‐a]indolone
via
Rh(III)‐catalyzed [3+3] or [4+2] C−H Annulation. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Tianshuo Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanliu Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
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13
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Vargas JAM, Day DP, Burtoloso ACB. Substituted Naphthols: Preparations, Applications, and Reactions. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Andrés Mora Vargas
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos Universidade de São Paulo CEP 13560‐970 São Carlos SP Brasil
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas Universidad Santiago de Cali Calle 5 # 62‐00, Campus Pampalinda Santiago de Cali Colombia
| | - David P. Day
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos Universidade de São Paulo CEP 13560‐970 São Carlos SP Brasil
| | - Antonio C. B. Burtoloso
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos Universidade de São Paulo CEP 13560‐970 São Carlos SP Brasil
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14
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Rani G, Luxami V, Paul K. Traceless directing groups: a novel strategy in regiodivergent C-H functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12479-12521. [PMID: 32985634 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04863a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of functional groups as internal ligands for assisting C-H functionalization, termed the chelation assisted strategy, is emerging as one of the most powerful tools for construction of C-C and C-X bonds from inert C-H bonds. However, there are various directing groups which cannot be either removed after functionalization or require some additional steps or reagents for their removal, thereby limiting the scope of structural diversity of the products, and the step and atom economy of the system. These limitations are overcome by the use of the traceless directing group (TDG) strategy wherein functionalization of the substrate and removal of the directing group can be carried out in a one pot fashion. Traceless directing groups serve as the most ideal chelation assisted strategy with a high degree of reactivity and selectivity without any requirement for additional steps for their removal. The present review overviews the use of various functional groups such as carboxylic acids, aldehydes, N-oxides, nitrones, N-nitroso amines, amides, sulfoxonium ylides and silicon tethered directing groups for assisting transition metal catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Rani
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147001, India.
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15
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Sun K, Lei J, Liu Y, Liu B, Chen N. Electrochemically Enabled Intramolecular and Intermolecular Annulations of Alkynes. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University Anyang 455000 People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy Harbin University of Commerce Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Lei
- School of Pharmacy Harbin University of Commerce Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- School of Pharmacy Harbin University of Commerce Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Pharmacy Harbin University of Commerce Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Pharmacy Harbin University of Commerce Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
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16
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Cai J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Yao F, Hu X, Liu W. Synthesis of Polysubstituted 2‐Naphthols by Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Arylation/Aromatization Cascade. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Cai
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences; Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen‐Kai Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences; Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yun‐Hao Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences; Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences; Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Xu‐Dong Hu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences; Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen‐Bo Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences; Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
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17
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Sun W, Shi X, Chen C, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Zhu B. Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization/Alkynylation of Alkene‐Tethered Carbamoyl Chlorides with Terminal Alkynes: Synthesis of Alkyne‐Functionalized Oxindoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Ping Zhu
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of ShandongYantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Zhengyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Bolin Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
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18
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Li T, Liu C, Wu S, Chen C, Zhu B. Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed unreactive C(sp 3)-H alkenylation of N-alkyl-1H-pyrazoles with alkynes. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7679-7683. [PMID: 31386754 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01531k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The first example of pyrazole-directed rhodium(iii)-catalyzed unreactive C(sp3)-H alkenylation with alkynes has been described, which showed a relatively broad substrate scope with good functional group compatibility. Moreover, we demonstrated that the transitive coordinating center pyrazole could be easily removed under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Shaonan Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Bolin Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
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19
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Abstract
Nitrones are important compounds and are highly useful in many aspects. The first part describes the methods for synthesis of nitrones, which are useful and environmentally friendly. Catalytic oxidations, condensations, and other useful reactions are described. The nitrones thus obtained are key intermediates for the synthesis of biologically important nitrogen compounds. The second part describes the fundamental transformations of nitrones, which will provide the strategies and means for the construction of nitrogen compounds. The reactions with nucleophiles or radicals, C-H functionalization, and various addition reactions are described. The last reactions are particularly important for highly selective carbon-carbon bond formations. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reactions are excluded because the size of the review is limited and excellent reviews have been published in Chemical Reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ichi Murahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , 1-3, Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Yasushi Imada
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Tokushima University , 2-1, Minamijosanjima , Tokushima 770-8506 , Japan
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20
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Rhodium-catalyzed C H activation/cyclization of enaminones with sulfoxonium ylides toward polysubstituted naphthalenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Yu Y, Wu Q, Liu D, Yu L, Tan Z, Zhu G. Synthesis of 1-naphthols via Cp*Co(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation and cyclization of sulfoxonium ylides with alkynes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A highly practical synthesis of 1-naphthols was developed via Cp*Co(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation and cyclization between sulfoxonium ylides and alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Qianlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Da Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Ze Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- P. R. China
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22
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Kong L, Han X, Li X. Access to 2-naphthols via Ru(ii)-catalyzed C–H annulation of nitrones with α-diazo sulfonyl ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7339-7342. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02949d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient synthesis of 2-naphthols was realized by Ru(ii)-catalyzed C–H activation of aryl nitrones and intermolecular [3+3] annulation with α-diazo sulfonyl ketones under redox-neutral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingheng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
- China
| | - Xi Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
- China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
- China
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23
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Chen W, Guo R, Yang Z, Gong J. Formal Total Synthesis of Hybocarpone Enabled by Visible-Light-Promoted Benzannulation. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15524-15532. [PMID: 30484314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formal total synthesis of hybocarpone was achieved in eight steps from commercially available 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene. Key transformations include a visible-light-promoted benzannulation to construct the key α-naphthol intermediate and a modified CAN-mediated dimerization/hydration cascade sequence to generate the vicinal all-carbon quaternary centers in a stereocontrolled manner. The total synthesis of boryquinone was also achieved in seven steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Renyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jianxian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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24
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Sambiagio C, Schönbauer D, Blieck R, Dao-Huy T, Pototschnig G, Schaaf P, Wiesinger T, Zia MF, Wencel-Delord J, Besset T, Maes BUW, Schnürch M. A comprehensive overview of directing groups applied in metal-catalysed C-H functionalisation chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6603-6743. [PMID: 30033454 PMCID: PMC6113863 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00201k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1087] [Impact Index Per Article: 181.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present review is devoted to summarizing the recent advances (2015-2017) in the field of metal-catalysed group-directed C-H functionalisation. In order to clearly showcase the molecular diversity that can now be accessed by means of directed C-H functionalisation, the whole is organized following the directing groups installed on a substrate. Its aim is to be a comprehensive reference work, where a specific directing group can be easily found, together with the transformations which have been carried out with it. Hence, the primary format of this review is schemes accompanied with a concise explanatory text, in which the directing groups are ordered in sections according to their chemical structure. The schemes feature typical substrates used, the products obtained as well as the required reaction conditions. Importantly, each example is commented on with respect to the most important positive features and drawbacks, on aspects such as selectivity, substrate scope, reaction conditions, directing group removal, and greenness. The targeted readership are both experts in the field of C-H functionalisation chemistry (to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress made in the last years) and, even more so, all organic chemists who want to introduce the C-H functionalisation way of thinking for a design of straightforward, efficient and step-economic synthetic routes towards molecules of interest to them. Accordingly, this review should be of particular interest also for scientists from industrial R&D sector. Hence, the overall goal of this review is to promote the application of C-H functionalisation reactions outside the research groups dedicated to method development and establishing it as a valuable reaction archetype in contemporary R&D, comparable to the role cross-coupling reactions play to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sambiagio
- Organic Synthesis (ORSY)
, Department of Chemistry
, University of Antwerp
,
Groenenborgerlaan 171
, 2020 Antwerp
, Belgium
| | - David Schönbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Remi Blieck
- Normandie Univ
, INSA Rouen
, UNIROUEN
, CNRS
, COBRA (UMR 6014)
,
76000 Rouen
, France
| | - Toan Dao-Huy
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Gerit Pototschnig
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Patricia Schaaf
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Thomas Wiesinger
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Muhammad Farooq Zia
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7509)
, Université de Strasbourg
,
ECPM 25 Rue Becquerel
, 67087 Strasbourg
, France
| | - Tatiana Besset
- Normandie Univ
, INSA Rouen
, UNIROUEN
, CNRS
, COBRA (UMR 6014)
,
76000 Rouen
, France
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic Synthesis (ORSY)
, Department of Chemistry
, University of Antwerp
,
Groenenborgerlaan 171
, 2020 Antwerp
, Belgium
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
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25
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Pandey AK, Kang D, Han SH, Lee H, Mishra NK, Kim HS, Jung YH, Hong S, Kim IS. Reactivity of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts in C-H Functionalization of (Hetero)aryl Nitrones: Access to Bridged Cycles and Carbazoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:4632-4636. [PMID: 30047738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rhodium(III)-catalyzed cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl nitrones with Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) adducts is described. An allylated intermediate derived from aryl nitrones and MBH adducts allows the formation of bridged cyclic compounds via an exotype [3 + 2] cycloaddition. In sharp contrast, electron-rich indolinyl or aniline substrates were found to couple with MBH adducts to generate naphthalene or carbazole derivatives, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Pandey
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Kang
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Neeraj Kumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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26
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Zhou C, Fang F, Cheng Y, Li Y, Liu H, Zhou Y. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation of Benzoylacetonitriles and Cyclization with Sulfoxonium Ylides to Naphthols. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Zhou
- Nano Science and Technology Institute; University of Science and Technology of China; 166 Ren Ai Road Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, S; hanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, S; hanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Yilang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, S; hanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, S; hanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, S; hanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, S; hanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
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27
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Xing YY, Liu JB, Sun CZ, Huang F, Chen DZ. Mechanistic Exploration of the Competition Relationship between a Ketone and C═C, C═N, or C═S Bond in the Rh(III)-Catalyzed Carbocyclization Reactions. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4545-4553. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Xing
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Biao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - De-Zhan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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28
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Zhao Y, Zheng Q, Yu C, Liu Z, Wang D, You J, Gao G. Rh(iii)-Catalyzed regioselective C–H [4 + 2] C-annulation of vinyl enaminones with alkynes to form polysubstituted salicylaldehydes. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00759d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sterically congested polysubstituted salicylaldehydes are accessed through a Rh(iii)-catalyzed regioselective vinylic C–H [4 + 2] C-annulation reaction of vinyl enaminones with alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinsong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Qinze Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Chuangui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Deping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
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29
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Han SH, Pandey AK, Lee H, Kim S, Kang D, Jung YH, Kim HS, Hong S, Kim IS. One-pot synthesis of 2-naphthols from nitrones and MBH adducts via decarboxylative N–O bond cleavage. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00988k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented one-pot synthesis of 2-naphthols through an acid-mediated decarboxylative N–O bond cleavage of bridged benzoxazepine intermediates is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Han
- School of Pharmacy
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| | | | - Heeyoung Lee
- School of Pharmacy
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| | - Saegun Kim
- School of Pharmacy
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- School of Pharmacy
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
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30
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Liu CF, Liu M, Sun JS, Li C, Dong L. Synthesis of 2-aminobenzaldehydes by rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C–H amidation of aldehydes with dioxazolones. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00413g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Various aldehydes were directly amidated with dioxazolones to afford 2-aminobenzaldehydes through rhodium(iii)-catalyzed CHO-directed C–H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Man Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Jun-Shu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
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