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Lu J, Nieckarz D, Jiang H, Zhu Z, Yan Y, Zheng F, Rżysko W, Lisiecki J, Szabelski P, Sun Q. Order-Disorder Transition of Two-Dimensional Molecular Networks through a Stoichiometric Design. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20194-20202. [PMID: 37788293 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Materials with disordered structures may exhibit interesting properties. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of hybrid materials composed of metal nodes and coordinating organic linkers. Recently, there has been growing interest in MOFs with structural disorder and the investigations of amorphous structures on surfaces. Herein, we demonstrate a bottom-up method to construct disordered molecular networks on metal surfaces by selecting two organic molecule linkers with the same symmetry but different sizes for preparing two-component samples with different stoichiometric ratios. The amorphous networks are directly imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy under ultrahigh vacuum with a submolecular resolution, allowing us to quantify its degree of disorder and other structural properties. Furthermore, we resort to molecular dynamics simulations to understand the formation of the amorphous metal-organic networks. The results may advance our understanding of the mechanism of formation of monolayer molecular networks with structural disorders, facilitating the design and exploration of amorphous MOF materials with intriguing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Damian Nieckarz
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Hao Jiang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyi Yan
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Fengru Zheng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Wojciech Rżysko
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Lisiecki
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Szabelski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Qiang Sun
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
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2
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Steeno R, Minoia A, Lazzaroni R, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Host-guest chemistry under confinement: peeking at early self-assembly events. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3138-3141. [PMID: 35171159 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07206d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscopic lateral confinement created on a graphite surface enabled the study of embryonic stages of molecular self-assembly on solid surfaces using scanning tunneling microscopy performed at the solution/solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelof Steeno
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Kormoš L, Procházka P, Makoveev AO, Čechal J. Complex k-uniform tilings by a simple bitopic precursor self-assembled on Ag(001) surface. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1856. [PMID: 32312971 PMCID: PMC7170884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The realization of complex long-range ordered structures in a Euclidean plane presents a significant challenge en route to the utilization of their unique physical and chemical properties. Recent progress in on-surface supramolecular chemistry has enabled the engineering of regular and semi-regular tilings, expressing translation symmetric, quasicrystalline, and fractal geometries. However, the k-uniform tilings possessing several distinct vertices remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that these complex geometries can be prepared from a simple bitopic molecular precursor - 4,4'-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid (BDA) - by its controlled chemical transformation on the Ag(001) surface. The realization of 2- and 3-uniform tilings is enabled by partially carboxylated BDA mediating the seamless connection of two distinct binding motifs in a single long-range ordered molecular phase. These results define the basic self-assembly criteria, opening way to the utilization of complex supramolecular tilings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Kormoš
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Procházka
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anton O Makoveev
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čechal
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic.
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4
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Nieckarz D, Szabelski P. Surface-Confined Self-Assembly of Asymmetric Tetratopic Molecular Building Blocks. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1850-1859. [PMID: 31095854 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface-confined self-assembly of functional molecular building blocks has recently been widely used to create low-dimensional, also covalent, superstructures with tailorable geometry and physicochemical properties. In this contribution, using the lattice Monte Carlo simulation method, we demonstrate how the structure-property relation can be established for the 2D self-assembly of a model tetrapod molecule with reduced symmetry. To that end, a rigid functional unit comprising a few interconnected segments arranged in different tetrapod shapes was used and its self-assembly on a triangular lattice representing a (111) crystal surface was simulated. The results of our calculations show strong dependence of the structure formation on the molecular symmetry, in particular on the (pro)chiral nature of the building block. The simulations predicted the formation of unusual ordered racemic networks with unique aperiodic spatial distribution of the surface enantiomers. Molecular symmetry was also found to have significant influence on the enantiopure self-assembly which resulted in the Kagome and brickwall networks and other less ordered extended superstructures with parallelogram pores. The theoretical findings of this contribution can be relevant to designing and on-surface synthesis of molecular superstructures with predefined geometries and functions. In particular, the predicted molecular architectures can stimulate experimental efforts to fabricate and explore new nanostructures, for example graphitic, having the composition and geometry proposed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Nieckarz
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Pl. M.C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Szabelski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Pl. M.C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
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5
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Alexa P, Oligschleger C, Gröger P, Morchutt C, Vyas V, Lotsch BV, Schön JC, Gutzler R, Kern K. Short‐Range Structural Correlations in Amorphous 2D Polymers. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2340-2347. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Alexa
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | | | - Pascal Gröger
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Claudius Morchutt
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Institut de PhysiqueÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Vijay Vyas
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Department of ChemistryMarquette University Milwaukee WI – 53233
| | - Bettina V. Lotsch
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - J. Christian Schön
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Rico Gutzler
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Institut de PhysiqueÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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6
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Zhang SQ, Cheng LX, Gong ZL, Duan WB, Tu B, Zhong YW, Zeng QD. Temperature-Triggered Self-Assembled Structural Transformation: From Pure Hydrogen-Bonding Quadrilateral Nanonetwork to Trihexagonal Structures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6571-6577. [PMID: 31002519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adequate control over the structures of molecular building blocks plays an important role in the fabrication of desired supramolecular nanostructures at interfaces. In this study, the formation of a pure hydrogen-bonding co-assembly supramolecular nanonetwork on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface was demonstrated by means of a scanning tunneling microscope. The thermal annealing process was conducted to monitor the temperature-triggered structural transformation of the self-assembled nanonetwork. On the basis of the single-molecule-level resolution scanning tunneling microscopy images, together with the density functional theory calculations, the formation mechanisms of the formed nanoarrays were proposed. The results have great significance with regard to controlled construction of complex nanostructures on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Lin-Xiu Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Wu-Biao Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , P. R. China
| | - Bin Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qing-Dao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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7
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Li J, Qian Y, Duan W, Zeng Q. Advances in the study of the host-guest interaction by using coronene as the guest molecule. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Cheng F, Wu XJ, Hu Z, Lu X, Ding Z, Shao Y, Xu H, Ji W, Wu J, Loh KP. Two-dimensional tessellation by molecular tiles constructed from halogen-halogen and halogen-metal networks. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4871. [PMID: 30451862 PMCID: PMC6242836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular tessellations are often discovered serendipitously, and the mechanisms by which specific molecules can be tiled seamlessly to form periodic tessellation remain unclear. Fabrication of molecular tessellation with higher symmetry compared with traditional Bravais lattices promises potential applications as photonic crystals. Here, we demonstrate that highly complex tessellation can be constructed on Au(111) from a single molecular building block, hexakis(4-iodophenyl)benzene (HPBI). HPBI gives rise to two self-assembly phases on Au(111) that possess the same geometric symmetry but different packing densities, on account of the presence of halogen-bonded and halogen–metal coordinated networks. Sub-domains of these phases with self-similarity serve as tiles in the periodic tessellations to express polygons consisting of parallelograms and two types of triangles. Our work highlights the important principle of constructing multiple phases with self-similarity from a single building block, which may constitute a new route to construct complex tessellations. Molecular tessellations of complex tilings are difficult to design and construct. Here, the authors show that molecular tessellations can be formed from a single building block that gives rise to two distinct supramolecular phases, whose self-similar subdomains serve as tiles in the periodic tessellations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xue-Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixin Hu
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zijing Ding
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Yan Shao
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Renmin University of China, 100872, Beijing, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore. .,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
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9
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Yu M, Benjalal Y, Chen C, Kalashnyk N, Xu W, Barattin R, Nagarajan S, Lægsgaard E, Stensgaard I, Hliwa M, Gourdon A, Besenbacher F, Bouju X, Linderoth TR. Three-dimensional hydrogen bonding between Landers and planar molecules facilitated by electrostatic interactions with Ni adatoms. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8845-8848. [PMID: 30039145 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04247k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using a combination of UHV-STM and molecular mechanics calculations, we investigate the surface self-assembly of a complex multi-component metal-molecule system with synergistic non-covalent interactions. Hydrogen bonding between three-dimensional Lander-DAT molecules and planar PTCDI molecules, adsorbed closer to the surface, is found to be facilitated by electrostatic interactions between co-adsorbed Ni adatoms and the flexible molecular DAT groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
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