1
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Dar AH, Rahman A, Mondal S, Barman A, Gupta M, Chowdhury PK, Thomas SP. Mechanical Tuning of Fluorescence Lifetime and Bandgap in an Elastically Flexible Molecular Semiconductor Crystal. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2406184. [PMID: 39118551 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202406184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Despite having superior transport properties, lack of mechanical flexibility is a major drawback of crystalline molecular semiconductors as compared to their polymer analogues. Here single crystals of an organic semiconductor are reported that are not only flexible but exhibit systematic tuning of bandgaps, fluorescence lifetime, and emission wavelengths upon elastically bending. Spatially resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging and confocal fluorescence microscopy reveals systematic trends in the lifetime decay across the bent crystal region along with shifts in the emission wavelength. From the outer arc to the inner arc of the bent crystal, a significant decrease in the lifetime of ≈1.9 ns is observed, with a gradual bathochromic shift of ≈10 nm in the emission wavelength. For the crystal having a bandgap of 2.73 eV, the directional stress arising from bending leads to molecular reorientation effects and variations in the extent of intermolecular interactions- which are correlated to the lowering of bandgap and the evolution of the projected density of states. The systematic changes in the interactions quantified using electron density topological analysis in the compressed inner arc and elongated outer arc region are correlated to the non-radiative decay processes, thus rationalizing the tuning of fluorescence lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hassan Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Srijan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Argha Barman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Monika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Pramit K Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sajesh P Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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2
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Rahman A, Mondal S, Modak M, Singh A, Thayat NS, Singh H, Clegg JK, Poswal HK, Haridas V, Thomas SP. Large Local Internal Stress in an Elastically Bent Molecular Crystal Revealed by Raman Shifts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402120. [PMID: 39045899 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The structural dynamics involved in the mechanical flexibility of molecular crystals and the internal stress in such flexible materials remain obscure. Here, the study reports an elastically bending lipidated molecular crystal that shows systematic shifts in characteristic vibrational frequencies across the bent crystal region - revealing the nature of structural changes during bending and the local internal stress distribution. The blueshifts in the bond stretching modes (such as C═O and C-H modes) in the inner arc region and redshifts in the outer arc region of the bent crystals observed via micro-Raman mapping are counterintuitive to the bending models based on intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Correlating these shifts with the trends observed from high-pressure Raman studies on the crystal reveals the local stress difference between the inner arc and outer arc regions of the bent crystal to be ≈2 GPa, more than an order of magnitude higher than the previously proposed value in elastically bending crystals. High local internal stress can have direct ramifications on the properties of molecular piezoelectric energy harvesters, actuators, semiconductors, and flexible optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Srijan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Mantu Modak
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Ashi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Navdeep S Thayat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Hanuman Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Himanshu K Poswal
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - V Haridas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, 678623, India
| | - Sajesh P Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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3
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Borah SS, Khan M, Gogoi P, Kalita N, Thakuria R, Nath NK. Revisiting Dimorphs of 4-n-octyloxybenzoic Acid: Contrasting Mechanical Property and Surface Wettability. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301090. [PMID: 38327100 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
4-n-octyloxy benzoic acid is known to exhibit liquid crystalline properties, and under normal pressure and temperature conditions, it exists as at least two crystalline polymorphs. We revisited the system and discovered that single crystals of one of the polymorphs display plastic deformation, whereas the other is brittle. n-octyl chains are arranged in an end-to-end fashion, forming slip planes in the plastically deformable polymorph, whereas they are interdigitated in the crystal structure of the brittle polymorph. Due to the difference in the arrangement of the -COOH group and alkyl chains, the major faces of the crystals of both polymorphs possess significant differences in the wettability towards moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpi S Borah
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya, 793003, India
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
| | - Pulakesh Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya, 793003, India
| | - Nabadeep Kalita
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
| | - Ranjit Thakuria
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
| | - Naba K Nath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya, 793003, India
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4
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Mishra MK, Mahur P, Manimunda P, Mishra K. Recent Advances in Nanomechanical Measurements and Their Application for Pharmaceutical Crystals. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4848-4867. [PMID: 37642458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical behavior of pharmaceutical crystals directly impacts the formulation development and manufacturing of drug products. The understanding of crystal structure-mechanical behavior of pharmaceutical and molecular crystals has recently gained substantial attention among pharmaceutical and materials scientists with the advent of advanced nanomechanical testing instruments like nanoindentation. For the past few decades, instrumented nanoindentation was a popular technique for measuring the mechanical properties of thin films and small-length scale materials. More recently it is being implemented to investigate the mechanical properties of pharmaceutical crystals. Integration of correlative microscopy techniques and environmental control opened the door for advanced structure-property correlation under processing conditions. Preventing the degradation of active pharmaceutical ingredients from external factors such as humidity, temperature, or pressure is important during processing. This review deals with the recent developments in the synchronized nanomechanical measurements of pharmaceutical crystals toward the fast and effective development of high-quality pharmaceutical drug products. This review also summarizes some recent reports to intensify how one can design and control the nanomechanical properties of pharmaceutical solids. Measurement challenges and the scope for studying nanomechanical properties of pharmaceutical crystals using nanoindentation as a function of crystal structure and in turn to develop fundamental knowledge in the structure-property relationship with the implications for drug manufacturing and development are discussed in this review. This review further highlights recently developed capabilities in nanoindentation, for example, variable temperature nanoindentation testing, in situ imaging of the indented volume, and nanoindentation coupled Raman spectroscopy that can offer new quantitative details on nanomechanical behavior of crystals and will play a decisive role in the development of coherent theories for nanomechanical study of pharmaceutical crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences (SAS), VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pinki Mahur
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences (SAS), VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kamini Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences (SAS), VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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Kusumoto S, Kim Y, Hayami S. Flexible metal complex crystals in response to external mechanical stimuli. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Yang Y, Silva de Moraes L, Ruzié C, Schweicher G, Geerts YH, Kennedy AR, Zhou H, Whittaker SJ, Lee SS, Kahr B, Shtukenberg AG. Charge Transport in Twisted Organic Semiconductor Crystals of Modulated Pitch. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203842. [PMID: 35986443 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many molecular crystals (approximately one third) grow as twisted, helicoidal ribbons from the melt, and this preponderance is even higher in restricted classes of materials, for instance, charge-transfer complexes. Previously, twisted crystallites of such complexes present an increase in carrier mobilities. Here, the effect of twisting on charge mobility is better analyzed for a monocomponent organic semiconductor, 2,5-bis(3-dodecyl-2-thienyl)-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (BDT), that forms twisted crystals with varied helicoidal pitches and makes possible a correlation of twist strength with carrier mobility. Films are analyzed by X-ray scattering and Mueller matrix polarimetry to characterize the microscale organization of the polycrystalline ensembles. Carrier mobilities of organic field-effect transistors are five times higher when the crystals are grown with the smallest pitches (most twisted), compared to those with the largest pitches, along the fiber elongation direction. A tenfold increase is observed along the perpendicular direction. Simulation of electrical potential based on scanning electron microscopy images and density functional theory suggests that the twisting-enhanced mobility is mainly controlled by the fiber organization in the film. A greater number of tightly packed twisted fibers separated by numerous smaller gaps permit better charge transport over the film surface compared to fewer big crystallites separated by larger gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Lygia Silva de Moraes
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
| | - Christian Ruzié
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Schweicher
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
| | - Yves Henri Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 231, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Cathedral Street 295, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Hengyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - St John Whittaker
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Stephanie S Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Alexander G Shtukenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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7
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Hayashi S. Elastic Molecular Crystals: Their Deformation-induced Reversible Unit Cell Changes with Specific Poisson Effect. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Hayashi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology
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8
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Gong Y, Wei Y, Gao Y, Pang Z, Zhang J, Qian S. The bending behavior of an L-phenylalanine monohydrate soft crystal via reversible hydrogen bond rupture and remodeling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3216-3221. [PMID: 35044406 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05449j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports a novel L-phenylalanine monohydrate (L-Phe·H2O) soft crystal, which has the potential to be developed as a medical microdevice owing to its flexibility and biosafety. Structure analysis indicated that there were plenty of directional hydrogen bonds distributed along almost every direction of the L-Phe·H2O crystal, which appeared to be a rigid and brittle crystal. However, the L-Phe·H2O crystal could be easily bent heavily and repeatedly. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the bending mechanism of the L-Phe·H2O soft crystal from the viewpoint of hydrogen bond variations. In situ micro-Raman and in situ micro-infrared spectra showed that the hydrogen bonds ruptured and rearranged during the bending process. According to the micro-X-ray diffraction results, the order of the L-Phe·H2O lattice decreased in the bending region, and the varied lattice could return to its original state after straightening. Additionally, energy calculations suggested that the non-directional Coulomb attraction was the major force maintaining the macroscopic crystal integrity of L-Phe·H2O when it was bent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiang Gong
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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9
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Abeysekera AM, Averkiev BB, Sinha AS, Aakeröy C. Evaluating structure-property relationship in a new family of mechanically flexible co-crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9480-9483. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02047e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A structure-property analysis of ten compositionally and chemically similar co-crystals of N-(pyridin-2-yl)alkylamides and carboxylic acids show that three co-crystals of targets bearing a methyl chain were brittle, while the remaining...
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10
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Hayashi S. Curving deformation-induced photoluminescence changes and anisotropy analysis in elastic organic crystals. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00400j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical deformation-induced physical property changes of elastically flexible molecular crystals were successfully investigated by spatially resolved μ-photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy for the PL analysis at both the outer and inner sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Hayashi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
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11
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Abstract
Dynamic macroscopic behaviour of single crystals of coordination polymers when subjected to light, heat, and mechanical force.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagadese J. Vittal
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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12
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Seki T, Hoshino N, Suzuki Y, Hayashi S. Functional flexible molecular crystals: intrinsic and mechanoresponsive properties. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00388g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flexible molecular crystals have attracted much attention to unique optoelectronic applications and stimuli-responsive chemistry, resulting in various functional molecular crystals for controlling photons, phonons, electrons, and magnons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Seki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Norihisa Hoshino
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Japan
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13
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Elastic Organic Crystals of π-Conjugated Molecules: New Concept for Materials Chemistry. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally believed that organic single crystals composed of a densely packed arrangement of anisotropic, organic small molecules are less useful as functional materials due to their mechanically inflexible and brittle nature, compared to polymers bearing flexible chains and thereby exhibiting viscoelasticity. Nevertheless, organic crystals have attracted much attention because of their tunable optoelectronic properties and a variety of elegant crystal habits and unique ordered or disordered molecular packings arising from the anisotropic molecular structures. However, the recent emergence of flexible organic crystal materials showing plasticity and elasticity has considerably changed the concept of organic single crystals. In this review, the author summarizes the state-of-the-art development of flexible organic crystal materials, especially functional elastic organic crystals which are expected to provide a foothold for the next generation of organic crystal materials.
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14
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Liu B, Liu H, Zhang H, Di Q, Zhang H. Crystal Engineering of a Hydrazone Molecule toward High Elasticity and Bright Luminescence. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9178-9183. [PMID: 33054233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flexible luminescent crystals have attracted increasing attention on account of the potential application value in optical material fields. How to design crystals with high elasticity and bright luminescence is an urgent duty that material researchers want to effectuate. Crystal engineering could achieve different crystal materials with various functions based on one molecular structure. Therefore, crystal engineering provides a potential strategy to improve the properties of flexible crystals. In this paper, we gave a pioneer work to improve the properties of flexible luminescent crystals by designing on crystal structure. By disclosing the relationship of structure-property, our work extracted the advantages (elasticity or bright emission) of two inferior crystals and obtained three elastic bending crystals with outstanding emission behaviors. Notably, our work not only achieves the fabrication of flexible crystals based on crystal engineering aspect but also provides good candidates for flexible optical waveguiding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Di
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Bhattacharya B, Roy D, Dey S, Puthuvakkal A, Bhunia S, Mondal S, Chowdhury R, Bhattacharya M, Mandal M, Manoj K, Mandal PK, Reddy CM. Mechanical‐Bending‐Induced Fluorescence Enhancement in Plastically Flexible Crystals of a GFP Chromophore Analogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Debjit Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Somnath Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Anisha Puthuvakkal
- Photosciences and Photonics Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Surojit Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Saikat Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Rituparno Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Manjima Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Mrinal Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Kochunnoonny Manoj
- Photosciences and Photonics Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Prasun K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - C. Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
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16
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Bhattacharya B, Roy D, Dey S, Puthuvakkal A, Bhunia S, Mondal S, Chowdhury R, Bhattacharya M, Mandal M, Manoj K, Mandal PK, Reddy CM. Mechanical-Bending-Induced Fluorescence Enhancement in Plastically Flexible Crystals of a GFP Chromophore Analogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19878-19883. [PMID: 32667123 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Single crystals of optoelectronic materials that respond to external stimuli, such as mechanical, light, or heat, are immensely attractive for next generation smart materials. Here we report single crystals of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore analogue with irreversible mechanical bending and associated unusual enhancement of the fluorescence, which is attributed to the strained molecular packing in the perturbed region. Soft crystalline materials with such fluorescence intensity modulations occurring in response to mechanical stimuli under ambient pressure conditions will have potential implications for the design of technologically relevant tunable fluorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Debjit Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Anisha Puthuvakkal
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - Surojit Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Saikat Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Rituparno Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Manjima Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Mrinal Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Kochunnoonny Manoj
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - Prasun K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - C Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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17
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Liu H, Lu Z, Tang B, Qu C, Zhang Z, Zhang H. A Flexible Organic Single Crystal with Plastic‐Twisting and Elastic‐Bending Capabilities and Polarization‐Rotation Function. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12944-12950. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Zhuoqun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Baolei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
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18
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Liu H, Lu Z, Tang B, Qu C, Zhang Z, Zhang H. A Flexible Organic Single Crystal with Plastic‐Twisting and Elastic‐Bending Capabilities and Polarization‐Rotation Function. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Zhuoqun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Baolei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
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19
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Liu H, Ye K, Zhang Z, Zhang H. An Organic Crystal with High Elasticity at an Ultra‐Low Temperature (77 K) and Shapeability at High Temperatures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
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20
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Liu H, Ye K, Zhang Z, Zhang H. An Organic Crystal with High Elasticity at an Ultra-Low Temperature (77 K) and Shapeability at High Temperatures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:19081-19086. [PMID: 31625259 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organic single crystals with elastic bending capability and potential applications in flexible devices and sensors have been elucidated. Exploring the temperature compatibility of elasticity is essential for defining application boundaries of elastic materials. However, related studies have rarely been reported for elastic organic crystals. Now, an organic crystal displays elasticity even in liquid nitrogen (77 K). The elasticity can be maintained below ca. 150 °C. At higher temperatures, the heat setting property enables us to make various shapes of crystalline fibers based on this single kind of crystal. Through detailed crystallographic analyses and contrast experiments, the mechanisms behind the unusual low-temperature elasticity and high-temperature heat setting are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, P. R. China
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21
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Dey S, Das S, Bhunia S, Chowdhury R, Mondal A, Bhattacharya B, Devarapalli R, Yasuda N, Moriwaki T, Mandal K, Mukherjee GD, Reddy CM. Mechanically interlocked architecture aids an ultra-stiff and ultra-hard elastically bendable cocrystal. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3711. [PMID: 31420538 PMCID: PMC6697680 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular crystals are not known to be as stiff as metals, composites and ceramics. Here we report an exceptional mechanical stiffness and high hardness in a known elastically bendable organic cocrystal [caffeine (CAF), 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid (CNB) and methanol (1:1:1)] which is comparable to certain low-density metals. Spatially resolved atomic level studies reveal that the mechanically interlocked weak hydrogen bond networks which are separated by dispersive interactions give rise to these mechanical properties. Upon bending, the crystals significantly conserve the overall energy by efficient redistribution of stress while perturbations in hydrogen bonds are compensated by strengthened π-stacking. Furthermore we report a remarkable stiffening and hardening in the elastically bent crystal. Hence, mechanically interlocked architectures provide an unexplored route to reach new mechanical limits and adaptability in organic crystals. This proof of concept inspires the design of light-weight, stiff crystalline organics with potential to rival certain inorganics, which currently seem inconceivable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Susobhan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Surojit Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.,Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Rituparno Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Amit Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Biswajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Ramesh Devarapalli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Taro Moriwaki
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kapil Mandal
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Goutam Dev Mukherjee
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - C Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India. .,Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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22
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Manimunda P, Syed Asif SA, Mishra MK. Probing stress induced phase transformation in aspirin polymorphs using Raman spectroscopy enabled nanoindentation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9200-9203. [PMID: 31309949 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04538d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoindentation has extensively been used to measure the mechanical properties of molecular crystals. However, the possibilities of stress induced polymorphic transformation during indentation are still unexplored. Here, we have adopted a spatially synchronized Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation technique to probe indentation induced polymorphic transformation in aspirin polymorphs. Spatial hardness maps, generated using an accelerated property mapping technique, showed micro-domain formation in aspirin form II crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S A Syed Asif
- Bruker Nano Surfaces, Eden Prairie, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-127B Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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23
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Liu B, Di Q, Liu W, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang H. Red-Emissive Organic Crystals of a Single-Benzene Molecule: Elastically Bendable and Flexible Optical Waveguide. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1437-1442. [PMID: 30856337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic crystals are easily cracked into pieces or powders under applied stress because of their intrinsic brittle nature. This undesired mechanical property directly limits their application in flexible optical and optoelectronic devices. Herein, we developed a compact single-benzene molecule dimethyl 2,5-bis((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)terephthalate, which was easily crystallized to form two polymorphs, A and B. Featuring a single-benzene π-system, both polymorphs A and B display red fluorescence in crystals. More importantly, crystals of polymorph A are flexible and can be elastically bent under mechanical force. Given these advantages, a flexible optical waveguide has been realized in the crystal of polymorph A with a bent shape, highlighting its potential application in flexible devices. In addition, the thermal transformation of crystals from polymorph A to polymorph B, which was accompanied by the change of optical property as well as mechanical elasticity, has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P.R. China
| | - Qi Di
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P.R. China
| | - Wentao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P.R. China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P.R. China
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24
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SeethaLekshmi S, Kiran MSRN, Ramamurty U, Varughese S. Molecular Basis for the Mechanical Response of Sulfa Drug Crystals. Chemistry 2018; 25:526-537. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil SeethaLekshmi
- Chemical Science and Technology DivisionCSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Trivandrum 695 019 India
| | - Mangalampalli S. R. N. Kiran
- Nanomechanics Laboratory, Department of Physics and NanotechnologySRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai 603203 India
| | - Upadrasta Ramamurty
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Sunil Varughese
- Chemical Science and Technology DivisionCSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Trivandrum 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NIIST Campus Trivandrum 695 019 India
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25
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Liu H, Bian Z, Cheng Q, Lan L, Wang Y, Zhang H. Controllably realizing elastic/plastic bending based on a room-temperature phosphorescent waveguiding organic crystal. Chem Sci 2018; 10:227-232. [PMID: 30713634 PMCID: PMC6333169 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03135e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The room-temperature phosphorescent DBBZL crystals could exhibit reversible bending and irreversible bending based on one crystal. These flexible crystals exhibit good waveguiding property in straight state, elastic bending state and plastic bending state, demonstrating the application of flexibility.
Recently, the study of flexible (elastically bendable and plastically bendable) organic single crystals has become a hot research field in crystal engineering. In general, crystal elasticity and plasticity are incompatible with each other. Different from the applications of fluorescent crystals, the applications of room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials generally ignore the crystallographic nature of large single crystals. Herein, we creatively combine elasticity and plasticity based on one RTP crystal 4,4′-dibromobenzil DBBZL. The in-depth study of the irreversible transformation between elastic bending and plastic bending provided important insights into the mechanism of both elastically bendable crystals and plastically bendable crystals in crystal engineering. The DBBZL crystal exhibits elastic bending (reversible) under external stress, whereas it shows plastic bending (irreversible) after excessive bending. Notably, the first phosphorescent optical waveguides of large single RTP crystals are realized not only in straight state, but also in elastic bent state and plastic bent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials , College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Qianjin Street , Changchun , P. R. China .
| | - Zhengyi Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials , College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Qianjin Street , Changchun , P. R. China .
| | - Qinyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials , College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Qianjin Street , Changchun , P. R. China .
| | - Linfeng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials , College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Qianjin Street , Changchun , P. R. China .
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials , College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Qianjin Street , Changchun , P. R. China .
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials , College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Qianjin Street , Changchun , P. R. China .
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26
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Mishra MK, Kadambi SB, Ramamurty U, Ghosh S. Elastic flexibility tuning via interaction factor modulation in molecular crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9047-9050. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04132f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the design of a series of nonhalogenated and halogenated molecular crystals with specific structural features, which are essential for pronounced elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Mishra
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Sourabh B. Kadambi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Upadrasta Ramamurty
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Soumyajit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- Chennai-703203
- India
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