1
|
Wang Q, Serda M, Li Q, Sun T. Recent Advancements on Self-Immolative System Based on Dynamic Covalent Bonds for Delivering Heterogeneous Payloads. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300138. [PMID: 36943096 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The precisely spatial-temporal delivery of heterogeneous payloads from a single system with the same pulse is in great demand in realizing versatile and synergistic functions. Very few molecular architectures can satisfy the strict requirements of dual-release translated from single triggers, while the self-immolative systems based on dynamic covalent bonds represent the "state-of-art" of ultimate solution strategy. Embedding heterogeneous payloads symmetrically onto the self-immolative backbone with dynamic covalent bonds as the trigger, can respond to the quasi-bio-orthogonal hallmarks which are higher at the disease's microenvironment to simultaneously yield the heterogeneous payloads (drug A/drug B or drug/reporter). In this review, the modular design principles are concentrated to illustrate the rules in tailoring useful structures, then the rational applications are enumerated on the aspects of drug codelivery and visualized drug-delivery. This review, hopefully, can give the general readers a comprehensive understanding of the self-immolative systems based on dynamic covalent bonds for delivering heterogeneous payloads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingbing Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Maciej Serda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, 40-006, Poland
| | - Quan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Boyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, 368 Youyidadao Avenue, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fu DJ, Wang T. Discovery of dual tubulin-NEDDylation inhibitors with antiproliferative activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:166-175. [PMID: 36330714 PMCID: PMC9639481 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2136173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various dual-target tubulin inhibitors have been designed and synthesised, no dual tubulin-NEDDylation inhibitors as antiproliferative agents were reported so far. In this work, a series of trimethoxyphenyl analogues as potential dual tubulin-NEDDylation inhibitors were synthesised and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity. Among them, compound C11 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 1.17, 2.48, and 1.47 μM against HepG2, PC3, and MCF7 cells, respectively. In addition, it displayed the potent inhibitory activity against tubulin with an IC50 value of 2.40 μM and obviously inhibited tubulin polymerisation in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, C11 inhibited NEDDylation by a ATP-dependent manner. Molecular docking studies revealed that the methoxy group and dithiocarbamate group of C11 could form hydrogen bonds with residues of tubulin and E1 NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE). These results suggested that compound C11 was a dual tubulin-NEDDylation inhibitor with antiproliferative activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jun Fu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fujikawa Y, Mori M, Tsukada M, Miyahara S, Sato-Fukushima H, Watanabe E, Murakami-Tonami Y, Inoue H. Pi-class Glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1)-selective fluorescent probes for multicolour imaging with various cancer-associated enzymes. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200443. [PMID: 36062403 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pi-class glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) is highly expressed in a wide variety of human cancer tissues compared to the corresponding normal counterpart. Therefore, GSTP1 is a potential target enzyme for overcoming resistance to chemotherapeutic agents or visualizing specific lesions such as cancer. Here, we present orange and red fluorescence-emitting probes selective for GSTP1. Carbofluorescein and TokyoMagenta fluorophores were modified with a previously described GSTP1-selective chromogenic compound to generate orange and red fluorescence probes, respectively. Of these probes, Ps-CF , the orange fluorescence-emitting probe, was confirmed to be highly specific for detecting GSTP1 exogenously or endogenously expressed in various cancer cells. Additionally, it was demonstrated that Ps-CF is applicable for the simultaneous detection of GSTP1 and another cancer-associated enzymes by using a green fluorescence emitting γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) probe. In conclusion, the fluorescent probes developed in this study enable the simultaneous detection of multiple tumour markers such as GSTP1 with other cancer-associated enzymes by the concurrent use of spectrally distinguished fluorescent probes, potentially broadening the scope of cancer detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuta Fujikawa
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, 192-0392, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Masaya Mori
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science: Tokyo Yakka Daigaku, School of Life Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Minami Tsukada
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science: Tokyo Yakka Daigaku, School of Life Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Seiya Miyahara
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science: Tokyo Yakka Daigaku, School of Life Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Honoka Sato-Fukushima
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science: Tokyo Yakka Daigaku, School of Life Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Eita Watanabe
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science: Tokyo Yakka Daigaku, School of Life Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Yuko Murakami-Tonami
- Tokyo University of Technology: Tokyo Koka Daigaku, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, JAPAN
| | - Hideshi Inoue
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science: Tokyo Yakka Daigaku, School of Life Sciences, JAPAN
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lei K, Gu X, Alvarado AG, Du Y, Luo S, Ahn EH, Kang SS, Ji B, Liu X, Mao H, Fu H, Kornblum HI, Jin L, Li H, Ye K. Discovery of a dual inhibitor of NQO1 and GSTP1 for treating glioblastoma. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:141. [PMID: 33087132 PMCID: PMC7579906 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a universally lethal tumor with frequently overexpressed or mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutathione-S-transferase Pi 1 (GSTP1) are commonly upregulated in GBM. NQO1 and GSTP1 decrease the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which mediates the oxidative stress and promotes GBM cell proliferation. METHODS High-throughput screen was used for agents selectively active against GBM cells with EGFRvIII mutations. Co-crystal structures were revealed molecular details of target recognition. Pharmacological and gene knockdown/overexpression approaches were used to investigate the oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We identified a small molecular inhibitor, "MNPC," that binds to both NQO1 and GSTP1 with high affinity and selectivity. MNPC inhibits NQO1 and GSTP1 enzymes and induces apoptosis in GBM, specifically inhibiting the growth of cell lines and primary GBM bearing the EGFRvIII mutation. Co-crystal structures between MNPC and NQO1, and molecular docking of MNPC with GSTP1 reveal that it binds the active sites and acts as a potent dual inhibitor. Inactivation of both NQO1 and GSTP1 with siRNA or MNPC results in imbalanced redox homeostasis, leading to apoptosis and mitigated cancer proliferation in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Thus, MNPC, a dual inhibitor for both NQO1 and GSTP1, provides a novel lead compound for treating GBM via the exploitation of specific vulnerabilities created by mutant EGFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Lei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Alvaro G Alvarado
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Atlanta, USA
| | - Shilin Luo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Seong Su Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bing Ji
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Atlanta, USA
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lingjing Jin
- Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akrofi R, Zhang PL, Chen QY. Functional BOD-Ad-Cmyc@BSA complex nanosensor for Cu(II) and the detection of live E. coli. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 239:118483. [PMID: 32454230 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is abundantly present in nature. It is generally harmless to humans but some strains have been deemed very dangerous. Therefore, as an indicator of hygienic testing, the detection of E. coli is essential. In this work, a fluorescent assembly was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. It was found that the amantadine (Ad) conjugated dye (BOD-Ad) intercalated into Cmyc G4 (aptamer) forming a non-emission assembly (BOD-Ad-Cmyc), which could be lighted-up by BSA due to the formation of fluorescence nanoparticle BOD-Ad-Cmyc@BSA. Further, BOD-Ad-Cmyc@BSA can selectively bind Cu2+ forming non-emission species BOD-Ad-Cmyc@BSA-Cu2+. E. coli can turn-on the emission of BOD-Ad-Cmyc@BSA-Cu2+ system due to the copper accumulation or reduction by E. coli. Therefore, a fluorescence method for the determination of E. coli was built. The detection limit of BOD-Ad-Cmyc@BSA-Cu2+ of E. coli is 6.3 CFU/mL. Thus, this BOD-Ad-Cmyc@BSA-Cu2+ fluorescent assembly can be used for the detection of live E. coli in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robertson Akrofi
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jingkou District, Xuefu Road, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Li Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jingkou District, Xuefu Road, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Yun Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jingkou District, Xuefu Road, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Z, Guo T, Lu J, Yang Z, Zhang M, Geng Z, Wang Z. Targeted copper supplementation oriented theranostic for fluorescence and 19F NMR detection of tumors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11589-11592. [PMID: 32914792 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alteration of the levels of copper is a promising approach for cancer therapy. Herein, we develop a dual-mode copper vehicle, M985. The biotin-tailed M985 can exert tumor-directed copper supplementation and undergo self-immolative cleavage in living cancerous cells, resulting in the liberation of F542 along with the generation of excess reactive oxygen species. Thus, fluorescence and 19F NMR detection is realized to specifically discriminate cancer cells. F542 acts as a fluorescence reporter and a potent cytotoxic agent, facilitating the visualization of molecular release and distribution, as well as confirming the ER autophagy-induced apoptosis. Therefore, we present a promising dual-mode theranostic M985 for the efficient detection and therapy of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China. and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Taiyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Jiao Lu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Zhirong Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Zhilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wong DL, Yuan AT, Korkola NC, Stillman MJ. Interplay between Carbonic Anhydrases and Metallothioneins: Structural Control of Metalation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5697. [PMID: 32784815 PMCID: PMC7460868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and metallothioneins (MTs) are both families of zinc metalloproteins central to life, however, they coordinate and interact with their Zn2+ ion cofactors in completely different ways. CAs and MTs are highly sensitive to the cellular environment and play key roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In addition, CAs and MTs have multiple isoforms with differentiated regulation. This review discusses current literature regarding these two families of metalloproteins in carcinogenesis, with a dialogue on the association of these two ubiquitous proteins in vitro in the context of metalation. Metalation of CA by Zn-MT and Cd-MT is described. Evidence for protein-protein interactions is introduced from changes in metalation profiles of MT from electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and the metalation rate from stopped-flow kinetics. The implications on cellular control of pH and metal donation is also discussed in the context of diseased states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin J. Stillman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A5B7, Canada; (D.L.W.); (A.T.Y.); (N.C.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu M, Yang Q, Xu L, Rao Z, Cao D, Gao M, Liu S. Protein target identification and toxicological mechanism investigation of silver nanoparticles-induced hepatotoxicity by integrating proteomic and metallomic strategies. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:46. [PMID: 31775802 PMCID: PMC6880521 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as promising anti-microbials and anti-cancer therapeutics, the toxicological effect and killing efficiency towards cells need in-depth investigation for better applications in daily life and healthcare fields. Thus far, limited studies have yet elucidated the protein targets of AgNPs and silver ions (Ag+) released from intracellular AgNPs dissolution in hepatocytes, as well as potential interaction mechanism. Results Through integrating proteomic and metallomic methodologies, six intracellular protein targets (i.e. glutathione S-transferase (GST), peroxiredoxin, myosin, elongation factor 1, 60S ribosomal protein and 40S ribosomal protein) were ultimately identified and confirmed as AgNPs- and Ag+ −binding proteins. Toward a deep understanding the direct interaction mechanism between AgNPs and these protein targets, GST was chosen as a representative for toxicological investigation. The results revealed that AgNPs could remarkably deplete the enzyme activity of GST but did not depress the expressions, resulting in elevated intracellular oxidative stress and cell death. Finally, both “Ag+ effect” and “particle-specific effect” were demonstrated to concomitantly account for the overall cytotoxicity of AgNPs, and the former relatively contributed more via activity depletion of GST. Conclusions Collectively, our major contribution is the development of an efficient strategy to identify the intracellular AgNPs-targeted protein (e.g. GST) through integrating proteomic and metallomic methodologies, which is helpful to accelerate the interpretation of underlying toxicological mechanism of AgNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qiuyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lining Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Ziyu Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen J, Wang Z, She M, Liu M, Zhao Z, Chen X, Liu P, Zhang S, Li J. Precise Synthesis of GSH-Specific Fluorescent Probe for Hepatotoxicity Assessment Guided by Theoretical Calculation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32605-32612. [PMID: 31423764 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is the main cause of acute liver injury, and its early diagnosis is indispensable in pharmacological and pathological studies. As a hepatotoxicity indicator, the GSH distribution in the liver could reflect the damage degree in situ. In this work, we have provided a theoretical design strategy to determine the generation of photo-induced electron transfer mechanism and achieve high selectivity for the target. After that, we precisely synthesized a novel near-infrared fluorescent probe BSR1 to specifically monitor endogenous GSH and hepatotoxicity in biosystem with a moderate fluorescent quantum yield (Φ = 0.394) and low detection limit (83 nM) under this strategy. Moreover, this mapping method for imaging GSH depletion in vivo to assay hepatotoxicity may provide a powerful molecular tool for early diagnosis of some diseases and contribute to assay hepatotoxicity for the development of new drugs. Importantly, this theoretical calculation-guided design strategy may provide an effective way for the precise synthesis of the target-specific fluorescent probe and change this research area from "trial-and-error" to concrete molecular engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Zesi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Mengyao She
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Mengdi Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Zebin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Jianli Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|