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Szymaszek P, Tyszka-Czochara M, Ortyl J. Application of Photoactive Compounds in Cancer Theranostics: Review on Recent Trends from Photoactive Chemistry to Artificial Intelligence. Molecules 2024; 29:3164. [PMID: 38999115 PMCID: PMC11243723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the number of cancer cases and deaths worldwide is predicted to nearly double by 2030, reaching 21.7 million cases and 13 million fatalities. The increase in cancer mortality is due to limitations in the diagnosis and treatment options that are currently available. The close relationship between diagnostics and medicine has made it possible for cancer patients to receive precise diagnoses and individualized care. This article discusses newly developed compounds with potential for photodynamic therapy and diagnostic applications, as well as those already in use. In addition, it discusses the use of artificial intelligence in the analysis of diagnostic images obtained using, among other things, theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Szymaszek
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Ortyl
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Photo4Chem Ltd., Juliusza Lea 114/416A-B, 31-133 Cracow, Poland
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2
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Zhang R, Hao L, Chen P, Zhang G, Liu N. Multifunctional small-molecule theranostic agents for tumor-specific imaging and targeted chemotherapy. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106576. [PMID: 37182421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although great progress has been achieved in cancer diagnosis and treatment, novel therapies are still urgently needed to increase the efficacy and reduce the side effects of conventional therapies. Personalized medicine involves administering patients drugs that are specific to the characteristics of their tumors, and has significantly reduced side effects and increased overall survival rates. Multifunctional theranostic drugs are designed to combine diagnostic and therapeutic functions into a single molecule, which reduces the number of drugs administered to patients and increases patient compliance, and have shown great potential in propelling personalized medicine. This review focuses on multifunctional small-molecule theranostic agents for tumor-specific imaging and targeted chemotherapy, with a particular emphasis placed on highlighting design strategies and application in vitro or in vivo. The challenges and future perspectives of multifunctional small molecules are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshuai Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 528051, China
| | - Pengwei Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for ReseCarch and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Gang Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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3
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Ji HB, Kim CR, Min CH, Han JH, Kim S, Lee C, Choy YB. Fe-containing metal-organic framework with D-penicillamine for cancer-specific hydrogen peroxide generation and enhanced chemodynamic therapy. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10477. [PMID: 37206221 PMCID: PMC10189484 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is based on the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Thus, CDT can be advantageous when it is cancer-specific, in terms of efficacy and safety. Therefore, we propose NH2-MIL-101(Fe), a Fe-containing metal-organic framework (MOF), as a carrier of Cu (copper)-chelating agent, d-penicillamine (d-pen; i.e., the NH2-MIL-101(Fe)/d-pen), as well as a catalyst with Fe-metal clusters for Fenton reaction. NH2-MIL-101(Fe)/d-pen in the form of nanoparticles was efficiently taken into cancer cells and released d-pen in a sustained manner. The released d-pen chelated Cu that is highly expressed in cancer environments and this produces extra H2O2, which is then decomposed by Fe in NH2-MIL-101(Fe) to generate •OH. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of NH2-MIL-101(Fe)/d-pen was observed in cancer cells, not in normal cells. We also suggest a formulation of NH2-MIL-101(Fe)/d-pen combined with NH2-MIL-101(Fe) loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug, irinotecan (CPT-11; NH2-MIL-101(Fe)/CPT-11). When intratumorally injected into tumor-bearing mice in vivo, this combined formulation exhibited the most prominent anticancer effects among all tested formulations, owing to the synergistic effect of CDT and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bi Ji
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringCollege of Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Cho Rim Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringCollege of Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Min
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringCollege of Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Han
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringCollege of Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Se‐Na Kim
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of PathologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringCollege of Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
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4
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Metal-organic framework for biomimetic nitric oxide generation and anticancer drug delivery. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213268. [PMID: 36580769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The potential therapeutic implications of nitric oxide (NO) have drawn a great deal of interest for reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer; however, previous strategies utilized unstable or toxic NO donors often oxidized by the excessive addition of reactive oxygen species, leading to unexpected side effects. Therefore, this study proposed a metal-organic framework (MOF), Porous coordination network (PCN)-223-Fe, to be loaded with a biocompatible NO donor, L-arginine (L-arg; i.e., PCN-223-Fe/L-arg). This specific MOF possesses a ligand of Fe-porphyrin, a biomimetic catalyst. Thus, with PCN-223-Fe/L-arg, L-arg was released in a sustained manner, which generated NO by a catalytic reaction between L-arg and Fe-porphyrin in PCN-223-Fe. Through this biomimetic process, PCN-223-Fe/L-arg could generate sufficient NO to reverse MDR at the expense of hydrogen peroxide already present and highly expressed in cancer environments. For treatment of MDR cancer, this study also proposed PCN-223-Fe loaded with an anticancer drug, irinotecan (CPT-11; i.e., PCN-223-Fe/CPT-11), to be formulated together with PCN-223-Fe/L-arg. Owing to the synergistic effect of reversed MDR by NO generation and sustained release of CPT-11, this combined formulation exhibited a higher anticancer effect on MDR cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR). When intratumorally injected in vivo, coadministration of PCN-223-Fe/L-arg and PCN-223-Fe/CPT-11 greatly suppressed tumor growth in nude mice bearing MDR tumors.
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5
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Rong X, Liu C, Li X, Zhu H, Wang K, Zhu B. Recent advances in chemotherapy-based organic small molecule theranostic reagents. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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6
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Sufian A, Bhattacherjee D, Barman P, Srivastava A, Thummer RP, Bhabak KP. Stimuli-responsive prodrug of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac: self-immolative drug release with turn-on near-infrared fluorescence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7833-7836. [PMID: 35748501 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02132c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive near infrared (NIR) fluorogenic prodrug DCI-ROS is developed for the self-immolative release of diclofenac (DCF) with turn-on fluorescence. The non-toxic prodrug exhibited turn-on red fluorescence with endogenous ROS in cancer cells and inhibited COX-2 expression in the inflammation-induced macrophage cells. The prodrug strategy thus would be helpful for the controlled fluorogenic delivery of DCF for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Sufian
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Debojit Bhattacherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.,Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Pallavi Barman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Abhay Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Krishna P Bhabak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.,Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.,Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
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7
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Saxon E, Peng X. Recent Advances in Hydrogen Peroxide Responsive Organoborons for Biological and Biomedical Applications. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100366. [PMID: 34636113 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is the most stable reactive oxygen species generated endogenously, participating in numerous physiological processes and abnormal pathological conditions. Mounting evidence suggests that a higher level of H2 O2 exists in various disease conditions. Thus, H2 O2 functions as an ideal target for site-specific bioimaging and therapeutic targeting. The unique reactivity of organoborons with H2 O2 provides a method for developing chemoselective molecules for biological and biomedical applications. This review highlights the design and application of boron-derived molecules for H2 O2 detection, and the utility of boron moieties toward masking reactive compounds leading to the development of metal prochelators and prodrugs for selectively delivering an active species at the target sites with elevated H2 O2 levels. Additionally, the emergence of H2 O2 -responsive theranostic agents consisting of both therapeutic and diagnostic moieties in one integrated system are discussed. The purpose of this review is to provide a better understanding of the role of boron-derived molecules toward biological and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eron Saxon
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA
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8
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Fan H, Zaman MAU, Chen W, Ali T, Campbell A, Zhang Q, Setu NI, Saxon E, Zahn NM, Benko AM, Arnold LA, Peng X. Assessment of Phenylboronic Acid Nitrogen Mustards as Potent and Selective Drug Candidates for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:687-702. [PMID: 33860194 PMCID: PMC8033613 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has limited treatment options and the worst prognosis among all types of breast cancer. We describe two prodrugs, namely, CWB-20145 (1) and its methyl analogue FAN-NM-CH3 (2) that reduced the size of TNBC-derived tumors. The DNA cross-linking of nitrogen mustard prodrugs 1 and 2 was superior to that of chlorambucil and melphalan once activated in the presence of H2O2. The cellular toxicity of 1 and 2 was demonstrated in seven human cancer cell lines. The TNBC cell line MDA-MB-468 was particularly sensitive toward 1 and 2. Compound 2 was 10 times more cytotoxic than chlorambucil and 16 times more active than melphalan. An evaluation of the gene expression demonstrated an upregulation of the tumor suppressor genes p53 and p21 supporting a transcriptional mechanism of a reduced tumor growth. Pharmacokinetic studies with 1 showed a rapid conversion of the prodrug. The introduction of a methyl group generated 2 with an increased half-life. An in vivo toxicity study in mice demonstrated that both prodrugs were less toxic than chlorambucil. Compounds 1 and 2 reduced tumor growth with an inhibition rate of more than 90% in athymic nude mice xenografted with MDA-MB-468 cells. Together, the in vivo investigations demonstrated that treatment with 1 and 2 suppressed tumor growth without affecting normal tissues in mice. These phenylboronic acid nitrogen mustard prodrugs represent promising drug candidates for the treatment of TNBC. However, the mechanisms underlying their superior in vivo activity and selectivity as well as the correlation between H2O2 level and in vivo efficacy are not yet fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Taufeeque Ali
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Anahit Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Nurul Islam Setu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Eron Saxon
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Nicolas M. Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Anna M. Benko
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
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9
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Wang P, Gong Q, Hu J, Li X, Zhang X. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Responsive Prodrugs, Probes, and Theranostic Prodrugs: Applications in the ROS-Related Diseases. J Med Chem 2020; 64:298-325. [PMID: 33356214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have commonly been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. In light of significant differences in ROS levels between the nonpathogenic and pathological tissues, an increasing number of ROS-responsive prodrugs, probes, and theranostic prodrugs have been developed for the targeted treatment and precise diagnosis of ROS-related diseases. This review will summarize and provide insight into recent advances in ROS-responsive prodrugs, fluorescent probes, and theranostic prodrugs, with applications to different ROS-related diseases and various subcellular organelle-targetable and disease-targetable features. The ROS-responsive moieties, the self-immolative linkers, and the typical activation mechanism for the ROS-responsive release are also summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qijie Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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10
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Maslah H, Skarbek C, Pethe S, Labruère R. Anticancer boron-containing prodrugs responsive to oxidative stress from the tumor microenvironment. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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You C, Li Y, Dong Y, Ning L, Zhang Y, Yao L, Wang F. Low-Temperature Trigger Nitric Oxide Nanogenerators for Enhanced Mild Photothermal Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1535-1542. [PMID: 33455391 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Surmounting the restriction issues of nitric oxide (NO) delivery to realize their precious on-demand release is highly beneficial for the widespread deployment of gas therapy for application in biomedicine. Herein, by employing core-shell structure Au@SiO2 nanomaterials with high photothermal performance, a novel strategy was proposed by integrating photothermal conversion nanomaterials and heat-triggered NO donors (RSNO) into a nanoplatform, which achieved photothermal therapy (PTT)-enhanced NO gas therapy under near-infrared (NIR) radiation. Specifically, 2-phenylethynesulfonamide (PES), an inhibitor of heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70), was loaded into the NO nanogenerators to realize effective low-temperature (∼45 °C) PTT. The obtained results showed that the near-infrared radiation (NIR) mediated mild PTT and gas therapy by releasing NO showed a substantially improved synergistic effect based on in vitro and in vivo results in breast cancer (MCF-7) models. Our study points out a strategy to realize mild photothermal therapy by inhibiting the expression of HSP-70 and simultaneously providing an avenue to achieve controllable release of NO. More important, this research highlights the great potential of multifunctional therapeutic agents in the synergistic treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun You
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University; Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Yaojia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210089, PR China
| | - Yixin Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University; Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Like Ning
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University; Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University; Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Liyang Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University; Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University; Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210037, PR China
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12
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Zhu J, Chen J, Song D, Zhang W, Guo J, Cai G, Ren Y, Wan C, Kong L, Yu W. Real-time monitoring of etoposide prodrug activated by hydrogen peroxide with improved safety. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7548-7557. [PMID: 31720667 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide is one of the most used first-line chemotherapeutic drugs. However, its application is still limited by its side effects. Herein, we designed a novel H2O2 sensitive prodrug 6YT for selectively releasing the anti-cancer drug etoposide in cancer cells. In this paper, etoposide and a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensitive aryl borate ester group were linked by a fluorescent coumarin and finally the prodrug 6YT was generated. The fluorescence of coumarin was quenched before the connected aryl borate ester group was cleaved by H2O2. However, in the high level H2O2 environment of the tumor, the fluorescence could be activated simultaneously with the release of etoposide, and the drug release state of the prodrug was monitored real-time. With the support of 6YT, we obtained direct and visual evidence of etoposide release in a high H2O2 environment both in cells and zebrafish. The prodrug 6YT was also verified with comparable activity and improved safety with etoposide both in cells and in a mouse model. As a safe and effective prodrug, 6YT is expected to be one of the promising candidates in chemotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingting Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongmei Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenda Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianpeng Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guiping Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhao Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengying Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenying Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Gas-involving cancer theranostics have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their high therapeutic efficacy and biosafety. We have reviewed the recent significant advances in the development of stimuli-responsive gas releasing molecules (GRMs) and gas nanogenerators for cancer bioimaging, targeted and controlled gas therapy, and gas-sensitized synergistic therapy. We have focused on gases with known anticancer effects, such as oxygen (O2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen (H2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and heavy gases that act via the gas-generating process. The GRMs and gas nanogenerators for each gas have been described in terms of the stimulation method, followed by their applications in ultrasound and multimodal imaging, and finally their primary and synergistic actions with other cancer therapeutic modalities. The current challenges and future possibilities of gas therapy and imaging vis-à-vis clinical translation have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichan Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , P.R. China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , P.R. China
| | - Lichao Su
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , P.R. China
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , P.R. China
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14
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Peiró Cadahía J, Previtali V, Troelsen NS, Clausen MH. Prodrug strategies for targeted therapy triggered by reactive oxygen species. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1531-1549. [PMID: 31673314 PMCID: PMC6786010 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00169g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with numerous pathophysiological conditions including cancer and inflammation and the ROS stimulus constitutes a potential trigger for drug delivery strategies. Over the past decade, a number of ROS-sensitive functionalities have been identified with the purpose of introducing disease-targeting properties into small molecule drugs - a prodrug strategy that offers a promising approach for increasing the selectivity and efficacy of treatments. This review will provide an overview of the ROS-responsive prodrugs developed to date. A discussion on the current progress and limitations is provided along with a reflection on the unanswered questions that need to be addressed in order to advance this novel approach to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viola Previtali
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics , Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207 , DK 2800 , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark .
| | - Nikolaj S Troelsen
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics , Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207 , DK 2800 , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark .
| | - Mads H Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics , Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207 , DK 2800 , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark .
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15
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Ai Y, Obianom ON, Kuser M, Li Y, Shu Y, Xue F. Enhanced Tumor Selectivity of 5-Fluorouracil Using a Reactive Oxygen Species-Activated Prodrug Approach. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:127-131. [PMID: 30655959 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel 5-fluorouracil (5FU) prodrugs 1a,1b that are efficiently activated by the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells. Prodrugs 1a,1b selectively kill cancer cells over normal cells and are well-tolerated in mice. The strategy described herein can extend application of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Obinna N. Obianom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Meredith Kuser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - Fengtian Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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16
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Fu J, Han J, Meng T, Hu J, Yin J. Novel α-ketoamide based diazeniumdiolates as hydrogen peroxide responsive nitric oxide donors with anti-lung cancer activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12904-12907. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05266f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel α-ketoamide based diazeniumdiolates activated by hydrogen peroxide to release nitric oxide and exert anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Jing Han
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Tingting Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
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17
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Hou J, He H, Huang S, Qian M, Wang J, Tan X, Han G, Song Y, Xu Z, Liu Y. A mitochondria-targeted nitric oxide donor triggered by superoxide radical to alleviate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1205-1208. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07304j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a mitochondria-targeted and superoxide-responsive nitric oxide donor with good protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in H9c2 cells and isolated rat hearts.
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18
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Bhagat SD, Singh U, Mishra RK, Srivastava A. An Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Activated Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Prodrug for Cancer Chemotherapy. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2073-2079. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somnath D. Bhagat
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal; Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Usha Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal; Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Ram Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal; Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Aasheesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal; Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
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19
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Jin Q, Deng Y, Jia F, Tang Z, Ji J. Gas Therapy: An Emerging “Green” Strategy for Anticancer Therapeutics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yongyan Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Fan Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Surgery; Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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