1
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Gayathri P, Ravi S, Karthikeyan S, Pannipara M, Al-Sehemi AG, Moon D, Anthony SP. Synthesis of ESIPT fluorophores with two intramolecular H-bonding functionalities: Reversible mechanofluorochromism and conformation controlled solid state fluorescence efficiency. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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2
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Control of Fluorescence of Organic Dyes in the Solid-State by Supramolecular Interactions. J Fluoresc 2022; 33:799-847. [PMID: 36576681 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent organic dyes play an essential role in the creation of new "smart" materials. Fragments and functional groups capable of free rotation around single bonds can significantly change the fluorescent organic dye's electronic structure under analyte effects, phase state transitions, or changes in temperature, pressure, and media polarity. Dependencies between steric and electronic structures become highly important in transition from a solution to a solid-state. Such transitions are accompanied by a significant increase in the dye molecular structure's rigidity due to supramolecular associates' formation such as H-bonding, π···π and dipole-dipole interactions. Among those supramolecular effects, H-bonding interactions, first of all, lead to significant molecular packing changes between loose or rigid structures, thus affecting the fluorescent dye's electronic states' energy and configuration, its fluorescent signal's position and intensity. All the functional groups and heteroatoms that are met in the organic dyes seem to be involved in the control of fluorescence via H-bonding: C-H···N, C-H···π, S = O···H-C, P = O···H, C-H···O, NH···N, C - H···C, C - H···Se, N-H···O, C - H···F, C-F···H. Effects of molecular packing of fluorescent organic dyes are successfully used in developing mechano-, piezo-, thermo- fluorochromes materials for their applications in the optical recording of information, sensors, security items, memory elements, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) technologies.
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3
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Nagarasu P, Kundu A, Thiruvenkatam V, Raghavaiah P, Anthony SP, Madhu V. Investigating the structure–fluorescence properties of tetraphenylethylene fused imidazole AIEgens: reversible mechanofluorochromism and polymer matrix controlled fluorescence tuning. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00561h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of stimuli-responsive AIEgens of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) fused imidazole derivatives (1–7) were synthesized, and their substituent controlled fluorescence properties in the solid state were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniyappan Nagarasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences
- Coimbatore – 641114
- India
| | - Anu Kundu
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur-613401
- India
| | - Vijay Thiruvenkatam
- Discipline of Biological Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
- Gandhinagar
- India
| | - Pallepogu Raghavaiah
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Central University of Karnataka
- Kalaburagi-585367
- India
| | | | - Vedichi Madhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences
- Coimbatore – 641114
- India
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4
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Gayathri P, Nag P, Anand N, Vennapusa SR, Pannipara M, Al-Sehemi AG, Moon D, Anthony SP. Molecular conformational twist-controlled wide fluorescence tuning and white light emission in a single fluorophore via halochromism. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conformational differences-controlled fluorescence response of carbazole and triphenylamine appended cyano-pyridine donor–acceptor derivatives towards organic acids (TFA/PTSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gayathri
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur – 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Probal Nag
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala – 695551, India
| | - Neethu Anand
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala – 695551, India
| | - Sivaranjana Reddy Vennapusa
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala – 695551, India
| | - Mehboobali Pannipara
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigokro-127beongil, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
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5
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Yadav IS, Alsaleh AZ, Misra R, D'Souza F. Charge stabilization via electron exchange: excited charge separation in symmetric, central triphenylamine derived, dimethylaminophenyl-tetracyanobutadiene donor-acceptor conjugates. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1109-1120. [PMID: 34163878 PMCID: PMC8179009 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04648e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoinduced charge separation in donor-acceptor conjugates plays a pivotal role in technology breakthroughs, especially in the areas of efficient conversion of solar energy into electrical energy and fuels. Extending the lifetime of the charge separated species is a necessity for their practical utilization, and this is often achieved by following the mechanism of natural photosynthesis where the process of electron/hole migration occurs distantly separating the radical ion pairs. Here, we hypothesize and demonstrate a new mechanism to stabilize the charge separated states via the process of electron exchange among the different acceptor entities in multimodular donor-acceptor conjugates. For this, star-shaped, central triphenylamine derived, dimethylamine-tetracyanobutadiene conjugates have been newly designed and characterized. Electron exchange was witnessed upon electroreduction in conjugates having multiple numbers of electron acceptors. Using ultrafast spectroscopy, the occurrence of excited state charge separation, and the effect of electron exchange in prolonging the lifetime of charge separated states in the conjugates having multiple acceptors have been successfully demonstrated. This work constitutes the first example of stabilizing charge-separated states via the process of electron exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indresh S Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - Ajyal Z Alsaleh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
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6
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Gayathri P, Pannipara M, Al-Sehemi AG, Anthony SP. Triphenylamine-based stimuli-responsive solid state fluorescent materials. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00588f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular engineering of triphenylamine (TPA) units produced multi-stimuli-responsive solid state fluorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthsarathy Gayathri
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur-613401
- India
| | - Mehboobali Pannipara
- Department of Chemistry
- King Khalid University
- Abha 61413
- Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry
- King Khalid University
- Abha 61413
- Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science
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7
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Mathivanan M, Tharmalingam B, Lin CH, Pandiyan BV, Thiagarajan V, Murugesapandian B. ESIPT-active multi-color aggregation-induced emission features of triphenylamine–salicylaldehyde-based unsymmetrical azine family. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01490j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new family of ESIPT and AIE-active triphenylamine-appended unsymmetrical azine derivatives is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chia-Her Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
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8
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Kundu A, Karthikeyan S, Moon D, Anthony SP. Synthesis of Strongly Fluorescent Imidazole Derivatives: Structure Property Studies, Halochromism and Fluorescent Photoswitching. J Fluoresc 2019; 29:1359-1369. [PMID: 31728726 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-019-02437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New series of methoxy and hydroxyl group substituted triphenylamine (TPA)-imidazole fluorescent molecules (5-(diphenylamino)-2-(1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenol (1), 5-(diphenylamino)-2-(1-phenyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenol (2), 5-(diphenylamino)-2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol (3), 5-(diphenylamino)-2-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol (4), N-(3-methoxy-4-(1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine (5), N-(3-methoxy-4-(1-phenyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzene amine (6), and N-(3-methoxy-4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine (7)) have been synthesized that exhibited strong solution fluorescence and molecular structure and conformation controlled fluorescence photoswitching, solid state fluorescence and halochromism. Hydroxyl substituted molecules (1-4) showed moderate to strong fluorescence in solution depend on solvent polarity and very weak solid state fluorescence. Methoxy substituted molecules (5-7) displayed strong fluorescence both in solution and solid state. Solid state structural studies revealed strong intramolecular H-bonding in the crystal lattice. Interestingly, highly twisted structure (6) showed rare light induced reversible fluorescence switching in CHCl3. The observation of isobestic point in time dependent fluorescence photoswitching studies indicated structural isomer conversion. Further, acid sensitive imidazole nitrogen has been made use to demonstrate solid state fluorescence switching via halochromism. Thus the present studies attempted to develop new fluorescent molecules and establish structure-property relationship for designing fluorescence switching materials. Graphical Abstract Molecular structure controlled solid state fluorescence, halochromism and a rare fluorescence photoswitching in chloroform have been observed with triphenylamine-imidazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kundu
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Subramanian Karthikeyan
- PG and Research department of chemistry, KhadirMohideen College, Adirampattinam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigokro-127beongil, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea.
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9
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Guo C, Zhang Q, Zhu B, Zhu B, Zhou W, Ren G, Mei X. Solvatochromism and mechanochromism observed in a triphenylamine derivative. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2019; 75:839-844. [PMID: 32830763 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520619007030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A donor-π-acceptor fluorescent dye, 4-[N,N-di(4-phenyl)amino]benzaldehyde 4-chlorobenzoyl hydrazone (TPA-CBH), based on a triphenylamine derivative (TPA) and 4-chlorobenzoyl hydrazine (CBH) was designed and synthesized. The optical properties of this luminogen were investigated in solutions as well as in the solid states. In the intramolecular charge-transfer (CT) mechanism, TPA-CBH exhibits solvatochromism when dissolved in various polar solvents. Aggregation-induced emission was observed with the changes of tetrahydrofuran/water ratios. In the solid state, mechanochromic fluorescence is observed when the samples are stressed under different conditions. Based on structural analyses and theoretical calculations, it is found that intra- and intermolecular CT processes play a key role in the diversity of fluorescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Guo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering and Technology, School of Pharmacy and †Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Analytical and Solid-State Chemistry Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqing Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Analytical and Solid-State Chemistry Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering and Technology, School of Pharmacy and †Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqun Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Soochow, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Ren
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering and Technology, School of Pharmacy and †Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Mei
- Pharmaceutical Analytical and Solid-State Chemistry Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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10
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Gayathri P, Karthikeyan S, Moon D, Anthony SP. Halogen Atom and Position Dependent Strong Enhancement of Solid‐State Fluorescence and Stimuli Responsive Reversible Fluorescence Switching. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Subramanian Karthikeyan
- PG and Research Department of ChemistryKhadirMohideen College Adirampattinam- 614701, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline DepartmentPohang Accelerator Laboratory 80 Jigokro-127beongil, Nam-gu, Pohang Gyeongbuk Korea
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11
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Kundu A, Karthikeyan S, Sagara Y, Moon D, Anthony SP. Temperature-Controlled Locally Excited and Twisted Intramolecular Charge-Transfer State-Dependent Fluorescence Switching in Triphenylamine-Benzothiazole Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:5147-5154. [PMID: 31459690 PMCID: PMC6648163 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triphenylamine-benzothiazole derivatives, N-(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine (1), N-(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine (2), and 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-5-(diphenylamino)phenol (3), showed unusual temperature-controlled locally excited (LE) and twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) state fluorescence switching in polar solvents. The detailed photophysical studies (absorption, fluorescence, lifetime, and quantum yield) in various solvents confirmed polarity-dependent LE and TICT state formation and fluorescence tuning. 1 and 2 exhibited strong fluorescence with short lifetime in nonpolar solvents compared to polar solvents. 1, 2, and 3 in dimethylformamide (DMF) at room temperature showed low-energy weak TICT state fluorescence, whereas high-energy strong LE state fluorescence was observed at -196 °C. Interestingly, further increasing the temperature from 20 to 100 °C, the DMF solution of 1 and 2 exhibited rare fluorescence enhancement with a slight blue shift of λmax via activating more vibrational bands of the TICT state. Thus, 1 and 2 showed weak TICT state fluorescence at room temperature, strong LE state fluorescence at -196 °C, and activation of TICT state at 100 °C. Moreover, molecular conformation and aggregation in the solid state influenced strongly on the fluorescence properties of 1, 2, and 3. Solid-state fluorescence and pH-responsive imidazole nitrogen have been exploited for demonstrating halochromism-induced fluorescence switching. Computational studies provided further insights into the fluorescence tuning and switching. The present studies provide understanding and opportunity to make use of D-A organic molecules in the LE and TICT states for achieving fluorescence switching and tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kundu
- School
of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA
Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Karthikeyan
- PG
and Research Department of Chemistry, Khadir
Mohideen College, Adirampattinam, Tamil Nadu 614701, India
| | - Yoshimitsu Sagara
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido
University, N20, W10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline
Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigokro-127-beongil, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
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12
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Alkyl chains length dependent fluorescence emission and reversible mechanofluorochromism of AIEE-based quinoline derivatives. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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13
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Excited state intramolecular proton transfer induced fluorescence in triphenylamine molecule: Role of structural conformation and reversible mechanofluorochromism. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Fang J, Zhang Q, Li M, Wang JR, Mei X. Isostructural Solvates of Naturally Occurring Allocryptopine Exhibit Both Mechanochromic and Hydrochromic Luminescent Properties. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9220-9226. [PMID: 31459055 PMCID: PMC6644465 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We discovered four new solvates for naturally sourced allocryptopine. The new found crystalline forms are isostructural and have similar crystal structures and packing patterns. However, they exhibit obviously different fluorescence appearance. In addition, the acetone solvate SA, N,N-dimethylformamide solvate SD, and tetrahydrofuran solvate ST also present both luminescent mechanochromic and hydrochromic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Nano
Science and Technology Institute, University
of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215213, China
- Pharmaceutical
Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Pharmaceutical
Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- Pharmaceutical
Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian-Rong Wang
- Pharmaceutical
Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuefeng Mei
- Pharmaceutical
Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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15
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Kundu A, Karthikeyan S, Sagara Y, Moon D, Anthony SP. Unusual fluorescent photoswitching of imidazole derivatives: the role of molecular conformation and twist angle controlled organic solid state fluorescence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27385-27393. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05355c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triphenylamine-imidazole molecules exhibited unprecedented light induced fluorescence switching via conformational change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur-613401
- India
| | | | - Yoshimitsu Sagara
- Research Institute for Electronic Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 001-0020
- Japan
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline Department
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
- Pohang
- Korea
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16
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Ji NN, Shi ZQ, Hu HL, Zheng HG. A triphenylamine-functionalized luminescent sensor for efficient p-nitroaniline detection. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:7222-7228. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01240g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The combination of π-conjugated fluorophores within a hybrid system gives rise to a triphenylamine-functionalized material [Zn(bpba)(NO3)] (1) (Hbpba = 4-(bis(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)amino)benzoic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taishan University
- Tai'an 271021
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taishan University
- Tai'an 271021
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
| | - Hai-Liang Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering (School of Chinese Pharmacy)
- Guizhou Minzu University
- Guiyang 550025
- P. R. China
| | - He-Gen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
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