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George GC, Kruse SJ, Forbes TZ, Hutchins KM. Off-the-shelf thermosalience of anthracene-9-thiocarboxamide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7697-7700. [PMID: 38828748 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01765j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate thermosalient behavior in anthracene-9-thiocarboxamide. Upon cooling, the crystalline material spontaneously fractures and jumps. Strong anisotropic thermal expansion precedes thermosalience, and the combination of hydrogen bonds and weaker interlayer interactions affords the macroscopic response. By incorporating structural moieties from different classes of thermosalient solids and using an underexplored supramolecular synthon, a dynamic, multi-functional material is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C George
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
| | - Samantha J Kruse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Tori Z Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Kristin M Hutchins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
- MU Materials Science & Engineering Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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2
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Pantuso E, Ahmed E, Fontananova E, Brunetti A, Tahir I, Karothu DP, Alnaji NA, Dushaq G, Rasras M, Naumov P, Di Profio G. Smart dynamic hybrid membranes with self-cleaning capability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5751. [PMID: 37717049 PMCID: PMC10505219 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing freshwater scarcity has caused increased use of membrane desalination of seawater as a relatively sustainable technology that promises to provide long-term solution for the increasingly water-stressed world. However, the currently used membranes for desalination on an industrial scale are inevitably prone to fouling that results in decreased flux and necessity for periodic chemical cleaning, and incur unacceptably high energy cost while also leaving an environmental footprint with unforeseeable long-term consequences. This extant problem requires an immediate shift to smart separation approaches with self-cleaning capability for enhanced efficiency and prolonged operational lifetime. Here, we describe a conceptually innovative approach to the design of smart membranes where a dynamic functionality is added to the surface layer of otherwise static membranes by incorporating stimuli-responsive organic crystals. We demonstrate a gating effect in the resulting smart dynamic membranes, whereby mechanical instability caused by rapid mechanical response of the crystals to heating slightly above room temperature activates the membrane and effectively removes the foulants, thereby increasing the mass transfer and extending its operational lifetime. The approach proposed here sets a platform for the development of a variety of energy-efficient hybrid membranes for water desalination and other separation processes that are devoid of fouling issues and circumvents the necessity of chemical cleaning operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Pantuso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Via P. Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Enrica Fontananova
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Via P. Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Adele Brunetti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Via P. Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Ibrahim Tahir
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Durga Prasad Karothu
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nisreen Amer Alnaji
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ghada Dushaq
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mahmoud Rasras
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, MK‒1000, Skopje, Macedonia.
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
| | - Gianluca Di Profio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Via P. Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy.
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Takazawa K, Inoue JI, Matsushita Y. Repeatable Actuations of Organic Single Crystal Fibers Driven by Thermosalient-Phase-Transition-Induced Buckling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204500. [PMID: 36084217 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermosalient crystals are molecular solids that exhibit explosive motions, such as sudden breaks and jumps, due to temperature-induced structural phase transitions between two polymorphs. Therefore, the development of molecular actuators with superior speed and power by deriving mechanical work from explosive motion is a fascinating concept. However, thermosalient transitions often cause crystal disintegration, which hampers repeatable phase transitions between the polymorphs. Here, it is reported that single crystal nano/microfibers of 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrabromobenzene (TBB), whose bulk crystals exhibit thermosalient behavior at ≈40 °C, can repeatedly transform between the low and high temperature polymorphs without disintegration. The structural tolerance against phase transition is attributed to the high flexibility of the nano/microfibers. It is observed that a structure consisting of a TBB fiber with both ends pinned to the substrate repeatedly buckles and straightens when the temperature is varied between 30 and 40 °C. It is demonstrated that buckling can lead to large displacement actuation as compared to a simple length change of the fiber. Moreover, the force generated by the buckling fiber is estimated and it is found that it can generate a force large enough to flick an object ≈104 times heavier than the fiber itself into the air against gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takazawa
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0003, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Inoue
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsushita
- Research Network and Facility Services Division, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
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Kato K, Seki T, Ito H. (9-Isocyanoanthracene)gold(I) Complexes Exhibiting Two Modes of Crystal Jumps by Different Structure Change Mechanisms. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10849-10856. [PMID: 33886301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of single crystals exhibiting salient effects by different structure change mechanisms are reported. The crystals of newly prepared aryl(9-isocyanoanthracene)gold(I) complexes jump in response to two different external stimuli: ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and cooling. The photosalient effect is triggered by photodimerization reaction of the anthracene moieties under photoirradiation. By contrast, the thermosalient effect is caused by anisotropic thermal contraction upon cooling without a chemical structure change. By taking advantage of the multiple-jump feature, we also show sequential jumps of crystals by cooling and then UV irradiation for demonstration of the programmed motion of molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kato
- Division of Applied Chemistry & Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Division of Applied Chemistry & Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry & Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
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Ahmed E, Karothu DP, Pejov L, Commins P, Hu Q, Naumov P. From Mechanical Effects to Mechanochemistry: Softening and Depression of the Melting Point of Deformed Plastic Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11219-11231. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Ahmed
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ljupčo Pejov
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, POB 8600, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, MK-1000 Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Patrick Commins
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qichi Hu
- Bruker Nano Surfaces Division, 112 Robin Hill Road, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, 10 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Zaczek AJ, Catalano L, Naumov P, Korter TM. Mapping the polymorphic transformation gateway vibration in crystalline 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1332-1341. [PMID: 30809348 PMCID: PMC6354909 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03897j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermosalient behavior of 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene (TBB) is related to a temperature-induced polymorphic structural change. The mechanism behind the phase transition has been investigated in this work using low-frequency (10-250 cm-1) Raman spectroscopy and solid-state density functional theory simulations. Careful adjustments of the probing laser power permitted thermal control of the polymorph populations and enabled high-quality Raman vibrational spectra to be obtained for both the β (low temperature) and γ (high temperature) forms of TBB. Numerous well-defined vibrational features appear in the Raman spectra of both polymorphs which could be assigned to specific motions of the solid-state TBB molecules. It was discovered that the lowest-frequency vibration at 15.5 cm-1 in β-TBB at 291 K is a rotational mode that functions as a gateway for inducing the polymorphic phase transition to γ-TBB, and serves as the initiating step in the storage of mechanical strain for subsequent macroscopic release. Computationally mapping the potential energy surface along this vibrational coordinate reveals that the two TBB polymorphs are separated by a 2.40 kJ mol-1 barrier and that γ-TBB exhibits an enhanced cohesion energy that stabilizes its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Zaczek
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244-4100 , USA .
| | - Luca Catalano
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188 , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188 , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Timothy M Korter
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244-4100 , USA .
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