1
|
Molecular Dynamic and Dissipative Particle Dynamic Simulation on the Miscibility of NR/CR Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040856. [PMID: 36850139 PMCID: PMC9967134 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) exhibits good elasticity, flexural resistance, wear resistance, and excellent mechanical properties, and it has been widely used in aerospace, transportation, medical, and health fields. For NR, however, the resistance to thermal-oxidation and ozone aging is fairly poor. Although aging properties of NR can be significantly improved with the incorporation of chloroprene rubber (CR) according to some references, the miscibility between NR and CR, the morphologies of the binary blends, and so on are revealed ambiguously. In this work, molecular dynamics simulation (MD) and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation were carried out to predict the compatibility between natural rubber and chloroprene rubber in view of Flory-Huggins parameters. The morphologies of the blends were obtained with the use of the DPD method. The simulation results were furtherly examined by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was found that the miscibility between NR and CR is poor. Nevertheless, the miscibility could be improved when the content of CR is 50% or 90%. In addition, spinodal decomposition with a critical temperature of 390 K would take place according to the phase diagram. Microphase structure such as spherical, lamellar, and bicontinuous phases can be found with different contents of CR in the blends with the results of morphologies analysis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Rissanou A, Chazirakis A, Polinska P, Burkhart C, Doxastakis M, Harmandaris V. Polybutadiene Copolymers via Atomistic and Systematic Coarse-Grained Simulations. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia Rissanou
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, (FORTH), IACM/FORTH, GR-71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Antonis Chazirakis
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, (FORTH), IACM/FORTH, GR-71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Craig Burkhart
- The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, 142 Goodyear Blvd., 44305 Akron, Ohio, United States
| | - Manolis Doxastakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, 37996 Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, (FORTH), IACM/FORTH, GR-71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma Q, Liao S, Ma Y, Chu Y, Wang Y. An Ultra-Low-Temperature Elastomer with Excellent Mechanical Performance and Solvent Resistance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102096. [PMID: 34302395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Elastomers presenting good elasticity, ductility, and chemical resistance at low temperatures can serve as superior performers for explorations in extremely cold environments. However, no commercially available elastomer to date can comprehensively fulfill those demands. Here, a perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-based network crosslinked by dynamic urethane chemistry is demonstrated, which may satisfy the demands of application in ultracold environments. As the crucial constitute in such a crosslinked network, PFPE provides the elastomer with excellent elasticity at a temperature down to -110 °C and outstanding ductility within the cryogenic temperature range. Importantly, the high proportion of fluorocarbon segment also provides wonderful compatibility to most organic solvents, accounting for the low-swelling characteristics of the elastomer in sealing applications. Furthermore, the dynamic crosslinking feature allows the cured elastomer to be reprocessed like thermoplastic polymers, which affords great promise to recycle and reuse the elastomer after its disposal. Inherently, this elastomer would inspire a worldwide interest in the design of elastic devices that are adaptable to extremely low temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Shenglong Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yingchao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yanji Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu P, Chen T, Hou G, Xu L, Wang X, Hu Z, Liu J, Zhang L. Quantitatively predicting the mechanical behavior of elastomers via fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulation. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
5
|
Sattar M, Patnaik A. Role of Interface Structure and Chain Dynamics on the Diverging Glass Transition Behavior of SSBR-SiO 2-PIL Elastomers. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21191-21202. [PMID: 32875255 PMCID: PMC7450647 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions between the constituents of a polymer nanocomposite at the polymer-particle interface strongly affect the segmental mobility of polymer chains, correlated with their glass transition behavior, and are responsible for the improved dynamical viscoelastic properties. In this work, we emphasized on the evolution of characteristic interfaces and their dynamics in silica (SiO2 NP)-reinforced, solution-polymerized, styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) composites, whose relative prevalence varied with the phosphonium ionic liquid (PIL) volume fraction, used as an interfacial modifier. The molecular origins of such interfaces were examined through systematic dielectric spectroscopy, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and dynamic-mechanical analyses. The PIL facilitated H-bonding, cation-π, surface-phenyl, and van der Waals interfacial interactions between SSBR and SiO2 NP, thereby regulating the polymer chain dynamics, orientation, and mean-square displacement. Specifically, the mass density profiles from MD simulations revealed the dynamic gradient of polymer chains in the interfacial region as a function of radial distance from the center of mass of the SiO2 NP surface. The results showed a structuring effect to result in well-resolved density peaks at specific radial distances with the tangential orientation of styrene monomers in the vicinity of the SiO2 NP surface. These domino effects highlighted strong interfacial interactions to have an indispensable effect on the viscoelastic performance and thermal motion of SSBR molecular chains, leading to a higher glass transition temperature (T g) by ∼15 K, validating the experimental data. More importantly, our results gave new insights into the fundamental understanding of the fact that the strength of intermolecular interactions induced by PIL at the polymer-particle interface is the key to control the α-relaxation dynamics and T g optimization, desired for specific applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
Abdul Sattar
- Colloid
and Interface Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai600036, India
- R&D
Centre, MRF Limited, MRF Road, Tiruvottiyur, Chennai 600019, India
| | - Archita Patnaik
- Colloid
and Interface Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Anionic Polymerization of Butadiene Using Lithium/Potassium Multi-metallic Systems: Influence on Polymerization Control and Polybutadiene Microstructure. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
7
|
Mitrano DM, Beltzung A, Frehland S, Schmiedgruber M, Cingolani A, Schmidt F. Synthesis of metal-doped nanoplastics and their utility to investigate fate and behaviour in complex environmental systems. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:362-368. [PMID: 30718833 PMCID: PMC6451641 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Research on the distribution and effects of particulate plastic has intensified in recent years and yet, due to analytical challenges, our understanding of nanoplastic occurrence and behaviour has remained comparatively elusive. However, process studies could greatly aid in defining key parameters for nanoplastic interactions within and transfers between technical and environmental compartments. Here we provide a method to synthesize nanoplastic particles doped with a chemically entrapped metal used as a tracer, which provides a robust way to detect nanoplastics more easily, accurately and quantitatively in complex media. We show the utility of this approach in batch studies that simulate the activated sludge process of a municipal waste water treatment plant and so better understand the fate of nanoplastics in urban environments. We found that the majority of particles were associated with the sludge (>98%), with an average recovery of over 93% of the spiked material achieved. We believe that this approach can be developed further to study the fate, transport, mechanistic behaviour and biological uptake of nanoplastics in a variety of systems on different scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Mitrano
- Process Engineering, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Process Engineering, Dubendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Beltzung
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frehland
- Process Engineering, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Process Engineering, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schmiedgruber
- Process Engineering, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Process Engineering, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Cingolani
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Schmidt
- Process Engineering, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Process Engineering, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo Y, Liu H, Xiang B, Chen X, Yang W, Luo Z. Temperature dependence of the interfacial bonding characteristics of silica/styrene butadiene rubber composites: a molecular dynamics simulation study. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40062-40071. [PMID: 35541406 PMCID: PMC9076183 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08325a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on our previous studies on the modification of in-chain styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) using 3-mercaptopropionic acid as well as its composites filled with silica, we further constructed two types of models (amorphous and layered) to investigate the temperature dependence of the interfacial bonding characteristics of silica/SBR composites via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The competing effects of rubber–rubber interactions and filler–rubber interactions were identified, and the relationship between the competing effects and the temperature was determined. Besides this, the effect of temperature on the mobility and distribution of SBR chains on the surface of silica was investigated. It was found that the stronger the interfacial interactions, the less sensitive the motion of SBR chains to temperature. Finally, the number and length of hydrogen bonds as a function of temperature were analyzed. These simulated results deepened the understanding of interface temperature dependence of the silica/SBR composites and gave a molecular level explanation for the existence of an optimum modifier content (14.2 wt%) that is temperature independent. Temperature dependence of the interface between silica and styrene butadiene rubber modified by 3-mercaptopropionic acid was investigated by molecular dynamics simulation.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Luo
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
- Institute of Polymer Materials
| | - Haobei Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 21009
- China
| | - Bo Xiang
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
- Institute of Polymer Materials
| | - Xianling Chen
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology
- State Grid Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute
- Beijing 102211
- China
| | - Zhenyang Luo
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
- Institute of Polymer Materials
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Forens A, Roos K, Dire C, Gadenne B, Carlotti S. Accessible microstructures of polybutadiene by anionic polymerization. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|