1
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Wang Z, Xia S, Deng X, Baryshnikov G, Kuklin A, Ågren H, Zhang H. Platinum group nanoparticles doped BCN matrix: Efficient catalysts for the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:84-95. [PMID: 38460387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The effective treatment of nitrate (NO3-) in water as a nitrogen source and electrocatalytic NO3- reduction to ammonia (NH3) (NRA) have become preferred methods for NO3--to-NH3 conversion. Achieving efficient NO3--to-NH3 conversion requires the design and development of electrode materials with high activity and efficiency for the electrocatalytic NRA reaction. Herein, based on the special properties of dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate anions, a BCN matrix, loaded with platinum-group nanoparticles (namely, Pd/BCN, Pt/BCN, and Ru/BCN), was prepared using a simple method for the electrocatalytic NRA reaction. Results showed that Pd/BCN exerts the best catalytic effect on the NRA reaction. The NH3 production rate reached 12.71 mg h-1 mgcat.-1 at -1.0 V vs. RHE. Faraday efficiency reached 91.79 %, which can be attributed to the more uniform distribution of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, Pd/BCN exhibited high cycling stability and resistance to ionic interference. Moreover, the density functional theory calculations indicated that small and well-distributed Pd nanoclusters in the BCN matrix have a large active surface area and promote the catalytic process. This study provides a new strategy to design catalysts for green ammonia synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxi Wang
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China
| | - Shiying Xia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xuefan Deng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping 60174, Sweden.
| | - Artem Kuklin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Haibo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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2
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Abstract
Large water-soluble anions with chaotropic character display surprisingly strong supramolecular interactions in water, for example, with macrocyclic receptors, polymers, biomembranes, and other hydrophobic cavities and interfaces. The high affinity is traced back to a hitherto underestimated driving force, the chaotropic effect, which is orthogonal to the common hydrophobic effect. This review focuses on the binding of large anions with water-soluble macrocyclic hosts, including cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, bambusurils, biotinurils, and other organic receptors. The high affinity of large anions to molecular receptors has been implemented in several lines of new applications, which are highlighted herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleel I Assaf
- Constructor University, School of Science, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, 19117 Al-Salt, Jordan.
| | - Werner M Nau
- Constructor University, School of Science, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
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3
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Hohenschutz M, Dufrêche JF, Diat O, Bauduin P. When Ions Defy Electrostatics: The Case of Superchaotropic Nanoion Adsorption. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3602-3608. [PMID: 37022948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanometer-sized anions, like polyoxometalates and borate clusters, bind to nonionic hydrated matter driven by the chaotropic effect, which arises from the favorable dehydration of the ions. Herein, we evaluate the adsorption and activity coefficient of the superchaotropic Keggin polyoxometalate SiW12O404- (SiW) on nonionic surfactant (C8E4) micelles by modeling small-angle X-ray and neutron-scattering spectra. Neither hard sphere nor electrostatic repulsion models reproduce the experimental activity coefficient of adsorbed SiW ions on the micelles. However, the activity and binding of SiW on the micelles is well-described by a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. These results imply that adsorbed SiW ions are non-interacting and "create" around themselves adsorption sites on the micelle. The temperature dependence of the adsorption constant showed that the SiW adsorption is enthalpically driven and entropically unfavorable, in line with the typical chaotropic thermochemical signature. The adsorption enthalpy can be split into an electrostatic term and a water-recovery term to evaluate and qualitatively predict the superchaotropicity of a nanoion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Hohenschutz
- ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Univ. Montpellier, Marcoule, France, Centre de Marcoule, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean-François Dufrêche
- ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Univ. Montpellier, Marcoule, France, Centre de Marcoule, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Olivier Diat
- ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Univ. Montpellier, Marcoule, France, Centre de Marcoule, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Pierre Bauduin
- ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Univ. Montpellier, Marcoule, France, Centre de Marcoule, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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4
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Marco J, Dávalos-Prado JZ, Hnyk D, Holub J, Oña OB, Alcoba DR, Ferrer M, Elguero J, Lain L, Torre A, Oliva-Enrich JM. Two Shared Icosahedral Metallacarboranes through Iron: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Refinement of Mössbauer Spectrum in [Fe(1,2-C 2B 9H 11) 2]Cs. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13993-14004. [PMID: 37091389 PMCID: PMC10116535 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mössbauer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS) are complemented with high-level quantum-chemical computations in the study of the geometric and electronic structure of the paramagnetic salt of the metallacarborane sandwich complex [Fe(1,2-C2B9H11)2]Cs = FeSanCs. Experimental 57Fe isomer shifts and quadrupole splitting parameters are compared with the theoretical prediction, with good agreement. The appearance of two sets of Cs(3d) doublets in the XPS spectrum, separated by 2 eV, indicates that Cs has two different chemical environments due to ease of the Cs(+) cation moving around the sandwich complex with low-energy barriers, as confirmed by quantum-chemical computations. Several minimum-energy geometries of the FeSanCs structure with the corresponding energies and Mössbauer parameters are discussed, in particular the atomic charges and spin population and the surroundings of the Fe atom in the complex. The Mössbauer spectra were taken at different temperatures showing the presence of a low-spin Fe atom with S = 1/2 and thus confirming a paramagnetic FeIII species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José
F. Marco
- Instituto
de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Drahomír Hnyk
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-250 68 Řež
near Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Holub
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-250 68 Řež
near Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ofelia B. Oña
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas,
Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Diag. 113 y 64 (S/N), Sucursal 4,
CC 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego R. Alcoba
- Departamento
de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto
de Física de Buenos Aires, Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas,
Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maxime Ferrer
- Instituto
de Química Médica, CSIC, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
- Theoretical
Chemistry and Computational Modelling, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto
de Química Médica, CSIC, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Lain
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado Postal 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alicia Torre
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado Postal 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
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5
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Mahfouz N, Ghaida FA, El Hajj Z, Diab M, Floquet S, Mehdi A, Naoufal D. Recent Achievements on Functionalization within closo‐Decahydrodecaborate [B
10
H
10
]
2−
Clusters. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Mahfouz
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Inorganique et Organométallique LCIO Université Libanaise Faculté des Sciences Hadat, Liban
- Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologies PRASE Université Libanaise Hadat, Liban
- Institut Charles Gerhardt ICGM Université de Montpellier CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Fatima Abi Ghaida
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Inorganique et Organométallique LCIO Université Libanaise Faculté des Sciences Hadat, Liban
- Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologies PRASE Université Libanaise Hadat, Liban
| | - Zeinab El Hajj
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Inorganique et Organométallique LCIO Université Libanaise Faculté des Sciences Hadat, Liban
- Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologies PRASE Université Libanaise Hadat, Liban
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles CNRS UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles France
| | - Manal Diab
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Inorganique et Organométallique LCIO Université Libanaise Faculté des Sciences Hadat, Liban
| | - Sebastien Floquet
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles CNRS UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles France
| | - Ahmad Mehdi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt ICGM Université de Montpellier CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Daoud Naoufal
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Inorganique et Organométallique LCIO Université Libanaise Faculté des Sciences Hadat, Liban
- Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologies PRASE Université Libanaise Hadat, Liban
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6
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Marei T, Al-Joumhawy MK, Alnajjar MA, Nau WM, Assaf KI, Gabel D. Binding affinity of aniline-substituted dodecaborates to cyclodextrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2363-2366. [PMID: 35080530 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06524f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new set of hybrid guest molecules bearing organic and inorganic residues have been studied for their recognition by cyclodextrins in aqueous solution. The guest molecules consist of nitroanilines linked through their amino group to the dodecahydrido-closo-dodecaborate cluster B12H122-, which serves as an anchor group. They show sizable affinity to cyclodextrins, and unexpected photophysical properties, with a very strong and low-energy charge-transfer band. The dodecaborate cluster increases the pKa of the anilines by 5.0 to 5.7 pH units, and the deprotonated forms of the o- and p-nitroaniline derivatives show strong charge transfer absorption bands in the visible part of the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Marei
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen D-28759, Germany.
| | - Mahmoud K Al-Joumhawy
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen D-28759, Germany.
| | - Mohammad A Alnajjar
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen D-28759, Germany.
| | - Werner M Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen D-28759, Germany.
| | - Khaleel I Assaf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Detlef Gabel
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen D-28759, Germany.
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7
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Hollow SE, Johnstone TC. Encapsulation of closo-dodecaiodododecaborate in 2-hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin prevents hemolysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2375-2378. [PMID: 35080538 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06348k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Na2B12I12 has many of the properties desired by an X-ray contrast agent but is lethal at the concentrations needed for medical imaging. We demonstrate here that PBS solutions with >50 mM Na2B12I12 induce hemolysis, consistent with the previously reported superchaotropic nature of the anion. The presence of <1 equiv. of 2-hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin prevents hemolysis and suggests a strategy for exploiting B12I122- as an X-ray contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia E Hollow
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
| | - Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
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8
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Jiang Y, Yuan Q, Cao W, Rohdenburg M, Nierstenhöfer MC, Li Z, Yang Y, Zhong C, Jenne C, Warneke J, Sun H, Sun Z, Wang XB. Gaseous cyclodextrin- closo-dodecaborate complexes χCD·B 12X 122- (χ = α, β, and γ; X = F, Cl, Br, and I): electronic structures and intramolecular interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13447-13457. [PMID: 34008657 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of cyclodextrin-closo-dodecaborate inclusion complexes is of great interest in supramolecular chemistry. Herein, we report a systematic investigation on the electronic structures and intramolecular interactions of perhalogenated closo-dodecaborate dianions B12X122- (X = F, Cl, Br and I) binding to α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins (CDs) in the gas phase using combined negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The vertical detachment energy (VDE) of each complex and electronic stabilization of each dianion due to the CD binding (ΔVDE, relative to the corresponding isolated B12X122-) are determined from the experiments along α-, β- and γ-CD in the form of VDE (ΔVDE): 4.00 (2.10), 4.33 (2.43), and 4.30 (2.40) eV in X = F; 4.09 (1.14), 4.64 (1.69), and 4.69 (1.74) eV in X = Cl; 4.11 (0.91), 4.58 (1.38), and 4.70 (1.50) eV in X = Br; and 3.54 (0.74), 3.88 (1.08), and 4.05 (1.25) eV in X = I, respectively. All complexes have significantly higher VDEs than the corresponding isolated dodecaborate dianions with ΔVDE spanning from 0.74 eV at (α, I) to 2.43 eV at (β, F), sensitive to both host CD size and guest substituent X. DFT-optimized complex structures indicate that all B12X122- prefer binding to the wide openings of CDs with the insertion depth and binding motif strongly dependent on the CD size and halogen X. Dodecaborate anions with heavy halogens, i.e., X = Cl, Br, and I, are found outside of α-CD, while B12F122- is completely wrapped by γ-CD. Partial embedment of B12X122- into CDs is observed for the other complexes via multipronged B-XH-O/C interlocking patterns. The simulated spectra based on the density of states agree well with those of the experiments and the calculated VDEs well reproduce the experimental trends. Molecular orbital analyses suggest that the spectral features at low binding energies originated from electrons detached from the dodecaborate dianion, while those at higher binding energies are derived from electron detachment from CDs. Energy decomposition analyses reveal that the electrostatic interaction plays a dominating role in contributing to the host-guest interactions for the X = F series partially due to the formation of a O/C-HX-B hydrogen bonding network, and the dispersion forces gradually become important with the increase of halogen size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Qinqin Yuan
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P. O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P. O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Markus Rohdenburg
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany and Institut für Angewandte und Physikalische Chemie, Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2-Biologie/Chemie, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marc C Nierstenhöfer
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Zhipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Cheng Zhong
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany and Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Sensoric Surfaces and Functional Interfaces, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P. O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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9
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Chen J, Qian K, Xiao K, Luo J, Li H, Ma T, Kortz U, Tsige M, Liu T. Co-ion Effects in the Self-Assembly of Macroions: From Co-ions to Co-macroions and to the Unique Feature of Self-Recognition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10519-10527. [PMID: 32787054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Macroions, as soluble ions with a size on the nanometer scale, show unique solution behavior different from those of simple ions and large colloidal suspensions. In macroionic solutions, the counterions are known to be important and well-explored. However, the role of co-ions (ions carrying the same type of charge as the macroions) is often ignored. Here, through experimental and simulation studies, we demonstrate the role of co-ions as a function of co-ion size on their interaction with the macroions (using {Mo72Fe30} and {SrPd12} as models) and the related self-assembly into blackberry-type structures in dilute solutions. Several regimes of unique co-ion effects are clearly identified: small ions (halides, oxoacid ions), subnanometer-scaled bulky ions (lacunary Keggin and dodecaborate ions), and those with sizes comparable to the macroions. Small co-ions have no observable effect on the self-assembly of fully hydrophilic {Mo72Fe30}, while due to hydrophobic interaction and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, the small co-ions show influences on the self-assembly of hydrophobic {SrPd12}. Subnanometer ions, a.k.a. "superchaotropic ions", are still too small to assemble into a blackberry by themselves, but they can coassemble with the macroions, showing a strong interaction with the macroionic system. When the co-ion size is comparable to that of the macroions, they assemble independently instead of assembling with the macroions, leading to the previously reported unique self-recognition phenomenon for macroions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Kun Qian
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Kexing Xiao
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Jiancheng Luo
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kortz
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Mesfin Tsige
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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10
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Assaf KI, Holub J, Bernhardt E, Oliva‐Enrich JM, Fernández Pérez MI, Canle M, Santaballa JA, Fanfrlík J, Hnyk D, Nau WM. Face-Fusion of Icosahedral Boron Hydride Increases Affinity to γ-Cyclodextrin: closo,closo-[B 21 H 18 ] - as an Anion with Very Low Free Energy of Dehydration. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:971-976. [PMID: 32163219 PMCID: PMC7318346 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular recognition of closo,closo-[B21 H18 ]- by cyclodextrins (CDs) has been studied in aqueous solution by isothermal titration calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These solution studies follow up on previous mass-spectrometric measurements and computations, which indicated the formation and stability of CD ⋅ B21 H18- complexes in the gas phase. The thermodynamic signature of solution-phase binding is exceptional, the association constant for the γ-CD complex with B21 H18- reaches 1.8×106 M-1 , which is on the same order of magnitude as the so far highest observed value for the complex between γ-CD and a metallacarborane. The nature of the intermolecular interaction is also examined by quantum-mechanical computational protocols. These suggest that the desolvation penalty, which is particularly low for the B21 H18- anion, is the decisive factor for its high binding strength. The results further suggest that the elliptical macropolyhedral boron hydride is another example of a CD binder, whose extraordinary binding affinity is driven by the chaotropic effect, which describes the intrinsic affinity of large polarizable and weakly solvated chaotropic anions to hydrophobic cavities and surfaces in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleel I. Assaf
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJacobs University BremenCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany
- Department of ChemistryAl-Balqa Applied University19117Al-SaltJordan
| | - Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences25068Husinec-ŘežCzech Republic
| | - Eduard Bernhardt
- Bergische University WuppertalGaussstrasse 2042097WuppertalGermany
| | | | - M. Isabel Fernández Pérez
- Departamento de QuímicaFacultade de Ciencias and CICAZapateiraUniversidade da Coruña Grupo de Reactividade Química e Fotorreactividade (REACT!) ESP-15071CoruñaSpain
| | - Moisés Canle
- Departamento de QuímicaFacultade de Ciencias and CICAZapateiraUniversidade da Coruña Grupo de Reactividade Química e Fotorreactividade (REACT!) ESP-15071CoruñaSpain
| | - J. Arturo Santaballa
- Departamento de QuímicaFacultade de Ciencias and CICAZapateiraUniversidade da Coruña Grupo de Reactividade Química e Fotorreactividade (REACT!) ESP-15071CoruñaSpain
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nam. 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Drahomír Hnyk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences25068Husinec-ŘežCzech Republic
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJacobs University BremenCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany
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11
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Cubic platinum nanoparticles capped with Cs2[closo-B12H12] as an effective oxidation catalyst for converting methane to ethanol. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 566:135-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Matějíček P. Erratic ions: self-assembly and coassembly of ions of nanometer size and of irregular structure. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Li Z, Jiang Y, Yuan Q, Warneke J, Hu Z, Yang Y, Sun H, Sun Z, Wang XB. Photoelectron spectroscopy and computational investigations of the electronic structures and noncovalent interactions of cyclodextrin-closo-dodecaborate anion complexes χ-CD·B12X122− (χ = α, β, γ; X = H, F). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7193-7200. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00700e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report a joint negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy and computational study on the electronic structures and noncovalent interactions of a series of cyclodextrin-closo-dodecaborate dianion complexes, χ-CD·B12X122− (χ = α, β, γ; X = H, F).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
- Physical Sciences Division
| | - Yanrong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Qinqin Yuan
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Leipzig
- 04103 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Zhubin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
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14
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Diab M, Floquet S, Haouas M, Abramov PA, López X, Landy D, Damond A, Falaise C, Guérineau V, Touboul D, Naoufal D, Cadot E. Encapsulation of Chaotropic
closo
‐Decahydrodecaborate Clusters Within Cyclodextrins: Synthesis, Solution Studies, and DFT Calculations. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manal Diab
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ Université Paris‐Saclay 45 av. des Etats‐Unis 78035 Versailles France
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry, LCIO Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences I Hadath Lebanon
| | - Sébastien Floquet
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ Université Paris‐Saclay 45 av. des Etats‐Unis 78035 Versailles France
| | - Mohamed Haouas
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ Université Paris‐Saclay 45 av. des Etats‐Unis 78035 Versailles France
| | - Pavel A. Abramov
- Nikolaiev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Xavier López
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel.lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - David Landy
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV, EA 4492), ULCO Dunkerque France
| | - Aurélie Damond
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ Université Paris‐Saclay 45 av. des Etats‐Unis 78035 Versailles France
| | - Clément Falaise
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ Université Paris‐Saclay 45 av. des Etats‐Unis 78035 Versailles France
| | - Vincent Guérineau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS UPR2301 Université Paris‐Sud, Université Paris‐Saclay Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif‐sur‐Yvette Cedex France
| | - David Touboul
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS UPR2301 Université Paris‐Sud, Université Paris‐Saclay Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif‐sur‐Yvette Cedex France
| | - Daoud Naoufal
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry, LCIO Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences I Hadath Lebanon
| | - Emmanuel Cadot
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ Université Paris‐Saclay 45 av. des Etats‐Unis 78035 Versailles France
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15
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Assaf KI, Begaj B, Frank A, Nilam M, Mougharbel AS, Kortz U, Nekvinda J, Grüner B, Gabel D, Nau WM. High-Affinity Binding of Metallacarborane Cobalt Bis(dicarbollide) Anions to Cyclodextrins and Application to Membrane Translocation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11790-11798. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaleel I. Assaf
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Barbara Begaj
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Angelina Frank
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Nilam
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ali S. Mougharbel
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kortz
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jan Nekvinda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Hlavní 1001, CZ-250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumír Grüner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Hlavní 1001, CZ-250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Detlef Gabel
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
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16
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Avdeeva VV, Malinina EA, Zhizhin KY, Bernhardt E, Kuznetsov NT. Structural Diversity of Dimer Clusters Based on the Octadecahydro-Eicosaborate Anion. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476619050020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Macháček J, Francés-Monerris A, Karmodak N, Roca-Sanjuán D, Fanfrlík J, Londesborough MGS, Hnyk D, Jemmis ED. A theoretical analysis of the structure and properties of B26H30 isomers. Consequences to the laser and semiconductor doping capabilities of large borane clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12916-12923. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02371b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The most stable isomer B26H30 with its predicted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Macháček
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- CZ-250 68 Husinec-Řež
- Czech Republic
| | | | - Naiwrit Karmodak
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 56001
- India
| | | | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- CZ-166 10 Praha 6
- Czech Republic
| | | | - Drahommír Hnyk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- CZ-250 68 Husinec-Řež
- Czech Republic
| | - Eluvathingal D. Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 56001
- India
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18
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Fink K, Kobak K, Kasztura M, Boratyński J, Goszczyński TM. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Thymosin β4-Anionic Boron Cluster Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3509-3515. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Fink
- Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy PAS, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamil Kobak
- Laboratory for Applied Research on Cardiovascular System, Department of Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, 5 Rudolf Weigl Street, 50-981 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Kasztura
- Laboratory for Applied Research on Cardiovascular System, Department of Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, 5 Rudolf Weigl Street, 50-981 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Janusz Boratyński
- Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy PAS, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz M. Goszczyński
- Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy PAS, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
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19
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Assaf KI, Nau WM. The Chaotropic Effect as an Assembly Motif in Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13968-13981. [PMID: 29992706 PMCID: PMC6220808 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Following up on scattered reports on interactions of conventional chaotropic ions (for example, I- , SCN- , ClO4- ) with macrocyclic host molecules, biomolecules, and hydrophobic neutral surfaces in aqueous solution, the chaotropic effect has recently emerged as a generic driving force for supramolecular assembly, orthogonal to the hydrophobic effect. The chaotropic effect becomes most effective for very large ions that extend beyond the classical Hofmeister scale and that can be referred to as superchaotropic ions (for example, borate clusters and polyoxometalates). In this Minireview, we present a continuous scale of water-solute interactions that includes the solvation of kosmotropic, chaotropic, and hydrophobic solutes, as well as the creation of void space (cavitation). Recent examples for the association of chaotropic anions to hydrophobic synthetic and biological binding sites, lipid bilayers, and surfaces are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleel I. Assaf
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJacobs University BremenCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJacobs University BremenCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleel I. Assaf
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry; Jacobs University Bremen; Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Deutschland
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry; Jacobs University Bremen; Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Deutschland
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21
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Melánová K, Holub J, Hynek J, Fanfrlík J, Beneš L, Kutálek P, Krejčová A, Hnyk D, Zima V. Outerly functionalized and non-functionalized boron clusters intercalated into layered hydroxides with different modes of binding: materials for superacid storage. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11669-11679. [PMID: 30101969 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02251h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two binary boron hydrides (NH4)2B10H10 and Na2B12H12 and mono- and dicarboxy p- and m-carboranes (namely, 1-(COOH)-closo-1,7-C2B10H11, 1,12-(COOH)2-closo-1,12-C2B10H10 and 1,7-(COOH)2-closo-1,7-C2B10H10) were intercalated into ZnAl-layered double hydroxides (ZnAl-LDH) and into Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2·2H2O. The formed compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, thermogravimetry analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and solid state NMR. All the intercalated boron compounds are present in the interlayer space of the layered hosts as anions. It is presumed that in the case of B10H102-, B12H122- and 1,12-(COO)2-closo-1,12-C2B10H102-, the guest molecules form a monolayer, whereas in the case of 1-(COO)-closo-1,7-C2B10H111- and 1,7-(COO)2-closo-1,7-C2B10H102- a bilayer arrangement is more probable. In the case of 1,7-(COO)2-closo-1,7-C2B10H102-, the guest molecules are strongly interdigitated resulting in lowering of the interlayer distance. Two different modes of binding were found. Whereas the carboxylate derivatives of p- and m-carboranes are bonded through classical hydrogen bonds, the corresponding parent borane anions interact with the host structures by mainly dihydrogen bonding. In effect, both kinds of hydrogen bonding are mainly of an electrostatic nature. The dihydrogen bond is detected, e.g. in crystal engineering, and represents a driving force for interactions of boranes with biomolecules. Since the latter dicarboxylic acids were found to be superacids, their interactions with the host structures should be stronger than in the case of the benzoic and terephthalic acid intercalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Melánová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec - ŘeŽ, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Hynek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec - ŘeŽ, Czech Republic.
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ludvík Beneš
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kutálek
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Krejčová
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Drahomír Hnyk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec - ŘeŽ, Czech Republic.
| | - Vítězslav Zima
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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22
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Oliva-Enrich JM, Humbel S, Santaballa JA, Alkorta I, Notario R, Dávalos JZ, Canle-L. M, Bernhardt E, Holub J, Hnyk D. Predicted Gas-Phase and Liquid-Phase Acidities of Carborane Carboxylic and Dicarboxylic Acids. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephane Humbel
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - J. Arturo Santaballa
- Grupo de Reactividade Química e Fotorreactividade; Departamento de Química; Facultade de Ciencias and CICA; Universidade da Coruña; ES-15071 A Coruña Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC; Juan de la Cierva 3 E-28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Notario
- Physical Chemistry Institute “Rocasolano”, CSIC; E-28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Z. Dávalos
- Physical Chemistry Institute “Rocasolano”, CSIC; E-28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Moisés Canle-L.
- Grupo de Reactividade Química e Fotorreactividade; Departamento de Química; Facultade de Ciencias and CICA; Universidade da Coruña; ES-15071 A Coruña Spain
| | - Eduard Bernhardt
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Anorganische Chemie; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.; 250 68 Husinec-Řež Czech Republic
| | - Drahomír Hnyk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.; 250 68 Husinec-Řež Czech Republic
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23
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Qi B, Wu C, Xu L, Wang W, Cao J, Liu J, Zhang S, Gabel D, Zhang H, Zhou X. From boron clusters to gold clusters: new label-free colorimetric sensors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11790-11793. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06607d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on boron clusters, AuNPs were successfully prepared and exhibited high performance in phase transfer and heavy-metal ion sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Ling Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Jin Cao
- Hubei Gedian Humanwell Pharmaceutical Excipents Co
- Ltd. Gedian
- China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hunan University of Arts and Science
- Changde
- China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- Germany
| | - Detlef Gabel
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- Germany
| | - Haibo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xiaohai Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
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