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Moreira MIF, Almeida J, Leite A, Lobo Ferreira AIMC, Santos LMNBF, Silva AMG, Rangel M. Ohmic heating-assisted synthesis and characterization of Zn(II), Cu(II) and Pd(II) complexes of heterocyclic-fused chlorins. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3520-3530. [PMID: 35142773 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorins are highly interesting compounds due to their spectroscopic properties in both UV-Vis and NIR regions. Upon coordination to a metal ion, the corresponding metallochlorins exhibit more valuable physicochemical properties that enable a broader range of applications, such as in photodynamic therapy (PDT), water splitting catalysis, optical sensor devices and dye-sensitized solar cells. Synthetic chemistry has been in a continuous quest to fulfil most green chemistry requirements through the development of efficient reactions. Being a heating process that does not depend on heat transfer to the reaction medium, ohmic heating accomplishes the mentioned requirements and allows a fast and uniform heating regime thanks to the ionic conductivity of the reaction medium. Herein, we report the metallation of pyrrolidine- and isoxazolidine-fused chlorins with Zn(II), Cu(II) and Pd(II) salts by ohmic heating, using non-toxic aqueous solutions, and their corresponding physico-chemical characterization. All pyrrolidine-fused chlorins showed higher yields, when compared with isoxazolidine ones. From the thermogravimetric analysis performed it is possible to infer that the metal enhances the steadiness of the macrocycle, making it easier to cause the thermal decomposition of the pyrrolidine- and isoxazolidine-fused chlorins. The Zn(II) complexes showed high absorption in the NIR spectral region, a low fluorescence quantum yield and a short excited singlet state, which indicate the high efficiency of intersystem crossing to the triplet state, making them very promising candidates as photosensitizers for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I F Moreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Leite
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana I M C Lobo Ferreira
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS) - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, P-4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís M N B F Santos
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS) - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, P-4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M G Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Rangel
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
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En route to the transformation of porphyrin molecules for PDT: Theoretical insights on the reactive oxygen generation of 1D nano-wires and 2D covalent organic frameworks. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Aroso RT, Piccirillo G, Arnaut ZA, Gonzalez AC, Rodrigues FM, Pereira MM. Photodynamic inactivation of influenza virus as a potential alternative for the control of respiratory tract infections. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Elliott R, Ryan AA, Aggarwal A, Zhu N, Steuber FW, Senge MO, Schmitt W. 2D Porphyrinic Metal-Organic Frameworks Featuring Rod-Shaped Secondary Building Units. Molecules 2021; 26:2955. [PMID: 34065664 PMCID: PMC8156857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) encompass a rapidly expanding class of materials with diverse potential applications including gas storage, molecular separation, sensing and catalysis. So-called 'rod MOFs', which comprise infinitely extended 1D secondary building units (SBUs), represent an underexplored subclass of MOF. Further, porphyrins are considered privileged ligands for MOF synthesis due to their tunable redox and photophysical properties. In this study, the CuII complex of 5,15-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin (H2L-CuII, where H2 refers to the ligand's carboxyl H atoms) is used to prepare two new 2D porphyrinic rod MOFs PROD-1 and PROD-2. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that these frameworks feature 1D MnII- or CoII-based rod-like SBUs that are coordinated by labile solvent molecules and photoactive porphyrin moieties. Both materials were characterised using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The structural attributes of PROD-1 and PROD-2 render them promising materials for future photocatalytic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Elliott
- School of Chemistry & AMBER Centre, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (R.E.); (A.A.); (N.Z.); (F.W.S.)
| | - Aoife A. Ryan
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Aviral Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry & AMBER Centre, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (R.E.); (A.A.); (N.Z.); (F.W.S.)
| | - Nianyong Zhu
- School of Chemistry & AMBER Centre, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (R.E.); (A.A.); (N.Z.); (F.W.S.)
| | - Friedrich W. Steuber
- School of Chemistry & AMBER Centre, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (R.E.); (A.A.); (N.Z.); (F.W.S.)
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Focus Group—Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg-Str. 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Schmitt
- School of Chemistry & AMBER Centre, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (R.E.); (A.A.); (N.Z.); (F.W.S.)
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Interactions of porphyrins with DNA: A review focusing recent advances in chemical modifications on porphyrins as artificial nucleases. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 219:111434. [PMID: 33819802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The advance of porphyrins as artificial nucleases along the years have developed a class of compounds having potential therapeutic applications. Being an extrovert of chemistry, a variety of chemical modifications have been done on porphyrin macrocycle in order to improve the spectroscopic properties and to adapt as artificial receptors that can recognize molecules. The last twenty years has witnessed broad research in the arena of porphyrin- DNA interactions and their evolution from simple to more complex entities. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the porphyrin-based structural modifications, with a specific emphasis on various effects of porphyrin on DNA cleavage potency. We particularly detailed the nuclease activity of cationic and anionic porphyrins, porphyrin dimers and conjugates as well as heme proteins till the third generation porphyrins as artificial nucleases.
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Uranga J, Mujika JI, Grande-Aztatzi R, Matxain JM. Oxidation of Acid, Base, and Amide Side-Chain Amino Acid Derivatives via Hydroxyl Radical. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:4956-4971. [PMID: 29676577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (•OH) is known to be highly reactive. Herein, we analyze the oxidation of acid (Asp and Glu), base (Arg and Lys), and amide (Asn and Gln) containing amino acid derivatives by the consecutive attack of two •OH. In this work, we study the reaction pathway by means of density functional theory. The oxidation mechanism is divided into two steps: (1) the first •OH can abstract a H atom or an electron, leading to a radical amino acid derivative, which is the intermediate of the reaction and (2) the second •OH can abstract another H atom or add itself to the formed radical, rendering the final oxidized products. The studied second attack of •OH is applicable to situations where high concentration of •OH is found, e.g., in vitro. Carbonyls are the best known oxidation products for these reactions. This work includes solvent dielectric and confirmation's effects of the reaction, showing that both are negligible. Overall, the most favored intermediates of the oxidation process at the side chain correspond to the secondary radicals stabilized by hyperconjugation. Intermediates show to be more stable in those cases where the spin density of the unpaired electron is lowered. Alcohols formed at the side chains are the most favored products, followed by the double-bond-containing ones. Interestingly, Arg and Lys side-chain scission leads to the most favored carbonyl-containing oxidation products, in line with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Uranga
- Kimika Fakultatea-Chemistry Department , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) , P.K. 1072 , 20080 Donostia , Euskadi , Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 Donostia , Euskadi , Spain
| | - Jon I Mujika
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 Donostia , Euskadi , Spain
| | - Rafael Grande-Aztatzi
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 Donostia , Euskadi , Spain
| | - Jon M Matxain
- Kimika Fakultatea-Chemistry Department , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) , P.K. 1072 , 20080 Donostia , Euskadi , Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 Donostia , Euskadi , Spain
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