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Ellermann F, Sirbu A, Brahms A, Assaf C, Herges R, Hövener JB, Pravdivtsev AN. Spying on parahydrogen-induced polarization transfer using a half-tesla benchtop MRI and hyperpolarized imaging enabled by automation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4774. [PMID: 37553405 PMCID: PMC10409769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear spin hyperpolarization is a quantum effect that enhances the nuclear magnetic resonance signal by several orders of magnitude and has enabled real-time metabolic imaging in humans. However, the translation of hyperpolarization technology into routine use in laboratories and medical centers is hampered by the lack of portable, cost-effective polarizers that are not commercially available. Here, we present a portable, automated polarizer based on parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization (PHIP) at an intermediate magnetic field of 0.5 T (achieved by permanent magnets). With a footprint of 1 m2, we demonstrate semi-continuous, fully automated 1H hyperpolarization of ethyl acetate-d6 and ethyl pyruvate-d6 to P = 14.4% and 16.2%, respectively, and a 13C polarization of 1-13C-ethyl pyruvate-d6 of P = 7%. The duty cycle for preparing a dose is no more than 1 min. To reveal the full potential of 1H hyperpolarization in an inhomogeneous magnetic field, we convert the anti-phase PHIP signals into in-phase peaks, thereby increasing the SNR by a factor of 5. Using a spin-echo approach allowed us to observe the evolution of spin order distribution in real time while conserving the expensive reagents for reaction monitoring, imaging and potential in vivo usage. This compact polarizer will allow us to pursue the translation of hyperpolarized MRI towards in vivo applications further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aidan Sirbu
- Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Arne Brahms
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Charbel Assaf
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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2
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Brown E, Mandzhieva I, TomHon PM, Theis T, Castellano FN. Triplet Photosensitized para-Hydrogen Induced Polarization. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1548-1556. [PMID: 36439314 PMCID: PMC9686209 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite its enormous utility in structural characterization, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is inherently limited by low spin polarization. One method to address the low polarization is para-hydrogen (p-H2) induced polarization (PHIP) which uses the singlet spin isomer of H2 to generate disparate nuclear spin populations to amplify the associated NMR signals. PHIP often relies on thermal catalysis or, more infrequently, UV-activated catalytic hydrogenation. Light-activated hydrogenation enables direct and timed control over the hyperpolarization of target substrates, critical for identifying short-lived intermediates. Here, we use an established Ir(III) triplet photosensitizer (PS) to visible light sensitize the triplet ligand-field states in the d6-transition metal dihydride Ru(CO)(PPh3)3(H)2 (1). Excitation inside a 9.4 T NMR spectrometer with the PS and a 420 nm blue LED, under 3 atm of p-H2, successfully photosensitized hyperpolarization in 1 and in a range of unsaturated substrates at and below room temperature, up to 1630-fold. In otherwise identical experimental conditions without light activation, no polarization was realized in 1 or the substrates evaluated. We believe triplet-sensitized PHIP (Trip-PHIP) represents a facile experimental means for probing triplet sensitized light activation in transition metal catalysts possessing low-lying triplet ligand-field states, providing mechanistic insight of potentially tremendous value in chemical catalysis.
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3
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Xu J, Budker D, Barskiy D. Visualization of dynamics in coupled multi-spin systems. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2022; 3:145-160. [PMID: 37904867 PMCID: PMC10583293 DOI: 10.5194/mr-3-145-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the dawn of quantum mechanics, ways to visualize spins and their interactions have attracted the attention of researchers and philosophers of science. In this work we present a generalized measurement-based 3D-visualization approach for describing dynamics in strongly coupled spin ensembles. The approach brings together angular momentum probability surfaces (AMPS), Husimi Q functions, and DROPS (discrete representations of operators for spin systems) and finds particular utility when the total angular momentum basis is used for describing Hamiltonians. We show that, depending on the choice of a generalized measurement operator, the plotted surfaces either represent probabilities of finding the maximal projection of an angular momentum along any direction in space or represent measurable coherences between the states with different total angular momenta. Such effects are difficult to grasp by looking at (time-dependent) numerical values of density-matrix elements. The approach is complete in a sense that there is one-to-one correspondence between the plotted surfaces and the density matrix. Three examples of nuclear spin dynamics in two-spin systems are visualized: (i) a zero- to ultralow-field (ZULF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment in the presence of a magnetic field applied perpendicularly to the sensitive axis of the detector, (ii) interplay between chemical exchange and spin dynamics during high-field signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), and (iii) a high-field spin-lock-induced crossing (SLIC) sequence, with the initial state being the singlet state between two spins. The presented visualization technique facilitates intuitive understanding of spin dynamics during complex experiments as exemplified here by the considered cases. Temporal sequences ("the movies") of such surfaces show phenomena like interconversion of spin order between the coupled spins and are particularly relevant in ZULF NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Xu
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - Danila A. Barskiy
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
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4
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Symmetry Constraints on Spin Order Transfer in Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization (PHIP). Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the association of parahydrogen (pH2) with an unsaturated molecule or a transient metalorganic complex can enhance the intensity of NMR signals; the effect is known as parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP). During recent decades, numerous methods were proposed for converting pH2-derived nuclear spin order to the observable magnetization of protons or other nuclei of interest, usually 13C or 15N. Here, we analyze the constraints imposed by the topological symmetry of the spin systems on the amplitude of transferred polarization. We find that in asymmetric systems, heteronuclei can be polarized to 100%. However, the amplitude drops to 75% in A2BX systems and further to 50% in A3B2X systems. The latter case is of primary importance for biological applications of PHIP using sidearm hydrogenation (PHIP-SAH). If the polarization is transferred to the same type of nuclei, i.e., 1H, symmetry constraints impose significant boundaries on the spin-order distribution. For AB, A2B, A3B, A2B2, AA’(AA’) systems, the maximum average polarization for each spin is 100%, 50%, 33.3%, 25%, and 0, respectively, (where A and B (or A’) came from pH2). Remarkably, if the polarization of all spins in a molecule is summed up, the total polarization grows asymptotically with ~1.27 and can exceed 2 in the absence of symmetry constraints (where is the number of spins). We also discuss the effect of dipole–dipole-induced pH2 spin-order distribution in heterogeneous catalysis or nematic liquid crystals. Practical examples from the literature illustrate our theoretical analysis.
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Adams RW, John RO, Blazina D, Eguillor B, Cockett MCR, Dunne JP, López‐Serrano J, Duckett SB. Contrasting Photochemical and Thermal Catalysis by Ruthenium Arsine Complexes Revealed by Parahydrogen Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph W. Adams
- Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD UK
- Current address: School of Chemistry University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Richard O. John
- Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD UK
- Current address: Department of Physics University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Damir Blazina
- Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Beatriz Eguillor
- Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD UK
- Current address: Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Zaragoza – CSIC 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | | | - John P. Dunne
- Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Joaquín López‐Serrano
- Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD UK
- Current address: Departmento de Química Inorgánica Universidad de Sevilla 41012 Sevilla, Andalucía Spain
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD UK
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6
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Schmidt AB, Bowers CR, Buckenmaier K, Chekmenev EY, de Maissin H, Eills J, Ellermann F, Glöggler S, Gordon JW, Knecht S, Koptyug IV, Kuhn J, Pravdivtsev AN, Reineri F, Theis T, Them K, Hövener JB. Instrumentation for Hydrogenative Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarization Techniques. Anal Chem 2022; 94:479-502. [PMID: 34974698 PMCID: PMC8784962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B. Schmidt
- Department of Radiology – Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - C. Russell Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 2001 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospect, 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Henri de Maissin
- Department of Radiology – Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - James Eills
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55090 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group Max Planck Institutefor Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | | | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Jule Kuhn
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Via Nizza 52, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Thomas Theis
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kolja Them
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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7
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Pravdivtsev AN, Hövener JB, Schmidt AB. Frequency-Selective Manipulations of Spins allow Effective and Robust Transfer of Spin Order from Parahydrogen to Heteronuclei in Weakly-Coupled Spin Systems. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100721. [PMID: 34874086 PMCID: PMC9306892 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a selectively pulsed (SP) generation of sequences to transfer the spin order of parahydrogen (pH2) to heteronuclei in weakly coupled spin systems. We analyze and discuss the mechanism and efficiency of SP spin order transfer (SOT) and derive sequence parameters. These new sequences are most promising for the hyperpolarization of molecules at high magnetic fields. SP‐SOT is effective and robust despite the symmetry of the 1H‐13C J‐couplings even when precursor molecules are not completely labeled with deuterium. As only one broadband 1H pulse is needed per sequence, which can be replaced for instance by a frequency‐modulated pulse, lower radiofrequency (RF) power is required. This development will be useful to hyperpolarize (new) agents and to perform the hyperpolarization within the bore of an MRI system, where the limited RF power has been a persistent problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University Department, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University Department, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University Department, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Pravdivtsev AN, Sönnichsen FD, Hövener JB. In vitro singlet state and zero-quantum encoded magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Illustration with N-acetyl-aspartate. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239982. [PMID: 33002045 PMCID: PMC7529218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows the analysis of biochemical processes non-invasively and in vivo. Still, its application in clinical diagnostics is rare. Routine MRS is limited to spatial, chemical and temporal resolutions of cubic centimetres, mM and minutes. In fact, the signal of many metabolites is strong enough for detection, but the resonances significantly overlap, exacerbating identification and quantification. Besides, the signals of water and lipids are much stronger and dominate the entire spectrum. To suppress the background and isolate selected signals, usually, relaxation times, J-coupling and chemical shifts are used. Here, we propose methods to isolate the signals of selected molecular groups within endogenous metabolites by using long-lived spin states (LLS). We exemplify the method by preparing the LLSs of coupled protons in the endogenous molecules N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid (NAA). First, we store polarization in long-lived, double spin states, followed by saturation pulses before the spin order is converted back to observable magnetization or double quantum filters to suppress background signals. We show that LLS and zero-quantum coherences can be used to selectively prepare and measure the signals of chosen metabolites or drugs in the presence of water, inhomogeneous field and highly concentrated fatty solutions. The strong suppression of unwanted signals achieved allowed us to measure pH as a function of chemical shift difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank D Sönnichsen
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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9
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Buckenmaier K, Scheffler K, Plaumann M, Fehling P, Bernarding J, Rudolph M, Back C, Koelle D, Kleiner R, Hövener J, Pravdivtsev AN. Multiple Quantum Coherences Hyperpolarized at Ultra-Low Fields. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2823-2829. [PMID: 31536665 PMCID: PMC6900040 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of hyperpolarization technologies enabled several yet exotic NMR applications at low and ultra-low fields (ULF), where without hyperpolarization even the detection of a signal from analytes is a challenge. Herein, we present a method for the simultaneous excitation and observation of homo- and heteronuclear multiple quantum coherences (from zero up to the third-order), which give an additional degree of freedom for ULF NMR experiments, where the chemical shift variation is negligible. The approach is based on heteronuclear correlated spectroscopy (COSY); its combination with a phase-cycling scheme allows the selective observation of multiple quantum coherences of different orders. The nonequilibrium spin state and multiple spin orders are generated by signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) and detected at ULF with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based NMR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsMax-Planck-Ring 1172076TübingenGermany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsMax-Planck-Ring 1172076TübingenGermany
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic ResonanceUniversity of TübingenHoppe-Seyler-Str. 372076TübingenGermany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical InformaticsOtto-von-Guericke University Building 02Leipziger Str. 4439120MagdeburgGermany
| | - Paul Fehling
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsMax-Planck-Ring 1172076TübingenGermany
| | - Johannes Bernarding
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical InformaticsOtto-von-Guericke University Building 02Leipziger Str. 4439120MagdeburgGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsMax-Planck-Ring 1172076TübingenGermany
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISAUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1472076TübingenGermany
| | - Christoph Back
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISAUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1472076TübingenGermany
| | - Dieter Koelle
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISAUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1472076TübingenGermany
| | - Reinhold Kleiner
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISAUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1472076TübingenGermany
| | - Jan‐Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424114KielGermany
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424114KielGermany
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10
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Halse ME, Procacci B, Perutz RN, Duckett SB. Towards measuring reactivity on micro-to-millisecond timescales with laser pump, NMR probe spectroscopy. Faraday Discuss 2019; 220:28-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00039a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a quantitative analysis of the timescales of reactivity that are accessible to a laser pump, NMR probe spectroscopy method using para-hydrogen induced polarisation (PHIP) and identify three kinetic regimes: fast, intermediate and slow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Procacci
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York
- UK
| | | | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York
- UK
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11
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Pravdivtsev AN, Sönnichsen F, Hövener JB. OnlyParahydrogen SpectrosopY (OPSY) pulse sequences - One does not fit all. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 297:86-95. [PMID: 30366223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The hyperpolarization of nuclear spins using parahydrogen is an interesting effect that allows to increase the magnetic resonance signal by several orders of magnitude. Known as ParaHydrogen And Synthesis Allow Dramatically Enhanced Nuclear Alignment (PASADENA) and ParaHydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP), the method was successfully used for in vitro analysis and in vivo imaging. In this contribution, we investigated four known and four new variants of Only Parahydrogen SpectroscopY (OPSY) sequences (Aguilar et al., 2007) with respect to the selective preparation of hyperpolarized NMR signal and background suppression. Depending on the method chosen, either anti-phase, in-phase or a mixture of both signals are obtained: anti-phase signals are beneficial to identify hyperpolarized signals and the structure or J-coupling constants; in-phase signals are useful for imaging applications or when the lines are broad. This comprehensive overview of sequences new and old facilitates selecting the right sequence for the task at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Frank Sönnichsen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chemistry Section, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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12
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Pravdivtsev AN, Kozinenko VP, Hövener JB. Only Para-Hydrogen Spectroscopy (OPSY) Revisited: In-Phase Spectra for Chemical Analysis and Imaging. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8948-8956. [PMID: 30293421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We revisited only para-hydrogen spectroscopy (OPSY) for the analysis of para-hydrogen-enhanced NMR spectra at high magnetic fields. We found that the sign of the gradients and interpulse delays are pivotal for the performance of the sequence: the variant of double-quantum filter OPSY, where the second time interval is twice as long as the first one (OPSYd-12) converts the antiphase spectrum to in-phase and efficiently suppresses the background signal in a single scan better than the other variants. OPSYd-12 strongly facilitates the analysis of para-hydrogen-derived NMR spectra in homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic fields. Furthermore, the net magnetization produced is essential for subsequent applications such as imaging, e.g., in a reaction chamber or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) , Kiel University , Am Botanischen Garten 18 , 24118 , Kiel , Germany
| | - Vitaly P Kozinenko
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova str. 2 , 630090 , Novosibirsk , Russia.,International Tomography Center SB RAS , Institutskaya str. 3a , 630090 , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) , Kiel University , Am Botanischen Garten 18 , 24118 , Kiel , Germany
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Roy S, Appleby KM, Fear EJ, Duckett SB. SABRE-Relay: A Versatile Route to Hyperpolarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1112-1117. [PMID: 29432020 PMCID: PMC5840861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is used to switch on the latent singlet spin order of para-hydrogen (p-H2) so that it can hyperpolarize a substrate (sub = nicotinamide, nicotinate, niacin, pyrimidine, and pyrazine). The substrate then reacts reversibly with [Pt(OTf)2(bis-diphenylphosphinopropane)] by displacing OTf- to form [Pt(OTf)(sub)(bis-diphenylphosphinopropane)]OTf. The 31P NMR signals of these metal complexes prove to be enhanced when the substrate possesses an accessible singlet state or long-lived Zeeman polarization. In the case of pyrazine, the corresponding 31P signal was 105 ± 8 times larger than expected, which equated to an 8 h reduction in total scan time for an equivalent signal-to-noise ratio under normal acquisition conditions. Hence, p-H2 derived spin order is successfully relayed into a second metal complex via a suitable polarization carrier (sub). When fully developed, we expect this route involving a second catalyst to successfully hyperpolarize many classes of substrates that are not amenable to the original SABRE method.
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Procacci B, Duckett SB, George MW, Hanson-Heine MWD, Horvath R, Perutz RN, Sun XZ, Vuong KQ, Welch JA. Competing Pathways in the Photochemistry of Ru(H) 2(CO)(PPh 3) 3. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Procacci
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, York Science Park, University of York, York YO10 5NY, U.K
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, York Science Park, University of York, York YO10 5NY, U.K
| | - Michael W. George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Raphael Horvath
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Robin N. Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Khuong Q. Vuong
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Janet A. Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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