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Guo W, Yu L, Tang L, Wan Y, Lin Y. Recent Advances in Mechanistic Understanding of Metal-Free Carbon Thermocatalysis and Electrocatalysis with Model Molecules. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:125. [PMID: 38376726 PMCID: PMC10879078 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Metal-free carbon, as the most representative heterogeneous metal-free catalysts, have received considerable interests in electro- and thermo-catalytic reactions due to their impressive performance and sustainability. Over the past decade, well-designed carbon catalysts with tunable structures and heteroatom groups coupled with various characterization techniques have proposed numerous reaction mechanisms. However, active sites, key intermediate species, precise structure-activity relationships and dynamic evolution processes of carbon catalysts are still rife with controversies due to the monotony and limitation of used experimental methods. In this Review, we summarize the extensive efforts on model catalysts since the 2000s, particularly in the past decade, to overcome the influences of material and structure limitations in metal-free carbon catalysis. Using both nanomolecule model and bulk model, the real contribution of each alien species, defect and edge configuration to a series of fundamentally important reactions, such as thermocatalytic reactions, electrocatalytic reactions, were systematically studied. Combined with in situ techniques, isotope labeling and size control, the detailed reaction mechanisms, the precise 2D structure-activity relationships and the rate-determining steps were revealed at a molecular level. Furthermore, the outlook of model carbon catalysis has also been proposed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhui Yu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangming Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
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Gafurov M, Ganeeva Y, Yusupova T, Murzakhanov F, Mamin G. High-Field (3.4 T) Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, 1H Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance, ESEEM, HYSCORE, and Relaxation Studies of Asphaltene Solubility Fractions of Bitumen for Structural Characterization of Intrinsic Carbon-Centered Radicals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4218. [PMID: 36500841 PMCID: PMC9735579 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum asphaltenes are considered the most irritating components of various oil systems, complicating the extraction, transportation, and processing of hydrocarbons. Despite the fact that the paramagnetic properties of asphaltenes and their aggregates have been studied since the 1950s, there is still no clear understanding of the structure of stable paramagnetic centers in petroleum systems. The paper considers the possibilities of various electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques to study petroleum asphaltenes and their solubility fractions using a carbon-centered stable free radical (FR) as an intrinsic probe. The dilution of asphaltenes with deuterated toluene made it possible to refine the change in the structure at the initial stage of asphaltene disaggregation. From the measurements of samples of bitumen, a planar circumcoronene-like model of FR structure and FR-centered asphaltenes is proposed. The results show that EPR-based approaches can serve as sensitive numerical tools to follow asphaltenes' structure and their disaggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marat Gafurov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yulia Ganeeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzova Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana Yusupova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzova Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Fadis Murzakhanov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Georgy Mamin
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Costa JCS, Campos RM, Lima LMSS, da Silva MAVR, Santos LMNBF. On the Aromatic Stabilization of Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3696-3709. [PMID: 33890788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamic properties and band gap energies were evaluated for six ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): triphenylene; benzo[a]pyrene; benzo[e]pyrene; perylene; benzo[ghi]perylene; coronene. The standard molar enthalpies of formation in the crystalline state and the standard molar enthalpies of sublimation were measured by high precision combustion calorimetry and Knudsen effusion methodology, respectively. The combination of the molar enthalpies of formation in the crystalline state with the respective enthalpies of sublimation was used to evaluate the energetics of the progressive peri-fusion of the aromatic moieties from triphenylene to coronene aiming to investigate the hypothetical superaromaticity character of coronene. The linear trend of the enthalpy of formation in crystalline and gaseous phases in the series (from benzo[e]pyrene to coronene) is an irrefutable indication of a non-superaromaticity character of coronene. High accurate thermodynamic properties of sublimation (volatility, enthalpy, and entropy of sublimation) were derived by the measurement of vapor pressures as a function of temperature, using a Knudsen/quartz crystal effusion methodology. Furthermore, the π-electronic conjugation of these compounds was explored by evaluation of the optical band gaps along with this series of compounds. The morphology of perylene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and coronene thin films, deposited by physical vapor deposition onto transparent conductive oxide substrates (ITO and FTO), was used to analyze the nucleation and growth mechanisms. The morphologies observed were found to be related to the cohesive energy and entropy of the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C S Costa
- CIQUP, Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo M Campos
- CIQUP, Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís M S S Lima
- CIQUP, Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - M A V Ribeiro da Silva
- CIQUP, Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís M N B F Santos
- CIQUP, Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Yönder Ö, Schmitz G, Hättig C, Schmid R, Debiagi P, Hasse C, Locaspi A, Faravelli T. Can Small Polyaromatics Describe Their Larger Counterparts for Local Reactions? A Computational Study on the H-Abstraction Reaction by an H-Atom from Polyaromatics. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9626-9637. [PMID: 33147026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen abstraction is one of the crucial initial key steps in the combustion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. For an accurate theoretical prediction of heterogeneous combustion processes, larger systems need to be treated as compared to pure gas phase reactions. We address here the question on how transferable activation and reaction energies computed for small molecular models are to larger polyaromatics. The approximate transferability of energy contributions is a key assumption for multiscale modeling approaches. To identify efficient levels of accuracy, we start with accurate coupled-cluster and density functional theory (DFT) calculations for different sizes of polyaromatics. More approximate methods as the reactive force-field ReaxFF and the extended semi-empirical tight binding (xTB) methods are then benchmarked against these data sets in terms of reaction energies and equilibrium geometries. Furthermore, we analyze the role of bond-breaking and relaxation energies, vibrational contributions, and post-Hartree-Fock correlation corrections on the reaction, and for the activation energies, we analyze the validity of the Bell-Evans-Polanyi and Hammond principles. First, we find good transferability for this process and that the predictivity of small models at high theoretical levels is way superior than any approximate method can deliver. Second, ReaxFF can serve as a qualitative exploration method, whereas GFN2-xTB in combination with GFN1-xTB appears as a favorable tool to bridge between DFT and ReaxFF so that we propose a multimethod scheme with employing ReaxFF, GFN1/GFN2-xTB, DFT, and coupled cluster to cope effectively with such a complex reactive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Yönder
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schmitz
- Computational Materials Chemistry Group, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christof Hättig
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Rochus Schmid
- Computational Materials Chemistry Group, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Paulo Debiagi
- Simulation of Reactive Thermo-Fluid Systems (STFS), TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 2, 64827 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Hasse
- Simulation of Reactive Thermo-Fluid Systems (STFS), TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 2, 64827 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andrea Locaspi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziano Faravelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Jacobson RS, Korte AR, Vertes A, Miller JH. The Molecular Composition of Soot. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4484-4490. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle S. Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry George Washington University 800 22nd St, NW, Suite 4000 Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Andrew R. Korte
- Department of Chemistry George Washington University 800 22nd St, NW, Suite 4000 Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Akos Vertes
- Department of Chemistry George Washington University 800 22nd St, NW, Suite 4000 Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - J. Houston Miller
- Department of Chemistry George Washington University 800 22nd St, NW, Suite 4000 Washington DC 20052 USA
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Zhang Y, Liu P, Li Y, Zhan R, Huang Z, Lin H. Study on fluorescence spectroscopy of PAHs with different molecular structures using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurement and TD-DFT calculation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 224:117450. [PMID: 31422341 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is an effective technique for non-intrusive and on-line measurement of PAHs in sooting flames but it is still need further investigation due to the complexity of PAH fluorescence characteristics. Therefore, in-depth investigations on the fluorescence spectroscopy of PAHs with different molecular structures are relevant. In this study, we investigated the fluorescence spectrum characteristics of 13 gas-phase PAHs using LIF measurement and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculation. The experimental results showed that the fluorescence emission wavelengths increased with more aromatic (benzenoid) rings, but this relationship no longer existed when the PAH molecules contain the five-membered ring structures. The TD-DFT calculation showed that the fluorescence emission wavelength ranges of PAHs with different molecular structures were dominantly determined by the electronic structures of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and their energy gaps. It was found that the saturated aliphatic branched chains (methyl and ethyl) only slightly influenced the LIF spectra, while the unsaturated aliphatic branched chains (ethenyl and ethynyl) caused remarkable redshifts. The TD-DFT results indicated that the aliphatic branched chains changed the electric structures of HOMO and LUMO of the core aromatic rings, and then influence the fluorescence emission wavelength ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Liu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Clean Combustion Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youping Li
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Reggie Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - He Lin
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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8
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Reaction mechanism, rate constants, and product yields for the oxidation of embedded five-member ring radicals with atomic oxygen. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Menon A, Dreyer JAH, Martin JW, Akroyd J, Robertson J, Kraft M. Optical band gap of cross-linked, curved, and radical polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16240-16251. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of cross-linking, curvature, and radical character on the optical band gap of polyaromatic hydrocarbons has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angiras Menon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0AS
- UK
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES)
| | - Jochen A. H. Dreyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0AS
- UK
| | - Jacob W. Martin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0AS
- UK
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES)
| | - Jethro Akroyd
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0AS
- UK
| | - John Robertson
- Department of Engineering
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0FA
- UK
| | - Markus Kraft
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0AS
- UK
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES)
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10
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Krueger RA, Blanquart G. Predicting aromatic exciplex fluorescence emission energies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10325-10335. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of PAH exciplex TDDFT fluorescence energies shows a linear relationship between the mean monomer HOMO–LUMO gap and complex fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Krueger
- Department of Chemistry
- The California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
| | - Guillaume Blanquart
- Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering
- The California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
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11
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Koskin IP, Mostovich EA, Benassi E, Kazantsev MS. A quantitative topological descriptor for linear co-oligomer fusion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7235-7238. [PMID: 29900472 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03156h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A purely topological descriptor for the quantitative classification of fully or partially fused linear quasi-one dimensional centre-symmetric molecules is proposed. The index also makes it possible to quantitatively correlate optoelectronic properties with the molecular topology without involving an explicit calculation of the molecular electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor P Koskin
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lavrentieva 9, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation.
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