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Žmudová Z, Šanderová Z, Liegertová M, Vinopal S, Herma R, Sušický L, Müllerová M, Strašák T, Malý J. Biodistribution and toxicity assessment of methoxyphenyl phosphonium carbosilane dendrimers in 2D and 3D cell cultures of human cancer cells and zebrafish embryos. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15477. [PMID: 37726330 PMCID: PMC10509138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The consideration of human and environmental exposure to dendrimers, including cytotoxicity, acute toxicity, and cell and tissue accumulation, is essential due to their significant potential for various biomedical applications. This study aimed to evaluate the biodistribution and toxicity of a novel methoxyphenyl phosphonium carbosilane dendrimer, a potential mitochondria-targeting vector for cancer therapeutics, in 2D and 3D cancer cell cultures and zebrafish embryos. We assessed its cytotoxicity (via MTT, ATP, and Spheroid growth inhibition assays) and cellular biodistribution. The dendrimer cytotoxicity was higher in cancer cells, likely due to its specific targeting to the mitochondrial compartment. In vivo studies using zebrafish demonstrated dendrimer distribution within the vascular and gastrointestinal systems, indicating a biodistribution profile that may be beneficial for systemic therapeutic delivery strategies. The methoxyphenyl phosphonium carbosilane dendrimer shows promise for applications in cancer cell delivery, but additional studies are required to confirm these findings using alternative labelling methods and more physiologically relevant models. Our results contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the potential of carbosilane dendrimers as vectors for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Žmudová
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Šanderová
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Liegertová
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanislav Vinopal
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Regina Herma
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Sušický
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Müllerová
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Strašák
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malý
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
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Fernandes G, Pandey A, Kulkarni S, Mutalik SP, Nikam AN, Seetharam RN, Kulkarni SS, Mutalik S. Supramolecular dendrimers based novel platforms for effective oral delivery of therapeutic moieties. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Glucose-modified carbosilane dendrimers: Interaction with model membranes and human serum albumin. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119138. [PMID: 32061725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycodendrimers are a novel group of dendrimers (DDMs) characterized by surface modifications with various types of glycosides. It has been shown previously that such modifications significantly decrease the cytotoxicity of DDMs. Here, we present an investigation of glucose-modified carbosilane DDMs (first-third-generation, DDM1-3Glu) interactions with two models of biological structures: lipid membranes (liposomes) and serum protein (human serum albumin, HSA). The changes in lipid membrane fluidity with increasing concentration of DDMs was monitored by spectrofluorimetry and calorimetry methods. The influence of glycodendrimers on serum protein was investigated by monitoring changes in protein fluorescence intensity (fluorescence quenching) and as protein secondary structure alterations by circular dichroism spectrometry. Generally, all generations of DDMGlu induced a decrease of membrane fluidity and interacted weakly with HSA. Interestingly, in contrast to other dendritic type polymers, the extent of the DDM interaction with both biological models was not related to DDM generation. The most significant interaction with protein was shown in the case of DDM2Glu, whereas DDM1Glu induced the highest number of changes in membrane fluidity. In conclusion, our results suggest that the flexibility of a DDM molecule, as well as its typical structure (hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic surface) along with the formation of larger aggregates of DDM2-3Glu, significantly affect the type and extent of interaction with biological structures.
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Herma R, Wrobel D, Liegertová M, Müllerová M, Strašák T, Maly M, Semerádtová A, Štofik M, Appelhans D, Maly J. Carbosilane dendrimers with phosphonium terminal groups are low toxic non-viral transfection vectors for siRNA cell delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:51-65. [PMID: 30877030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery vectors studied in the gene therapy applications are often designed with the cationic nitrogen containing groups necessary for binding and cell release of nucleic acids. Disadvantage is a relatively high toxicity which restricts the in vivo use of such nanoparticles. Here we show, that the 3rd generation carbosilane dendrimers possessing (trimethyl)phosphonium (PMe3) groups on their periphery were able to effectively deliver the functional siRNA into the cells (B14, Cricetulus griseus), release it into the cytosol and finally to achieve up to 40% gene silencing of targeted gene (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)) with the comparable or, in some cases, even better effectivity as their ammonium counterparts. Moreover, such cationic dendrimers show relatively low in vivo toxicity as compared to their ammonium analogues when analyzed by standard fish embryo test (FET) on Danio rerio in vivo model, with LD50 = 6.26 µM after 48 h of incubation. This is more than 10-fold improvement as compared to published values for various other types of cationic dendrimers. We discuss the potential of further increase of the transfection efficiency, endosomal escape and decrease of toxicity of such non-viral vectors, based on the systematic screening of different types of substituents on central phosphonium atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Herma
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Wrobel
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Liegertová
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Müllerová
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Strašák
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Maly
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Semerádtová
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Štofik
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Maly
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
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Florendo M, Figacz A, Srinageshwar B, Sharma A, Swanson D, Dunbar GL, Rossignol J. Use of Polyamidoamine Dendrimers in Brain Diseases. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092238. [PMID: 30177605 PMCID: PMC6225146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are one of the smallest and most precise nanomolecules available today, which have promising applications for the treatment of brain diseases. Each aspect of the dendrimer (core, size or generation, size of cavities, and surface functional groups) can be precisely modulated to yield a variety of nanocarriers for delivery of drugs and genes to brain cells in vitro or in vivo. Two of the most important criteria to consider when using PAMAM dendrimers for neuroscience applications is their safety profile and their potential to be prepared in a reproducible manner. Based on these criteria, features of PAMAM dendrimers are described to help the neuroscience researcher to judiciously choose the right type of dendrimer and the appropriate method for loading the drug to form a safe and effective delivery system to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florendo
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Alexander Figacz
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Bhairavi Srinageshwar
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Ajit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Douglas Swanson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Gary L Dunbar
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Field Neurosciences Institute, St. Mary's of Michigan, Saginaw, MI 48604, USA.
| | - Julien Rossignol
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
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