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Al-Yassiri MAH. Tubular Magnetic Shielding Scan (TMSS): A New Technique for Molecular Space Exploration. (i) The Case of Aromaticity of Benzene and [ n]Paracyclophanes. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6614-6627. [PMID: 37501257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Both traditional and novel techniques were employed in this work for magnetic shielding evaluation to shed new light on the magnetic and aromaticity properties of benzene and 12 [n]paracyclophanes with n = 3-14. Density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional and all-electron Jorge-ATZP and x2c-TZVPPall-s basis sets was utilized for geometry optimization and magnetic shielding calculations, respectively. Additionally, the 6-311+G(d,p) basis set was incorporated for the purpose of comparing the magnetic shielding results. In addition to traditional evaluations such as NICS/NICSzz-Scan, and 2D-3D σiso(r)/σzz(r) maps, two new techniques were implemented: bendable grids (BGs) and cylindrical grids (CGs) of ghost atoms (Bqs). BGs allow for the recording of magnetic shielding from the bent ring levels of [n]pCPs, while CGs provide tubular magnetic shielding scan (TMSS) maps detailing the magnetic shielding from a cylindrical region above and below the ring frame. Our findings suggest that smaller [n]pCPs with n < 6 exhibit deviations in the magnetic shielding above and below the ring, indicating a broken electron delocalization under the ring. In contrast, larger [n]pCPs tend to behave similarly to benzene in terms of magnetic shielding. Moreover, we found that shorter polymethylene chains of [n]pCPs exhibit significantly higher magnetic shielding interactions with the ring. Both of the above techniques offer new and promising tools for characterizing nonplanar aromatic compounds, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of their magnetic and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntadar A H Al-Yassiri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadirya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq
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2
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Lingas R, Charistos ND, Muñoz-Castro A. Charge delocalization and aromaticity of doubly reduced double-walled carbon nanohoops. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37448229 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01994b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) exhibit selective host capabilities, featuring the ability to incorporate smaller CPPs to form double-walled host-guest complexes. Moreover, CPPs can also be stabilized by global aromaticity under twofold oxidation or reduction, involving electronic conjugation along with the overall structural backbone. Herein we explore the structural modifications, bonding, electron delocalization and magnetic properties of doubly reduced double-walled CPP complexes with DFT methods, in the isolated and aggregate [n + 5]CPP⊃[n]CPP2- (n = 5-8) species. Our results show that the hosts undergo structural, bonding and delocalization deformations towards quinoidal configurations and exhibit global long-ranged shielding cones similar to global aromatic free dianionic CPPs, accounting for charge delocalization on the outer nanohoops, whereas the guests preserve local aromatic benzenoid configurations, resulting in global and local aromatic circuits within the host-guest aggregate. This observation suggests that in multi-layered related species electronic delocalization will be retained at the outer structural surface. The aromaticity of the hosts is manifested in the strong upfield shifts of the guests 1H-NMR signals. Hence, CPP complexes can be extended to doubly reduced species stabilized by global host aromaticity expanding our understanding of doubled-walled nanotubes at the nanoscale regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lingas
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile.
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3
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Lingas R, Charistos ND, Muñoz-Castro A. Local and global aromaticity under rotation: analysis of two- and three-dimensional representative carbon nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14285-14293. [PMID: 37183443 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00569k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscaled 2D and 3D carbon structures with closed curved π-surfaces are of relevance in the development of desirable building units for materials science. Such species are able to sustain local and global aromatic circuits involving isolated regions or the overall structural backbone, respectively. Here we account for local and global aromaticity under rotation of representative two- and three-dimensional species involving para-connected and fused edge-sharing phenyl rings ([8]CPP, [10]CPP, CNB), and C60 fullerene at different charge states. Our results denote that nanoscaled 2D global aromatics mimic the behaviour of the most prototypical aromatic 6π-circuit, given by benzene, where the shielding cone properties vary along the rotation motion. In contrast, 3D spherical aromatics remain almost invariant under rotation, given the distinctive characteristics of such species, differing from 2D global aromatics. Dissection of orbital contributions reveals that π-orbitals are determinants for shifting from non-aromatic to spherical aromatic species. Under rotation, the variation of the anisotropic effect inherent to such nanoscaled structures is accounted for, which is relevant to rationalize variation in NMR signal shifts upon the formation of host-guest aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lingas
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile.
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4
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Olea Ulloa C, Muñoz-Castro A. Infinitene as two fused helicoidal trails of fused rings: evaluation of the magnetic behavior of [12]infinitene and anionic species displaying global aromaticity and antiaromaticity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8190-8197. [PMID: 36880673 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp06039f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The unique formation of an infinity-shaped carbon backbone made exclusively from fused benzene rings has recently been achieved. The structure of [12]infinitene can be viewed as two fused [6]helicene structures with a central crossover section, depicting a global aromatic behavior along with the overall structure, with deshielding regions along both helicoidal axes. In addition, the 13C-NMR characteristics are discussed. The formation of a cumulative region involving the shielding regions from the aromatic rings is depicted along with the overall aesthetically pleasant structural backbone, which is enhanced at the crossover section. For the evaluated dianionic counterpart, the structure shows a deshielding region above the fused-ring trail and a helicoidal shielding region, ascribed to a global antiaromatic counterpart. The aromaticity is recovered and enhanced at the tetranionic state. Thus, the neutral and tetranionic states are able to build up a long-ranged shielding region, given by the global aromatic behavior, with an enhanced shielding region at the center of the crossover section displaying π-π stacked rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Olea Ulloa
- Carrera de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile.
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5
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Macleod-Carey D, Muñoz-Castro A. Switch from local to global aromatic character in Möbius carbon nanobelts upon dioxidation. Evaluation of magnetic behavior in neutral and charged species. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4467-4471. [PMID: 36722854 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05326h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that recent Möbius carbon nanobelts (MCNBs) can be switched from a local to a global aromatic behavior upon dioxidation. Hence, large aromatic structures can be achieved by the choice of the charge states, giving rise to shielding cone characteristics extended within the overall structure at the nanoscale regime, pushing the limit of aromatic circuits to 198 π-electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Macleod-Carey
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Llano Subercaceaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile.
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6
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Karaush-Karmazin N, Baryshnikov G, Minaeva V, Panchenko O, Minaev B. IR, UV-Visible, NMR Spectra And Aromaticity Of The Covalent Organic TetraoxaCirculene Frameworks. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Kakarlamudi AC, Isukapalli SVK, Vennapusa SR. Revealing the vibronic coupling effects in the size-dependent optical properties of cycloparaphenylene dications. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2055505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sai Vamsi Krishna Isukapalli
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sivaranjana Reddy Vennapusa
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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8
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Macleod-Carey D, Muñoz-Castro A. Enabling dual aromaticity in fused nanobelts: evaluation of the magnetic behavior of fused [10]CPP units. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26701-26707. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03667c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cyclo-para-phenylene (CPP) nanobelt structures with curved π-surfaces are of relevance in the development of desirable building units for materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Macleod-Carey
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux, Santiago 2801, Chile
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile
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9
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Mauksch M, Tsogoeva SB. Disclosure of Ground-State Zimmerman-Möbius Aromaticity in the Radical Anion of [6]Helicene and Evidence for 4π Periodic Aromatic Ring Currents in a Molecular "Metallic" Möbius Strip. Chemistry 2021; 27:14660-14671. [PMID: 34375466 PMCID: PMC8596793 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In 1966, Zimmerman proposed a type of Möbius aromaticity that involves through-space electron delocalization; it has since been widely applied to explain reactivity in pericyclic reactions, but is considered to be limited to transition-state structures. Although the easily accessible hexahelicene radical anion has been known for more than half a century, it was overlooked that it exhibits a ground-state minimum and robust Zimmerman-Möbius aromaticity in its central noose-like opening, becoming, hence, the oldest existing Möbius aromatic system and with smallest Möbius cycle known. Despite its overall aromatic stabilization energy of 13.6 kcal mol-1 (at B3LYP/6-311+G**), the radical also features a strong, globally induced paramagnetic ring current along its outer edge. Exclusive global paramagnetic currents can also be found in other fully delocalized radical anions of 4N+2 π-electron aromatic polycyclic benzenoid hydrocarbons (PAH), thus questioning the established magnetic criterion of antiaromaticity. As an example of a PAH with nontrivial topology, we studied a novel Möbius[16]cyclacene that has a non-orientable surface manifold and a stable closed-shell singlet ground state at several density functional theory levels. Its metallic monoanion radical (0.0095 eV band gap at HSE06/6-31G* level) is also wave-function stable and displays an unusual 4π-periodic, magnetically induced ring current (reminiscent of the transformation behaviour of spinors under spatial rotation), thus indicating the existence of a new, Hückel-rule-evading type of aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mauksch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Computer Chemistry Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nägelsbachstrasse 25a, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebinger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Orozco-Ic M, Dimitrova M, Barroso J, Sundholm D, Merino G. Magnetically Induced Ring-Current Strengths of Planar and Nonplanar Molecules: New Insights from the Pseudo-π Model. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5753-5764. [PMID: 34161099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pseudo-π model yields current densities and induced magnetic fields that mimic the π-component, allowing investigations of large molecular structures, whether they are planar or not, at a low computational cost but with high accuracy. Herein the π-contribution to the magnetically induced current densities and induced magnetic fields of large planar molecules and nonplanar molecules (such as [10]cyclophenacene and chiral toroidal nanotubes C2016 and C2196) were computed using the pseudo-π model with the gauge-including magnetically induced currents method. Additionally, we provide a way to determine the π-component of the ring-current strengths, which can be used for assessing the aromatic character of large carbon molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesías Orozco-Ic
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yucatan, México
| | - Maria Dimitrova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorge Barroso
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yucatan, México
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yucatan, México
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11
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Lingas R, Charistos ND, Muñoz-Castro A. Aromaticity of ortho and meta 8-Cycloparaphenylene and Their Dications: Induced Magnetic Field Analysis with Localized and Delocalized Orbitals in Strained Nanohoops. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:741-751. [PMID: 33620136 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dications of cycloparaphenyles ([n]CPPs) are known to exhibit in-plane global aromaticity, contained in a nanobelt structure. Recently synthesized ortho and meta isomers of [n]CPPs break the radial symmetry of π structure incorporating perpendicular oriented π orbitals. Herein we set to explore the aromaticity of neutral and dicationic ortho and meta isomers of [8]CPP by dissecting the induced magnetic field to contributions of the twofold radial/perpendicular π system using delocalized canonical molecular orbitals (CMO), and introducing the natural localized molecular orbitals (NLMO) analysis with DFT methods. The dications sustain a reduced global aromatic character of the radial π system under a perpendicular orientation of the external field which declines from ortho to meta isomer and reinforces local aromaticity of ortho ring while it destroys aromaticity of meta ring. Aromaticity variations are determined by symmetry governed rotational excitations of frontier π orbitals. The parallel orientation reveals a substantial reduction of local aromaticity verified with NICSπ analysis and electron delocalization indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lingas
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux, 2801, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Chen D, Szczepanik DW, Zhu J, Muñoz-Castro A, Solà M. Aromaticity Survival in Hydrofullerenes: The Case of C 66 H 4 with Its π-Aromatic Circuits. Chemistry 2021; 27:802-808. [PMID: 33089913 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The isolated-pentagon rule (IPR) is a determining structural feature that accounts for hollow fullerene stabilization and properties related to Cn (n≥60) cages. The recent characterization of an unprecedented non-IPR hydrofullerene, C2v C66 H4 , bearing two heptagons with adjacent fused-pentagon motifs, largely dismisses this feature. Herein, employing DFT calculations, the 13 C NMR spectroscopy and aromatic behavior of C2v C66 H4 are explored. The results show the presence of three π-aromatic circuits at the bottom boat section of C66 H4 , indicating the unique features of this hydrofullerene in comparison to those of pristine C60 . In addition, under specific orientations of the external field, certain π-aromatic circuits are enabled, resulting in a more aromatic fullerene than that of C60 , but lower than that of the spherical aromatic C60 6- fulleride. Notably, under a field aligned with the saturated carbon atoms, nonaromatic characteristics are exposed. This reveals that spherical-like cages can involve a complex magnetic response that heavily depends on the orientation of the applied field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational, Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P.R. China.,Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of, Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of, Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,K. Guminski Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa, 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational, Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux, 2801, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of, Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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13
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Escayola S, Poater A, Muñoz-Castro A, Solà M. An unprecedented π-electronic circuit involving an odd number of carbon atoms in a grossly warped non-planar nanographene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3087-3090. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00593f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of π-aromatic circuits along a grossly warped nanographene, C80H30, containing five- and seven-membered rings inserted into a six-membered mesh, reveals global π-circuits at the edge of the backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Escayola
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- University of Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
| | - Albert Poater
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- University of Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares
- Facultad de Ingeniería
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile
- El Llano Subercaseaux 2801
- Chile
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- University of Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
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14
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Pérez‐Jiménez ÁJ, Sancho‐García JC. Theoretical Insights for Materials Properties of Cyclic Organic Nanorings. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Lan JH, Wang CZ, Wu QY, Chai ZF, Gibson JK, Shi WQ. Modification of a Carbon Nanobelt with Actinides Th–Am: A Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4900-4907. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Lan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cong-Zhi Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qun-Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - John K. Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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Pino‐Rios R, Cárdenas‐Jirón G, Ruiz L, Tiznado W. Interpreting Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity through Bifurcation Analysis of the Induced Magnetic Field. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:321-326. [PMID: 30906684 PMCID: PMC6414146 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In all molecules, a current density is induced when the molecule is subjected to an external magnetic field. In turn, this current density creates a particular magnetic field. In this work, the bifurcation value of the induced magnetic field is analyzed in a representative set of aromatic, non-aromatic and antiaromatic monocycles, as well as a set of polycyclic hydrocarbons. The results show that the bifurcation value of the ring-shaped domain adequately classifies the studied molecules according to their aromatic character. For aromatic and nonaromatic molecules, it is possible to analyze two ring-shaped domains, one diatropic (inside the molecular ring) and one paratropic (outside the molecular ring). Meanwhile, for antiaromatic rings, only a diatropic ring-shaped domain (outside the molecular ring) is possible to analyze, since the paratropic domain (inside the molecular ring) is irreducible with the maximum value (attractor) at the center of the molecular ring. In some of the studied cases, i. e., in heteroatomic species, bifurcation values do not follow aromaticity trends and present some inconsistencies in comparison to ring currents strengths, showing that this approximation provides only a qualitative estimation about (anti)aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pino‐Rios
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica, Facultad de Química y BiologíaUniversidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH)Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363Santiago, Estación Central, Región MetropolitanaChile
| | - Gloria Cárdenas‐Jirón
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica, Facultad de Química y BiologíaUniversidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH)Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363Santiago, Estación Central, Región MetropolitanaChile
| | - Lina Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - William Tiznado
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Computational and Theoretical Chemistry GroupUniversidad Andres Bello (UNAB)Av. República 275Santiago, Región MetropolitanaChile
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17
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Nekoei AR, Vatanparast M. π-Hydrogen bonding and aromaticity: a systematic interplay study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:623-630. [PMID: 30540313 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07003b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum DFT calculations, corrected for long-range interactions, have been carried out on complex models formed between HF as a proton donor and 2-methylene-2H-indene derivatives as proton acceptors. Using various exocyclic X substitutions, mutual effects of the aromaticity and the strength of the resulting π-hydrogen bond (after its evaluation by AIM methodology) have been investigated. The results show that the aromaticity of 6-membered rings and the hydrogen bond strength increase upon increasing the electron-donating character of the X-substituents. Based on some aromaticity indices (HOMA, FLU, SA and NICS(1)zz), it has been shown that the formation of a π-hydrogen bond causes an increase of aromaticity of the 6-membered ring. Also, the strength of the resulting π-hydrogen bond (with an energy of about 4.0 to 7.0 kcal mol-1) depends on the aromaticity of the 6-membered ring and increases with an increase in the aromaticity. In addition, a linear relationship was found between the most negative value of the molecular electrostatic potential (Vmin) and the HOMA, which confirms that the Vmin in the region of the studied ring could be used as a new index to estimate the amount of aromaticity. The electronic properties of the complexes have also been evaluated by means of the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), the atoms in molecules (AIM) and the natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Reza Nekoei
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71555-313, Iran.
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18
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Yamane M, Kishi R, Tonami T, Okada K, Nagami T, Kitagawa Y, Nakano M. Open-Shell Characters, Aromaticities and Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Carbon Nanobelts Composed of Five- and Six-Membered Rings. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yamane
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tonami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takanori Nagami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS); 38 Nishigo-Naka Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
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