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Cowie B, Mears KL, S’ari M, Lee JK, Briceno de Gutierrez M, Kalha C, Regoutz A, Shaffer MSP, Williams CK. Exploiting Organometallic Chemistry to Functionalize Small Cuprous Oxide Colloidal Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3816-3824. [PMID: 38301241 PMCID: PMC10870705 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The ligand chemistry of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals mediates their solubility, band gap, and surface facets. Here, selective organometallic chemistry is used to prepare small, colloidal cuprous oxide nanocrystals and to control their surface chemistry by decorating them with metal complexes. The strategy is demonstrated using small (3-6 nm) cuprous oxide (Cu2O) colloidal nanocrystals (NC), soluble in organic solvents. Organometallic complexes are coordinated by reacting the surface Cu-OH bonds with organometallic reagents, M(C6F5)2, M = Zn(II) and Co(II), at room temperature. These reactions do not disrupt the Cu2O crystallinity or nanoparticle size; rather, they allow for the selective coordination of a specific metal complex at the surface. Subsequently, the surface-coordinated organometallic complex is reacted with three different carboxylic acids to deliver Cu-O-Zn(O2CR') complexes. Selective nanocrystal surface functionalization is established using spectroscopy (IR, 19F NMR), thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM, EELS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photoluminescence efficiency increases dramatically upon organometallic surface functionalization relative to that of the parent Cu2O NC, with the effect being most pronounced for Zn(II) decoration. The nanocrystal surfaces are selectively functionalized by both organic ligands and well-defined organometallic complexes; this synthetic strategy may be applicable to many other metal oxides, hydroxides, and semiconductors. In the future, it should allow NC properties to be designed for applications including catalysis, sensing, electronics, and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley
E. Cowie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Kristian L. Mears
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Mark S’ari
- Johnson
Matthey, Johnson Matthey, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Ja Kyung Lee
- Johnson
Matthey, Johnson Matthey, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | | | - Curran Kalha
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Anna Regoutz
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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2
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Cowie BE, Häfele L, Phanopoulos A, Said SA, Lee JK, Regoutz A, Shaffer MSP, Williams CK. Matched Ligands for Small, Stable Colloidal Nanoparticles of Copper, Cuprous Oxide and Cuprous Sulfide. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300228. [PMID: 37078972 PMCID: PMC10947121 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
This work applies organometallic routes to copper(0/I) nanoparticles and describes how to match ligand chemistries with different material compositions. The syntheses involve reacting an organo-copper precursor, mesitylcopper(I) [CuMes]z (z=4, 5), at low temperatures and in organic solvents, with hydrogen, air or hydrogen sulfide to deliver Cu, Cu2 O or Cu2 S nanoparticles. Use of sub-stoichiometric quantities of protonated ligand (pro-ligand; 0.1-0.2 equivalents vs. [CuMes]z ) allows saturation of surface coordination sites but avoids excess pro-ligand contaminating the nanoparticle solutions. The pro-ligands are nonanoic acid (HO2 CR1 ), 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid (HO2 CR2 ) or di(thio)nonanoic acid, (HS2 CR1 ), and are matched to the metallic, oxide or sulfide nanoparticles. Ligand exchange reactions reveal that copper(0) nanoparticles may be coordinated by carboxylate or di(thio)carboxylate ligands, but Cu2 O is preferentially coordinated by carboxylate ligands and Cu2 S by di(thio)carboxylate ligands. This work highlights the opportunities for organometallic routes to well-defined nanoparticles and the need for appropriate ligand selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E. Cowie
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Lisa Häfele
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Andreas Phanopoulos
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Department of Chemistry, Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Said A. Said
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Ja Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Anna Regoutz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry, Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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Efficient Oxidation of Cyclohexane over Bulk Nickel Oxide under Mild Conditions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103145. [PMID: 35630625 PMCID: PMC9146248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel oxide powder was prepared by simple calcination of nickel nitrate hexahydrate at 500 °C for 5 h and used as a catalyst for the oxidation of cyclohexane to produce the cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol—KA oil. Molecular oxygen (O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), t-butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) and meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) were evaluated as oxidizing agents under different conditions. m-CPBA exhibited higher catalytic activity compared to other oxidants. Using 1.5 equivalent of m-CPBA as an oxygen donor agent for 24 h at 70 °C, in acetonitrile as a solvent, NiO powder showed exceptional catalytic activity for the oxidation of cyclohexane to produce KA oil. Compared to different catalytic systems reported in the literature, for the first time, about 85% of cyclohexane was converted to products, with 99% KA oil selectivity, including around 87% and 13% selectivity toward cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol, respectively. The reusability of NiO catalyst was also investigated. During four successive cycles, the conversion of cyclohexane and the selectivity toward cyclohexanone were decreased progressively to 63% and 60%, respectively, while the selectivity toward cyclohexanol was increased gradually to 40%.
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Staiger L, Kratky T, Günther S, Urstoeger A, Schuster M, Tomanek O, Zbořil R, Fischer RW, Fischer RA, Cokoja M. Nanometallurgy in solution: organometallic synthesis of intermetallic Pd-Ga colloids and their activity in semi-hydrogenation catalysis. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15038-15047. [PMID: 34533180 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04550d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) of Pd1--xGax (x = 0.67, 0.5, 0.33), stabilized in non-aqueous colloidal solution, were obtained via an organometallic approach under mild conditions using [Pd2(dvds)3] and GaCp* as all-hydrocarbon ligated metal-precursor compounds (dvds = 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-divinyl-disiloxane; Cp* = η5-C5Me5; Me = CH3). The reaction of the two precursors involves the formation of a library of molecular clusters [PdnGamCp*y(dvds)z], as shown by liquid injection field desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LIFDI-MS). Full characterization of the catalytic system (HR-TEM, EDX, DLS, PXRD, XPS, NMR, IR, Raman) confirmed the formation of ultra-small, spherical NPs with narrow size distributions ranging from 1.2 ± 0.2 nm to 2.1 ± 0.4 nm (depending on the Pd : Ga ratio). The catalytic performance of the Pd1--xGax NPs in the semi-hydrogenation of terminal and internal alkynes and the influence of the gallium content on product selectivity were investigated. The highest activities (65%) and selectivities (81%) are achieved using colloids with a "stoichiometric" Pd/Ga ratio of 1 : 1 at 0 °C and 2.0 bar H2 pressure. While lower Ga ratios lead to an increase in activity, higher Ga contents increase the olefin selectivity but are detrimental to the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Staiger
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Tim Kratky
- Chair of Physical Chemistry with Focus on Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Chair of Physical Chemistry with Focus on Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Alexander Urstoeger
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Michael Schuster
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Ondrej Tomanek
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Roland A Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Mirza Cokoja
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
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Kloda M, Ondrušová S, Lang K, Demel J. Phosphinic acids as building units in materials chemistry. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Deerattrakul V, Chukchuan A, Thepphankulngarm N, Pornjaturawit J, Vacharameteevoranun N, Chaisuwan T, Kongkachuichay P. Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol over polybenzoxazine-based mesocarbon supported Cu–Zn catalyst. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01475g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Direct methanol production over Cu–Zn/polybenzoxazine-based mesocarbon catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varisara Deerattrakul
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- and Research Network of NANOTEC-KU on NanoCatalysts and NanoMaterials Sustainable Energy and Environment
- Kasetsart University
- Bangkok 10900
| | - Anurak Chukchuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- and Research Network of NANOTEC-KU on NanoCatalysts and NanoMaterials Sustainable Energy and Environment
- Kasetsart University
- Bangkok 10900
| | - Nattanida Thepphankulngarm
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- and Research Network of NANOTEC-KU on NanoCatalysts and NanoMaterials Sustainable Energy and Environment
- Kasetsart University
- Bangkok 10900
| | - Jirayu Pornjaturawit
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- and Research Network of NANOTEC-KU on NanoCatalysts and NanoMaterials Sustainable Energy and Environment
- Kasetsart University
- Bangkok 10900
| | - Napas Vacharameteevoranun
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- and Research Network of NANOTEC-KU on NanoCatalysts and NanoMaterials Sustainable Energy and Environment
- Kasetsart University
- Bangkok 10900
| | - Thanyalak Chaisuwan
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology
| | - Paisan Kongkachuichay
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- and Research Network of NANOTEC-KU on NanoCatalysts and NanoMaterials Sustainable Energy and Environment
- Kasetsart University
- Bangkok 10900
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7
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Staiger L, Kratky T, Günther S, Tomanek O, Zbořil R, Fischer RW, Fischer RA, Cokoja M. Steric and Electronic Effects of Phosphane Additives on the Catalytic Performance of Colloidal Palladium Nanoparticles in the Semi‐Hydrogenation of Alkynes. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Staiger
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 85747 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Tim Kratky
- Chair of Physical Chemistry with Focus on Catalysis Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 85747 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Chair of Physical Chemistry with Focus on Catalysis Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 85747 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Ondrej Tomanek
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials RCPTM Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials RCPTM Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Richard W. Fischer
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH Waldheimer Straße 15 83052 Bruckmühl Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 85747 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Mirza Cokoja
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 85747 Garching b. München Germany
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8
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Zhong J, Yang X, Wu Z, Liang B, Huang Y, Zhang T. State of the art and perspectives in heterogeneous catalysis of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1385-1413. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing amount of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has resulted in great environmental impacts, the heterogeneous catalysis of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol is of great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Zhilian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Binglian Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Yanqiang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
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Zhang G, Amoo CC, Li M, Wang J, Lu C, Lu P, Xing C, Gao X, Yang R, Tsubaki N. Rational design of syngas to isoparaffins reaction route over additive dehydrogenation catalyst in a triple-bed system. CATAL COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2019.105799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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10
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Garden JA, Pike SD. Hydrolysis of organometallic and metal–amide precursors: synthesis routes to oxo-bridged heterometallic complexes, metal-oxo clusters and metal oxide nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3638-3662. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00017d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic and metal amide reagents react with –OH groups to generate metal–oxygen connectivity, yielding metal-oxo heterobimetallics, clusters and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Garden
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3FJ
- UK
| | - S. D. Pike
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
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