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Zhu R, Zhu S, Zhang S, Liu Y, Liu G, Gou R, Yang B. Initial Decomposition Mechanism of NH 3OH +N 5- Crystal under Thermal and Shock Loading: A First-Principles Study. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2121-2129. [PMID: 38452368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
NH3OH+N5- is a novel energetic material (EM) which has attracted much interest for its promising performances, including high energy density, high density, low sensitivity, and low toxicity. In this study, the initial decomposition mechanism of NH3OH+N5- crystal was investigated under thermal and shock loading by molecular dynamics simulation. First, programmed heating and constant temperature simulations were carried out by molecular dynamics simulation on the basis of density functional theory (DFT-MD). Results indicated that the initial decomposition reactions of NH3OH+N5- could be described by three reactions: proton transfer, ring-opening reaction, and cation decomposition and recombination, and three pathways of ring-opening reaction were found, including the ring-opening of N5-, HN5, and H2N6. The first two reactions are the main pathways that produce N2 molecules. Furthermore, we carried out DFT-MD simulations to study the shock decomposition behaviors of NH3OH+N5-, and three initial steps were proposed: N5-, HN5, and N6 ring-opening. The fewer N5- and HN5 ring-opening reactions were found during the shock simulation, accompanied by a significant change in the N5- bond angle. What's more, the transition states of decomposition reactions were investigated through quantum chemical calculations. The results revealed that the proton transfer reaction exhibits lower activation barriers compared to ring-opening reactions, and proton transfer would accelerate ring-opening reactions. In addition, the ring-opening reaction is the main energy-releasing reaction in the early stages of the decomposition. This work could promote the comprehension of the decomposition mechanism and energy release regularity of N5- ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, PR China
| | - Shuangfei Zhu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, PR China
| | - Shuhai Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, PR China
| | - Guangrui Liu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, PR China
| | - Ruijun Gou
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, PR China
| | - Boqian Yang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, PR China
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2
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Cao Y, Liu Y, Zhang W. Pentazolate Anion: A Rare and Preferred Five-Membered Ligand for Constructing Pentasil-Zeolite Topology Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317355. [PMID: 38165698 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
As the fourth full-nitrogen structure, the pentazolate anion (cyclo-N5 - ) was highly coveted for decades. In 2017, the first air-stable non-metal pentazolate salt, (N5 )6 (H3 O)3 (NH4 )4 Cl, was obtained, representing a milestone in this field. As the latest member of the azole family, cyclo-N5 - is comprised of five nitrogen atoms. Although significant attention has been paid to the potential of cyclo-N5 - as an energetic material, its poor thermostability hinders any practical application. However, the unique ring structure and multiple coordination capability of cyclo-N5 - provide a platform for the fabrication of various structures, among which pentasil-zeolite topologies are the most intriguing. In addition, the introduction of structure-directing auxiliaries enables the self-assembly of diverse topological architectures, potentially imparting cyclo-N5 - with the potential to impact wide-ranging areas of coordination chemistry and topology. In this minireview, different pentasil-zeolite topologies based on metal-pentazolate frameworks are evaluated. To date, three zeolitic and zeolite-like topologies have been reported, namely the melanophlogite (MEP), chibaite (MTN), and unj topologies. The MEP topology consists of two nanocages, Na20 N60 and Na24 N60 , whereas the MTN topology contains Na20 N60 and Na28 N80 nanocages. Furthermore, the unj topology features multiple homochiral channels consisting of two helical chains. Various possible strategies for obtaining additional pentasil-zeolite topologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuteng Cao
- Institute of Chemical Materials (ICM), China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials (ICM), China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Wenquan Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials (ICM), China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, 621900, China
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3
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Miao X, Yang X, Li Y, Pang S. Thermal stability of azole-rich energetic compounds: their structure, density, enthalpy of formation and energetic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37409442 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Energetic compounds, as a type of special material, are widely used in the fields of national defense, aerospace and exploration. Their research and production have received growing attention. Thermal stability is a crucial factor for the safety of energetic materials. Azole-rich energetic compounds have emerged as a research hotspot in recent years owing to their excellent properties. Due to the aromaticity of unsaturated azoles, many azole-rich energetic compounds have significant thermal stability, which is one of the properties that researchers focus on. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the physicochemical and energetic properties of various energetic materials, highlighting the relationship between thermal stability and the structural, physicochemical, and energetic properties of azole-rich energetic compounds. To improve the thermal stability of compounds, five aspects can be considered, including functional group modification, bridging, preparation of energetic salts, energetic metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs) and co-crystals. It was demonstrated that increasing the strength and number of hydrogen bonds of azoles and expanding the π-π stacking area are the key factors to improve thermal stability, which provides a valuable way to develop energetic materials with higher energy and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Miao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xinbo Yang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuchuan Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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4
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Liu Y, Yi P, Gong L, Yi X, He P, Wang T, Zhang J. Three-Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks as Super Heat-Resistant Explosives: Potassium 4,4'-Oxybis[3,3'-(5-tetrazol)]furazan and Potassium (1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)tetrazole. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3186-3194. [PMID: 36757804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Heat-resistant explosives play an irreplaceable role in specialized applications. Two energetic metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs), potassium 4,4'-oxybis[3,3'-(5-tetrazol)]furazan and potassium (1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)tetrazole, featuring a three-dimensional metal-organic framework structure, were first synthesized and characterized by chemical (1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal XRD) and physicochemical analyses (sensitivity toward friction, impact, electrostatic, and DSC-TGA test). The new 3D EMOFs were found to show high thermostability, highly positive heat of formation, and suitable sensitivities. The Hirshfeld surface was further analyzed in order to explore the effect on sensitivities. Their detonation properties (detonation velocity, detonation pressure, etc.) were calculated by the EXPLO5 program. K2NTT exhibits extremely high decomposition temperatures of up to 361 °C; meanwhile, its detonation performance is comparable to that of TATB and other energetic potassium salts, which makes it a promising heat-resistant explosive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lishan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Piao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Tingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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5
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Singh J, Chinnam AK, Staples RJ, Shreeve JM. Energetic Salts of Sensitive N,N'-(3,5-Dinitropyrazine-2,6-diyl)dinitramide Stabilized through Three-Dimensional Intermolecular Interactions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16493-16500. [PMID: 36194387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-nitration of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine (ANPZ) leads to a sensitive energetic compound N,N'-(3,5-dinitropyrazine-2,6-diyl)dinitramide. This nitro(nitroamino) compound was stabilized by synthesizing energetic salts, dipotassium (3,5-dinitropyrazine-2,6-diyl)bis(nitroamide) (3) and diammonium (3,5-dinitropyrazine-2,6-diyl)bis(nitroamide) (4). Compounds 3 and 4 are fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 3 exhibits a three-dimensional energetic metal-organic framework (3D EMOF) structure and an outstanding overall performance by combining high experimental density (2.10 g cm-3), good thermal stability (Td(onset) = 220 °C), and good calculated performance of detonation (D = 8300 m s-1, P = 29.9 GPa). Compound 4 has acceptable thermal stability (155 °C), moderate experimental density (1.73 g cm-3), and good calculated performance of detonation (D = 8624 m s-1, P = 30.8 GPa). The sensitivities of compounds 3 and 4 toward impact and friction were determined following standard methods (BAM). The energetic character of compounds 3 and 4 was determined using red-hot needle and heated plate tests. The results highlight a 3D EMOF (3) based on a six-membered heterocycle as a potential energetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Ajay Kumar Chinnam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Richard J Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jean'ne M Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
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6
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Luo L, Hao W, Guo Z, Huang T, Liu Q, Deng H, Peng R, Jin B. Controllable Structural Modulation: Assembling Variable Dimension Energetic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Free Protons. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16248-16255. [PMID: 36179063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we provide an efficient strategy for constructing three-dimensional (3D) energetic coordination polymers (ECPs), namely, metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs), avoiding solvent coordination without changing the organic ligands or metal nodes. Three ECPs with the same ligand and metal center, namely, two-dimensional (2D) layer ECP [Pb(HOBTT)(H2O)2]n (1), 3D solvent-free EMOFs [Pb(HOBTT)]n (2), and dense [Pb3(OBTT)2]n (3) (H3OBTT = 4,5-bis(1-hydroxytetrazol-5-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole), were rationally designed and synthesized via free protons. As expected, the theoretical density of 3 (4.080 g·cm-3) is greater than those of 2 (3.299 g·cm-3) and 1 (3.055 g·cm-3). Thermal stabilities indicate that their decomposition temperature exceeds 300 °C. Theoretical calculations show that the detonation performance of 3 is better than that of 1 and 2. The detonation performance of 1-3 was further proven by laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhicheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Quancheng Liu
- School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621010, China
| | - Hu Deng
- School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621010, China
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621010, Sichuan, China
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7
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Dong WS, Cao WL, Tariq QUN, Wu XW, Hu Y, Zhang C, Zhang JG. Energetic bimetallic complexes as catalysts affect the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9894-9904. [PMID: 35722662 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00593j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two bimetallic complexes of 4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole, [K2Mn(DNPO)2(H2O)4]n·2H2O (BMEP-1) and [K2Zn(DNPO)2(H2O)6]n (BMEP-2), were synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of BMEP-1 and BMEP-2 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It is noteworthy that these complexes presented different metal-organic frameworks. The thermal behaviors of BMEP-1 and BMEP-2 were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis measurements. These bimetallic complexes exhibited high thermal stability (348.0 °C and 331.0 °C) due to their large coordination bonds and three-dimensional interconnected structure. The catalytic performances of BMEP-1 and BMEP-2 on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate were investigated by TGA-DSC, TGA-FTIR, and non-isothermal kinetic analyses. The results showed that BMEP-1 and BMEP-2 exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Notably, there was only a single exothermic peak at 302.6 °C and 318.6 °C, and the activation energy values of ammonium perchlorate decreased to 123.88 kJ mol-1 and 128.43 kJ mol-1, respectively. TGA-FTIR results showed that BMEP-1 and BMEP-2, as effective components of catalysis, will promote the production of H2O, N2O, NO2, and HCl in advance, during the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. BMEP-1 and BMEP-2 are expected to be two candidate additives for the catalytic decomposition of ammonium perchlorate in composite solid propellants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shuai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Li Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Qamar-Un-Nisa Tariq
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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8
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Lang Q, Jiang S, Xu Y, Lu M. Theoretical study on N‐oxide pentazolate high‐energy‐density materials: Toward excellent energetic performance and good stability. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Shuaijie Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
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9
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Li X, Long Y, Zhang C, Sun C, Hu B, Lu P, Chen J. Hydrogen Bond and π-π Stacking Interaction: Stabilization Mechanism of Two Metal Cyclo-N 5 --Containing Energetic Materials. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6627-6639. [PMID: 35252658 PMCID: PMC8892846 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cyclo-N5 - has attracted extensive attention because all-nitrogen high-energy-density materials (HEDMs) have been expected to reach a TNT equivalent of over 3.0. However, for cyclo-N5 --containing HEDMs, the stabilization mechanism has remained enigmatic. In this study, two typical cyclo-N5 --containing metal hydrates, [Na(H2O)(N5)]·2H2O (Na-cyclo-N5 -) and [Mg(H2O)6(N5)2]·4H2O (Mg-cyclo-N5 -), are selected to gain insights into the factors affecting their stability by the first-principles method. Both binding/lattice energy calculations and density of states analysis show that Mg-cyclo-N5 - is more stable than Na-cyclo-N5 -. Hydrogen bonding is the main stabilization mechanism for stabilizing crystals and cyclo-N5 -. Two types of hydrogen bonds, O-H···O and O-H···N, are clarified, which construct a 3D hydrogen bond network in Mg-cyclo-N5 - and an intralayer 2D hydrogen bond network in Na-cyclo-N5 -. Moreover, nonuniform stress causes distortion of cyclo-N5 -. Comparing the two samples, the distortion degree of cyclo-N5 - is higher in Na-cyclo-N5 -, which indicates that cyclo-N5 - decomposition is easier. These findings will enhance the future prospects for the design and synthesis of cyclo-N5 --containing HEDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School
of Science, Beijing University of Posts
and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,
Ministry of Education, Beijing University
of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
- Beijing
Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yao Long
- Beijing
Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University
of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Chengguo Sun
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Science
and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, China
| | - Bingcheng Hu
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University
of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,
Ministry of Education, Beijing University
of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Beijing
Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
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10
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Chen S, Yang C, Sun C, Zhang C, Gao C, Du Y, Hu B. Synthesis and characterization of the layered insensitive pentazolate salts based on two triazolium isomers. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Li X, Long Y, Zhang C, Sun C, Hu B, Lu P, Chen J. Symmetrical cyclo-N 5- hydrogen bonds: stabilization mechanism of four non-metallic cyclo-pentazolate energetic salts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3970-3983. [PMID: 35099481 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05340j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pairing different cations (R+) to stabilize cyclo-N5- is the main synthesis path for non-metallic cyclo-pentazolate (cyclo-N5-) salts. As novel energetic materials (EMs), crystalline packing-force of cyclo-N5- salts has been a puzzle, and whether cyclo-N5- is protonated also is a controversial issue. In this paper, four non-metallic cyclo-N5- salts, PHAC, N2H5N5, NH3OHN5, and NH4N5, are quantitatively studied by coupling first-principle method and bond-strength analyzing technology. Different from the traditional CHON-EMs (molecular crystal) and azide-EMs (ionic crystal), the four salts are stabilized by 3D hydrogen bond (HB) networks. One new type of hydrogen bond, protonated HB (p-H, R-H⋯N5-), is discovered to be a key stabilizing factor for cyclo-N5-. Proton competition mechanism between R and cyclo-N5- in p-H HB showed that cyclo-N5- cannot be protonated into HN5. In general, p-H HB can be adopted to estimate the stability of novel non-metallic cyclo-N5- EMs. Such findings have great significance for future design and performance prediction of novel cyclo-N5- EMs in both theoretical and experimental aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China. .,Beijing Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Yao Long
- Beijing Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Chengguo Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Bingcheng Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Beijing Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China.
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12
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Yuan Y, Xu Y, Xie Q, Li D, Lin Q, Wang P, Lu M. Pentazolate coordination polymers self-assembled by in situ generated [Pb 4(OH) 4] 4+ cubic cations trapping cyclo-N 5−. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5801-5809. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04392g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyclo-N5−-based lead-containing energetic coordination polymers [Pb(OH)]4(N5)4 (1), [Pb3(N5)3(H2O)9(NO3)]4(N5)8(H2O)5 (2), [Pb(OH)]4(N5)3(NO3)(H2O)3 (3), and [Pb(OH)]4(N5)3(ClO4)(H2O) (4) were synthesized by self-assembly and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction,...
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13
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Zhao L, Liu S, Chen Y, Yi W, Khodagholian D, Gu F, Kelson E, Zheng Y, Liu B, Miao MS. A novel all-nitrogen molecular crystal N16 as a promising high-energy density material. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9369-9376. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00820c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
All-nitrogen solids, if successfully synthesized, are ideal high energy density materials because they store a great amount of energy and produce only harmless N2 gas upon decomposition. Currently, the only...
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14
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Xu Y, Xu Z, Zhang X, Hou T, Lu M. [Na4(N5)4(H2O)2]•H2O•2MeOH: a honeycomb-like sodium-pentazolate-framework with helical chains. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00713d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new NaN5 framework [Na4(N5)4(H2O)2]•H2O•2MeOH was synthesized by changing the content of auxiliary ligand. It features an UNJ-type zeolite topology with double right-handed helix chains construct enclosed channels filled with...
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15
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Cho S, Kim Y, Lee S, Cho H, Park J, Hwan Hong D, Kwon K, Yoo H, Choe W, Ri Moon H. Tetrazole‐Based Energetic Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Impacts of Metals and Ligands on Explosive Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujee Cho
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjin Kim
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Soochan Lee
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonsoo Cho
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Park
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hwan Hong
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Kuktae Kwon
- The 1th R&D Institute – 2nd Directorate Agency for Defense Development (ADD) Bugyuseong-daero 488beon-gil, Uichang-gu Daejeon 34186 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae‐Wook Yoo
- The 1th R&D Institute – 2nd Directorate Agency for Defense Development (ADD) Bugyuseong-daero 488beon-gil, Uichang-gu Daejeon 34186 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Choe
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi Ri Moon
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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16
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Zybin SV, Morozov SI, Prakash P, Zdilla MJ, Goddard WA. Reaction Mechanism and Energetics of Decomposition of Tetrakis(1,3-dimethyltetrazol-5-imidoperchloratomanganese(II)) from Quantum-Mechanics-based Reactive Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16960-16975. [PMID: 34623813 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Energetic materials (EMs) are central to construction, space exploration, and defense, but over the past 100 years, their capabilities have improved only minimally as they approach the CHNO energetic ceiling, the maximum energy density possible for EMs based on molecular carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-oxygen compounds. To breach this ceiling, we experimentally explored redox-frustrated hybrid energetic materials (RFH EMs) in which metal atoms covalently connect a strongly reducing fuel ligand (e.g., tetrazole) to a strong oxidizer (e.g., ClO4). In this Article, we examine the reaction mechanisms involved in the thermal decomposition of an RFH EM, [Mn(Me2TzN)(ClO4]4 (3, Tz = tetrazole). We use quantum-mechanical molecular reaction dynamics simulations to uncover the atomistic reaction mechanisms underlying this decomposition. We discover a novel initiation mechanism involving oxygen atom transfer from perchlorate to manganese, generating energy that promotes the fission of tetrazole into chemically stable species such as diazomethane, diazenes, triazenes, and methyl azides, which further undergo exothermic decomposition to finally form stable N2, H2O, CO, CO2, Mn-based clusters, and additional incompletely combusted products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Zybin
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sergey I Morozov
- Department of Physics of Nanoscale Systems, South Ural State University, 76 Lenin Prospekt, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Prabhat Prakash
- Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India.,Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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17
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Yang ZL, Wu YM, He P, Cao WL, Manzoor S, Zhang JG. Synthesis and characterization of promising insensitive energetic salts based on 3-amino-5-hydrazinopyrazole. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7456-7463. [PMID: 33970177 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00527h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of green energetic materials is based on environmental friendliness, safety and performance improvement. It is of great significance to design and synthesize new nitrogen rich salts for a new generation of green energetic materials. In the present work, a series of 3-amino-5-hydrazinopyrazole energetic salts comprising energetic anions were synthesized and were characterized using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compounds 1-5 were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction and the sensitivities were measured by the standard BAM methods. Additionally, the structure-property relationship was elucidated from the experimental results and theoretical calculations. Energetic salts of 2 and 5 exhibited high heat of formation (5, 1160.06 kJ mol-1), high decomposition temperature (2, 172 °C; 5, 186 °C), excellent detonation performance (2, Dv, 9076 m s-1, P 34.1 GPa; 5, Dv, 8974 m s-1, P 31.9 GPa), moderate sensitivity towards outer stimuli and high nitrogen contents (2, 41.03%; 5, 63.84%). This work increases future prospects for the design of insensitive and novel high-energy green energetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Mei Wu
- China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team, Beijing 100040, P. R. China
| | - Piao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Li Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Saira Manzoor
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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18
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Jiao F, Zhang C, Xie W. Energy density of high-pressure nitrogen-rich MN x compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7313-7320. [PMID: 33876091 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00527h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, a large number of nitrogen-rich MNx compounds have been discovered under high-pressure conditions. In this work, we have evaluated the energy densities of MNx structures with thermodynamic and dynamical stability through first-principles calculations. The results show that the energy densities of MNx consisting of alkali metals and cyclo-N5- are less than ∼0.5 TNT equivalence, whereas the group-III metal nitrides have high-energy density regardless of the type of nitrogen oligomers in the structures. To clarify the energy density difference for MNx composed of different impurities, bivariate Pearson correlation analysis is performed, which reveals that the high-energy density of MNx is related to the large N density, small M atomic radius, short M-N bond length, small MNx ionicity, long N-N bond length and large M formal oxidation state. According to this correlation, H, Be, B, Al, Si and P elements have been proposed as the candidate impurities to synthesize high-energy density MNx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbao Jiao
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P. O. Box 919-311, Mianyang, Sichuan 621999, China.
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19
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Wang X, Dong Z, Yang R, Zhou S, Ye Z. Syntheses and Characterization of two cyclo‐pentazolate salts. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xieyang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P. R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P. R. China
| | - Shengren Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P. R. China
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20
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Yao Y, Lin Q, Zhou X, Lu M. Recent research on the synthesis pentazolate anion cyclo-N5−. FIREPHYSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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21
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Xia H, Zhang W, Cao Y, Zhang Q. Recent advances in synthesis and crystal structures of metal pentazolate salts. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00635e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pentazole is a good nitrogen-donor ligand to prepare intriguing structures. Herein, the synthesis and crystal structures of all reported metal pentazolate salts were summarized and the future prospects in this field were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Xia
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Sichuan, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Wenquan Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Sichuan, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yuteng Cao
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Sichuan, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Sichuan, Mianyang 621900, China
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22
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Bykov M, Bykova E, Chariton S, Prakapenka VB, Batyrev IG, Mahmood MF, Goncharov AF. Stabilization of pentazolate anions in the high-pressure compounds Na 2N 5 and NaN 5 and in the sodium pentazolate framework NaN 5·N 2. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7229-7237. [PMID: 33913993 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00722j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-rich materials is important for the design of novel high energy density materials due to extremely energetic low-order nitrogen-nitrogen bonds. The balance between the energy output and stability may be achieved if polynitrogen units are stabilized by resonance as in cyclo-N5- pentazolate salts. Here we demonstrate the synthesis of three oxygen-free pentazolate salts Na2N5, NaN5 and NaN5·N2 from sodium azide NaN3 and molecular nitrogen N2 at ∼50 GPa. NaN5·N2 is a metal-pentazolate framework (MPF) obtained via a self-templated synthesis method with nitrogen molecules being incorporated into the nanochannels of the MPF. Such self-assembled MPFs may be common in a variety of ionic pentazolate compounds. The formation of Na2N5 demonstrates that the cyclo-N5 group can accommodate more than one electron and indicates the great accessible compositional diversity of pentazolate salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Bykov
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA. and The Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Elena Bykova
- The Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Stella Chariton
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Lemont, IL 60437, USA
| | - Vitali B Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Lemont, IL 60437, USA
| | - Iskander G Batyrev
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, RDRL-WML-B, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - Mohammad F Mahmood
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Alexander F Goncharov
- The Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
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23
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Yi W, Jiang X, Yang T, Yang B, Liu Z, Liu X. Crystalline Structures and Energetic Properties of Lithium Pentazolate under Ambient Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24946-24953. [PMID: 33015514 PMCID: PMC7528499 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been reported that high-pressure synthesized lithium pentazolates could be quenched down to ambient conditions. However, the crystalline structures of LiN5 under ambient conditions are still ambiguous. In this work, the structures of LiN5 compound were directly explored at atmospheric pressure by using a new constrain structure search method. By using this method, three new allotropes were confirmed, and they show lower energy than the previous reported LiN5 phases. Both their thermodynamic and dynamic stability were confirmed through formation enthalpies, phonon spectrum, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations under ambient conditions. Moreover, these three allotropes show similar formation enthalpies and properties, which suggests that it is hard to obtain a single LiN5 phase, which is well consistent with the experimental phenomenon. Furthermore, because of their low formation energy, all of them possess low energy density when they directly decompose to Li3N and nitrogen (0.52 kJ/g). Instead, the decomposed energy could be further improved to 3.78 kJ/g when they decompose under an oxygen-rich environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Yi
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xingang Jiang
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Tao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Bingchao Yang
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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24
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O'Sullivan OT, Zdilla MJ. Properties and Promise of Catenated Nitrogen Systems As High-Energy-Density Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5682-5744. [PMID: 32543838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The properties of catenated nitrogen molecules, molecules containing internal chains of bonded nitrogen atoms, is of fundamental scientific interest in chemical structure and bonding, as nitrogen is uniquely situated in the periodic table to form kinetically stable compounds often with chemically stable N-N bonds but which are thermodynamically unstable in that the formation of stable multiply bonded N2 is usually thermodynamically preferable. This unique placement in the periodic table makes catenated nitrogen compounds of interest for development of high-energy-density materials, including explosives for defense and construction purposes, as well as propellants for missile propulsion and for space exploration. This review, designed for a chemical audience, describes foundational subjects, methods, and metrics relevant to the energetic materials community and provides an overview of important classes of catenated nitrogen compounds ranging from theoretical investigation of hypothetical molecules to the practical application of real-world energetic materials. The review is intended to provide detailed chemical insight into the synthesis and decomposition of such materials as well as foundational knowledge of energetic science new to most chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen T O'Sullivan
- ASEE Fellow, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division (NSWC IHD), 4005 Indian Head Hwy, Indian Head, Maryland 20640, United States
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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25
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Yi W, Zhao K, Wang Z, Yang B, Liu Z, Liu X. Stabilization of the High-Energy-Density CuN 5 Salts under Ambient Conditions by a Ligand Effect. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6221-6227. [PMID: 32226908 PMCID: PMC7097991 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of excellent works have demonstrated that high-nitrogen-content metal pentazolate (cyclo-N5 -) compounds could be stabilized by high pressure. However, under ambient conditions, low stability precludes their synthesis and application in the field of high-energy-density material. In this work, by using a constrained structure search method, we predicted two new structures as P212121-CuN5 and P21/c-CuN5 containing cyclo-N5 - with strong N-N and Cu-N bonds. In both structures, cyclo-N5 - form four coordination with the Cu+ ligand, which increases the structural stability by lowering the disturbance to the aromaticity of cyclo-N5 -. The calculated results show that the P212121-CuN5 and P21/c-CuN5 structures exhibit high dynamic and thermal stability up to 400 K, indicating that they can be stabilized under ambient conditions. The decomposing energy of P212121-CuN5 and P21/c-CuN5 can reach up to 2.40 and 2.42 kJ/g, respectively. Strikingly, the detonation velocity and the pressure of P212121-CuN5 is predicted to be up to 10.42 km/s and 617.46 kbar, respectively, indicating that they are promising high-energy candidates in the field of explosive combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Yi
- Laboratory
of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics
and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, P. R. China
| | - Kefan Zhao
- Laboratory
of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics
and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- Administrative
Office of Laboratory and Equipment, Qufu
Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Bingchao Yang
- Laboratory
of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics
and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department
of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Laboratory
of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics
and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, P. R. China
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26
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Wang Z, Yang T, Yang B, Yi W. Prediction of stable energetic beryllium pentazolate salt under ambient conditions. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00780c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The most stable BeN10 salt was directly predicted at atmospheric pressure, and the energy density is up to 5.36 kJ g−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiu Wang
- Administrative Office of Laboratory and Equipment
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
| | - Bingchao Yang
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
| | - Wencai Yi
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
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27
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Zhao G, Li H, Jia J, Wu H, Lu M. Theoretical Insights on the High Pressure Behavior of Pentazolate Anion Complex [Co(H 2O) 4(N 5) 2]·4H 2O. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15648. [PMID: 31666628 PMCID: PMC6821737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodic dispersion corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to examine the Hirshfeld surface, two dimensional (2D) fingerprint plots, crystal structure, molecular structure and density of state of all-nitrogen pentazolate anion complex [Co(H2O)4(N5)2]·4H2O under hydrostatic pressure from 0 to 20 GPa. The GGA/PW91-OBS method was applied in the present study. The intercontacts in [Co(H2O)4(N5)2]·4H2O were analyzed by Hirshfeld surfaces and 2D fingerprint plots. With ascending pressure, the lattice constants, compression rates, bond lengths, bond angles, and density of states change irregularly. Under 11.5, 13.0 and 15.8 GPa, covalent interaction competition is obvious between Co-N and Co-O bonds. It is possible to achieve orderly modification and regulation of the internal structure of [Co(H2O)4(N5)2]·4H2O by applied pressure. This is in accordance with the results from density of states analysis. The external compression causes the nonuniformity of electron density and the differential covalent interaction between pentazolate anion, coordinated water and atom Co. It is of great significance to interpret inter/intramolecular interaction and structural stability of [Co(H2O)4(N5)2]·4H2O and provide theoretical guidance for the design of metal complexes of all-nitrogen pentazolate anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, P.R. China.
| | - Huili Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, P.R. China
| | - Haishun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P.R. China
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28
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Tian L, Xu Y, Lin Q, Wang P, Lu M. Syntheses of Energetic cyclo-Pentazolate Salts. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2877-2882. [PMID: 31286665 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Three energetic salts of cyclo-N5 - were synthesized via a metathesis reaction of barium pentazolate and sulfates which was driven by the precipitation of BaSO4 . All the energetic cyclo-N5 - salts were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared (IR), 1 H and 13 C multinuclear NMR spectroscopies, thermal analysis (TGA and DSC), and elemental analysis. The salts exhibit relatively good detonation performance with low sensitivities and good thermal stabilities. This new method opens the door to exploring more pentazolate anion-containing high-performance energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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29
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Ren G, Liu R, Zhou P, Zhang C, Liu J, Han K. Theoretical perspective on the reaction mechanism from arylpentazenes to arylpentazoles: new insights into the enhancement of cyclo-N5 production. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2628-2631. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A thorough theoretical exploration of the formation mechanism of arylpentazole (cyclo-N5), the key precursor of cyclo-N5−, has been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Runze Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Qingdao 266235
- P. R. China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Keli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
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30
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Wu S, Lin G, Yang Z, Yang Q, Wei Q, Xie G, Chen S, Gao S, Lu JY. Crystal structures, thermodynamics and accelerating thermal decomposition of RDX: two new energetic coordination polymers based on a Y-shaped ligand of tris(5-aminotetrazole)triazine. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03387d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Two new energetic coordination polymers were prepared under hydrothermal condition. They have good detonation velocity, detonation pressure and effective acceleration effect toward the thermal decomposition of RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Guowei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Zhengyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Qing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Gang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Sanping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Shengli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Jack Y. Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- China
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31
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Bo XX, Zheng HF, Xin JF, Ding YH. A kinetically persistent isomer found for pentazole: a global potential energy surface survey. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2597-2600. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09626k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
After the pentazole with a 103-year-old research history, the second N5R isomer with reasonable kinetic stability was found computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-xu Bo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-feng Zheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
| | - Jing-fan Xin
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chifeng University
| | - Yi-hong Ding
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
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Jiao F, Zhang C. Origin of the considerably high thermal stability of cyclo-N5− containing salts at ambient conditions. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00276f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionization, conjugation, hydrogen bonding, coordination bonding and π–π stacking consolidate the cyclo-N5− caged in salt crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbao Jiao
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center
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Chen W, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Yi X, Chen Z, Zheng A. To Be or Not To Be Protonated: cyclo-N 5- in Crystal and Solvent. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:7137-7145. [PMID: 30395479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pentazole (HN5) and its anion ( cyclo-N5-) have been elusive for nearly a century because of the unstable N5 ring. Recently, Zhang et al. reported the first synthesis and characterization of the pentazolate anion cyclo-N5- in (N5)6(H3O)3(NH4)4Cl salt at ambient conditions ( Science 2017, 355, 374 ). However, whether the cyclo-N5- in (N5)6(H3O)3(NH4)4Cl salt is protonated or not has been debated ( Huang and Xu, Science, 2018, 359, eaao3672 ; Jiang et al. Science, 2018, 359, aas8953 ). Herein, we employed ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, which can well present the dynamic behavior at realistic experimental conditions, to examine the potential protonated state of cyclo-N5- in both crystal and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent. Our simulations revealed that the protonation reaction of (N5)6(H3O)3(NH4)4Cl → (N5)5(N5H)(H2O)(H3O)2(NH4)4Cl is thermodynamically spontaneous according to Δ G < 0, and the small energy barrier of 12.6 kJ/mol is not enough to prevent the partial protonation of cyclo-N5- due to the temperature effect; consequently, both deprotonated and protonated cyclo-N5- exist in the crystal. In comparison, the DMSO solvent effect can remarkably reduce the difference of proton affinities among cyclo-N5-, H2O, and NH3, and the temperature effect can finally break these hydrogen bonds and lead to the deprotonated cyclo-N5- in DMSO solvent. Our AIMD simulations reconcile the recent controversy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , P.R. China
| | - Yinghe Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Puerto Rico , Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan , Puerto Rico 00931 , United States
| | - Xianfeng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , P.R. China
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Puerto Rico , Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan , Puerto Rico 00931 , United States
| | - Anmin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , P.R. China
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Xu Y, Lin Q, Wang P, Lu M. Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Properties of a Series of 3D Metal–Inorganic Frameworks Containing Pentazolate Anion. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1669-1673. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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Xu Y, Lin Q, Wang P, Lu M. Stabilization of the Pentazolate Anion in Three Anhydrous and Metal-Free Energetic Salts. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:924-928. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
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Wang P, Xu Y, Lin Q, Lu M. Recent advances in the syntheses and properties of polynitrogen pentazolate anion cyclo-N5− and its derivatives. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7522-7538. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00372f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments and advances in pentazole chemistry, including substituted-pentazole precursors, strategies for the preparation of pentazolate anion, derivatives of pentazolate anion and their bonding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
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