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Frömbgen T, Canongia Lopes JN, Kirchner B, Shimizu K. Unraveling the Morphology of [C nC 1Im]Cl Ionic Liquids Combining Cluster and Aggregation Analyses. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3937-3945. [PMID: 38621255 PMCID: PMC11056978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of ionic liquids is their nanosegregation, resulting in the formation of polar and nonpolar domains. The influence of increasing the alkyl side chain on the morphology of ionic liquids has been the subject of many studies. Typically, the polar network (charged part of the cation and anion) constitutes a continuous subphase that partially breaks to allow the formation of a nonpolar domain with the increase of the alkyl chain. As the nonpolar network expands, the number of tails per aggregate increases until the ionic liquid percolates. In this work, we demonstrate how the complementary software packages TRAVIS and AGGREGATES can be employed in conjunction to gain insights into the size and morphology of the [CnC1Im]Cl family, with n ∈ {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}. The combination of the two approaches rounds off the picture of the intricate arrangement and structural features of the alkyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Frömbgen
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Bonn, Beringstraße 4-6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - José Nuno Canongia Lopes
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais 1, 1049 001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Bonn, Beringstraße 4-6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Karina Shimizu
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais 1, 1049 001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Kim S, Conrad JA, Tow GM, Maginn EJ, Boatz JA, Gordon MS. Intermolecular interactions in clusters of ethylammonium nitrate and 1-amino-1,2,3-triazole. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30428-30457. [PMID: 37917371 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02407e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The intermolecular interaction energies, including hydrogen bonds (H-bonds), of clusters of the ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and 1-amino-1,2,3-triazole (1-AT) based deep eutectic propellants (DeEP) are examined. 1-AT is introduced as a neutral hydrogen bond donor (HBD) to EAN in order to form a eutectic mixture. The effective fragment potential (EFP) is used to examine the bonding interactions in the DeEP clusters. The resolution of the Identity (RI) approximated second order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (RI-MP2) and coupled cluster theory (RI-CCSD(T)) are used to validate the EFP results. The EFP method predicts that there are significant polarization and charge transfer effects in the EAN:1-AT complexes, along with Coulombic, dispersion and exchange repulsion interactions. The EFP interaction energies are in good agreement with the RI-MP2 and RI-CCSD(T) results. The quasi-atomic orbital (QUAO) bonding and kinetic bond order (KBO) analyses are additionally used to develop a conceptual and semi-quantitative understanding of the H-bonding interactions as a function of the size of the system. The QUAO and KBO analyses suggest that the H-bonds in the examined clusters follow the characteristic hydrogen bonding three-center four electron interactions. The strongest H-bonding interactions between the (EAN)1:(1-AT)n and (EAN)2:(1-AT)n (n = 1-5) complexes are observed internally within EAN; that is, between the ethylammonium cation [EA]+ and the nitrate anion ([NO3]-). The weakest H-bonding interactions occur between [NO3]- and 1-AT. Consequently, the average strengths of the H-bonds within a given (EAN)x:(1-AT)n complex decrease as more 1-AT molecules are introduced into the EAN monomer and EAN dimer. The QUAO bonding analysis suggests that 1-AT in (EAN)x:(1-AT)n can act as both a HBD and a hydrogen bond acceptor simultaneously. It is observed that two 1-AT molecules can form H-bonds to each other. Although the KBOs that correspond to H-bonding interactions in [EA]+:1-AT, [NO3]-:1-AT and between two 1-AT molecules are weaker than the H-bonds in EAN, those weak H-bond networks with 1-AT could be important to form a stable DeEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Justin A Conrad
- Department of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Garrett M Tow
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Edward J Maginn
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Jerry A Boatz
- Aerospace Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards Air Force Base, California 93524, USA
| | - Mark S Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Site LD. Molecular Simulation for the Next Decade. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Delle Site
- Freie Universität Berlin Institute of Mathematics Arnimallee 6 Berlin 14195 Germany
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Bystrov SS, Matveev VV, Egorov AV, Chernyshev YS, Konovalov VA, Balevičius V, Chizhik VI. Translational Diffusion in a Set of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids [bmim] +A - and Their Mixtures with Water. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9187-9197. [PMID: 31591890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As the development of the work (J. Phys. Chem. B 2019, 123 (10), 2362-2372), we have investigated the translational mobility in the same set of dried imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) [bmim]A (A = BF4-, NO3-, TfO-, I-, Br-, and Cl-) in a wide temperature range using the NMR technique. It is shown that for the [bmim]+ cation, the temperature dependencies of product Dη do not follow the Stokes-Einstein relation for most systems studied, that is, the so-called "diffusion-viscosity decoupling" was realized. The correlation between local and translational mobility in pure IL of the [bmim][A] type was investigated using the data on NMR relaxation rates and diffusion coefficients. The most recent hypothesis of "water pockets" in mixtures of IL with water is critically discussed. Considering the totality of data in the literature and obtained here, we propose a specific model of the microstructure which may be applied up to water concentrations of 80-90 mol % (the structure of water-rich solutions is out of our current consideration). To confirm the model, molecular dynamics simulations of "IL-water" mixtures were also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei S Bystrov
- Saint-Petersburg State University , Ulyanovskaya str., 1 , 198504 Saint-Petersburg , Russia
| | - Vladimir V Matveev
- Saint-Petersburg State University , Ulyanovskaya str., 1 , 198504 Saint-Petersburg , Russia
| | - Andrei V Egorov
- Saint-Petersburg State University , Ulyanovskaya str., 1 , 198504 Saint-Petersburg , Russia
| | - Yurii S Chernyshev
- Saint-Petersburg State University , Ulyanovskaya str., 1 , 198504 Saint-Petersburg , Russia
| | - Vladislav A Konovalov
- Saint-Petersburg State University , Ulyanovskaya str., 1 , 198504 Saint-Petersburg , Russia
| | | | - Vladimir I Chizhik
- Saint-Petersburg State University , Ulyanovskaya str., 1 , 198504 Saint-Petersburg , Russia
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Conrad JA, Kim S, Gordon MS. Ionic liquids from a fragmented perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16878-16888. [PMID: 31359024 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02836f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of using fragmentation methods, such as the effective fragment potential, the fragment molecular orbital and the effective fragment molecular orbital methods is discussed. The advantages and current limitations of these methods are considered, potential improvements are suggested, and a prognosis for the future is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Conrad
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
| | - Shinae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
| | - Mark S Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
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Dreier TA, Ringstrand BS, Seifert S, Firestone MA. Synthesis and application of a metal ion coordinating ionic liquid monomer: Towards size and dispersity control of nanoparticles formed within a structured polyelectrolyte. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Magurudeniya HD, Ringstrand BS, Seifert S, Firestone MA. Reversible hierarchical structure induced by solvation and temperature modulation in an ionic liquid-based random bottlebrush copolymer. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01218k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Discoidal bottlebrush poly(ionic liquid)s are reversibly stacked into 1-D rod like assembles by temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha D. Magurudeniya
- Materials Physics & Applications Division
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA 87545
| | - Bryan S. Ringstrand
- Materials Physics & Applications Division
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA 87545
| | - Sönke Seifert
- X-ray Sciences Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont
- USA 60439
| | - Millicent A. Firestone
- Materials Physics & Applications Division
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA 87545
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