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Rasekh M, Harrison S, Schobesberger S, Ertl P, Balachandran W. Reagent storage and delivery on integrated microfluidic chips for point-of-care diagnostics. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:28. [PMID: 38825594 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-024-00709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic-based point-of-care diagnostics offer several unique advantages over existing bioanalytical solutions, such as automation, miniaturisation, and integration of sensors to rapidly detect on-site specific biomarkers. It is important to highlight that a microfluidic POC system needs to perform a number of steps, including sample preparation, nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and detection. Each of these stages involves mixing and elution to go from sample to result. To address these complex sample preparation procedures, a vast number of different approaches have been developed to solve the problem of reagent storage and delivery. However, to date, no universal method has been proposed that can be applied as a working solution for all cases. Herein, both current self-contained (stored within the chip) and off-chip (stored in a separate device and brought together at the point of use) are reviewed, and their merits and limitations are discussed. This review focuses on reagent storage devices that could be integrated with microfluidic devices, discussing further issues or merits of these storage solutions in two different sections: direct on-chip storage and external storage with their application devices. Furthermore, the different microvalves and micropumps are considered to provide guidelines for designing appropriate integrated microfluidic point-of-care devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoochehr Rasekh
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Sam Harrison
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Silvia Schobesberger
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wamadeva Balachandran
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
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2
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Xu S, Wang X, Wu C, Zhu X, Deng X, Wu Y, Liu M, Huang X, Wu L, Huang H. MscI restriction enzyme cooperating recombinase-aided isothermal amplification for the ultrasensitive and rapid detection of low-abundance EGFR mutations on microfluidic chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 247:115925. [PMID: 38134625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The detection of low-abundance mutation genes of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 21 (EGFR L858R) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as it enables early cancer detection and facilitates the development of treatment strategies. A detection platform was developed by combining the MscI restriction enzyme with the recombinase-aided isothermal amplification (RAA) technique (MRE-RAA). During the RAA process, "TGG^CCA" site of the wild-type genes was cleaved by the MscI restriction enzyme, while only the low-abundance mutation genes underwent amplification. Notably, when the RAA product was combined with CRISPR-Cas system, the sensitivity of detecting the EGFR L858R mutation increased by up to 1000-fold for addition of the MscI restriction enzyme. This achievement marked the first instance of attaining an analytical sensitivity of 0.001%. Furthermore, a disk-shaped microfluidic chip was developed to automate pretreatment while concurrently analyzing four blood samples. The microfluidic features of the chip include DNA extraction, MRE-RAA, and CRISPR-based detection. The fluorescence signal is employed for detection in the microfluidic chip, which is visible to the naked eye upon exposure to blue light irradiation. Furthermore, this platform has the capability to facilitate early diagnosis for various types of cancer by enabling high-sensitivity detection of low-abundance mutation genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xueting Zhu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | | | - Lina Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Hwu AT, Madadelahi M, Nakajima R, Shamloo E, Perebikovsky A, Kido H, Jain A, Jasinskas A, Prange S, Felgner P, Madou M. Centrifugal disc liquid reciprocation flow considerations for antibody binding to COVID antigen array during microfluidic integration. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2695-2706. [PMID: 35737382 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00213b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous immunoassays (HI) are an invaluable tool for biomarker detection and remain an ideal candidate for microfluidic point-of-care diagnostics. However, automating and controlling sustained fluid flow from benchtop to microfluidics for the HI reaction during the extended sample incubation step, remains difficult to implement; this leads to challenges for assay integration and assay result interpretation. To address these issues, we investigated the liquid reciprocation process on a microfluidic centrifugal disc (CD) to generate continuous, bidirectional fluid flow using only a rotating motor. Large volumetric flow rates (μL s-1) through the HI reaction chamber were sustained for extended durations (up to 1 h). The CD liquid reciprocation operating behavior was characterized experimentally and simulated to determine fluid flow shear rates through our HI reaction chamber. We demonstrated the continuous CD liquid reciprocation for target molecule incubation for a microarray HI and that higher fluid shear rates negatively influenced our fluorescence intensity. We highlight the importance of proper fluid flow considerations when integrating HIs with microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Hwu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 6000 Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering Building, Irvine, CA 92617-2580, USA.
| | - Masoud Madadelahi
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Rie Nakajima
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Ehsan Shamloo
- Autonomous Medical Devices Incorporated, 3511 Sunflower Avenue, Santa Ana, CA 92704, USA
| | - Alexandra Perebikovsky
- Autonomous Medical Devices Incorporated, 3511 Sunflower Avenue, Santa Ana, CA 92704, USA
| | - Horacio Kido
- Autonomous Medical Devices Incorporated, 3511 Sunflower Avenue, Santa Ana, CA 92704, USA
| | - Aarti Jain
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Algis Jasinskas
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Shawna Prange
- Grace Bio Labs, 1015 Emkay Drive, Bend, Oregon 97702, USA
| | - Philip Felgner
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Marc Madou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 6000 Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering Building, Irvine, CA 92617-2580, USA.
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
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An Integrated, Real-Time Convective PCR System for Isolation, Amplification, and Detection of Nucleic Acids. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Convective PCR (CPCR) can perform rapid nucleic acid amplification by inducing thermal convection to continuously, cyclically driving reagent between different zones of the reactor for spatially separate melting, annealing, and extending in a capillary tube with constant heating temperatures at different locations. CPCR is promoted by incorporating an FTA membrane filter into the capillary tube, which constructs a single convective PCR reactor for both sample preparation and amplification. To simplify fluid control in sample preparation, lysed sample or wash buffer is driven through the membrane filter through centrifugation. A movable resistance heater is used to heat the capillary tube for amplification, and meanwhile, a smartphone camera is adopted to monitor in situ fluorescence signal from the reaction. Different from other existing CPCR systems with the described simple, easy-to-use, integrated, real-time microfluidic CPCR system, rapid nucleic acid analysis can be performed from sample to answer. A couple of critical issues, including wash scheme and reaction temperature, are analyzed for optimized system performance. It is demonstrated that influenza A virus with the reasonable concentration down to 1.0 TCID50/mL can be successfully detected by the integrated microfluidic system within 45 min.
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Johannsen B, Baumgartner D, Karkossa L, Paust N, Karpíšek M, Bostanci N, Zengerle R, Mitsakakis K. ImmunoDisk—A Fully Automated Bead-Based Immunoassay Cartridge with All Reagents Pre-Stored. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060413. [PMID: 35735560 PMCID: PMC9221266 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the ImmunoDisk, a fully automated sample-to-answer centrifugal microfluidic cartridge, integrating a heterogeneous, wash-free, magnetic- and fluorescent bead-based immunoassay (bound-free phase detection immunoassay/BFPD-IA). The BFPD-IA allows the implementation of a simple fluidic structure, where the assay incubation, bead separation and detection are performed in the same chamber. The system was characterized using a C-reactive protein (CRP) competitive immunoassay. A parametric investigation on air drying of protein-coupled beads for pre-storage at room temperature is presented. The key parameters were buffer composition, drying temperature and duration. A protocol for drying two different types of protein-coupled beads with the same temperature and duration using different drying buffers is presented. The sample-to-answer workflow was demonstrated measuring CRP in 5 µL of human serum, without prior dilution, utilizing only one incubation step, in 20 min turnaround time, in the clinically relevant concentration range of 15–115 mg/L. A reproducibility assessment over three disk batches revealed an average signal coefficient of variation (CV) of 5.8 ± 1.3%. A CRP certified reference material was used for method verification with a concentration CV of 8.6%. Our results encourage future testing of the CRP-ImmunoDisk in clinical studies and its point-of-care implementation in many diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Johannsen
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (K.M.); Tel.: +49-761-203-7252 (B.J.); +49-761-203-73252 (K.M.)
| | - Desirée Baumgartner
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Lena Karkossa
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
| | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Michal Karpíšek
- BioVendor-Laboratorní Medicína a.s., Research & Diagnostic Products Division, Karasek 1767/1, Reckovice, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho trida 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Konstantinos Mitsakakis
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (K.M.); Tel.: +49-761-203-7252 (B.J.); +49-761-203-73252 (K.M.)
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Gowda HN, Kido H, Wu X, Shoval O, Lee A, Lorenzana A, Madou M, Hoffmann M, Jiang SC. Development of a proof-of-concept microfluidic portable pathogen analysis system for water quality monitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152556. [PMID: 34952082 PMCID: PMC8837627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne diseases cause millions of deaths worldwide, especially in developing communities. The monitoring and rapid detection of microbial pathogens in water is critical for public health protection. This study reports the development of a proof-of-concept portable pathogen analysis system (PPAS) that can detect bacteria in water with the potential application in a point-of-sample collection setting. A centrifugal microfluidic platform is adopted to integrate bacterial cell lysis in water samples, nucleic acid extraction, and reagent mixing with a droplet digital loop mediated isothermal amplification assay for bacteria quantification onto a single centrifugal disc (CD). Coupled with a portable "CD Driver" capable of automating the assay steps, the CD functions as a single step bacterial detection "lab" without the need to transfer samples from vial-to-vial as in a traditional laboratory. The prototype system can detect Enterococcus faecalis, a common fecal indicator bacterium, in water samples with a single touch of a start button within 1 h and having total hands-on-time being less than 5 min. An add-on bacterial concentration cup prefilled with absorbent polymer beads was designed to integrate with the pathogen CD to improve the downstream quantification sensitivity. All reagents and amplified products are contained within the single-use disc, reducing the opportunity of cross contamination of other samples by the amplification products. This proof-of-concept PPAS lays the foundation for field testing devices in areas needing more accessible water quality monitoring tools and are at higher risk for being exposed to contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamsa N Gowda
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Horacio Kido
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Xunyi Wu
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Oren Shoval
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Adrienne Lee
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Albert Lorenzana
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Marc Madou
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sunny C Jiang
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
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7
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Baumgartner D, Johannsen B, Specht M, Lüddecke J, Rombach M, Hin S, Paust N, von Stetten F, Zengerle R, Herz C, Peham JR, Paqué PN, Attin T, Jenzer JS, Körner P, Schmidlin PR, Thurnheer T, Wegehaupt FJ, Kaman WE, Stubbs A, Hays JP, Rusu V, Michie A, Binsl T, Stejskal D, Karpíšek M, Bao K, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN, Mitsakakis K. OralDisk: A Chair-Side Compatible Molecular Platform Using Whole Saliva for Monitoring Oral Health at the Dental Practice. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11110423. [PMID: 34821641 PMCID: PMC8615610 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis and dental caries are two major bacterially induced, non-communicable diseases that cause the deterioration of oral health, with implications in patients' general health. Early, precise diagnosis and personalized monitoring are essential for the efficient prevention and management of these diseases. Here, we present a disk-shaped microfluidic platform (OralDisk) compatible with chair-side use that enables analysis of non-invasively collected whole saliva samples and molecular-based detection of ten bacteria: seven periodontitis-associated (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola) and three caries-associated (oral Lactobacilli, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus). Each OralDisk test required 400 µL of homogenized whole saliva. The automated workflow included bacterial DNA extraction, purification and hydrolysis probe real-time PCR detection of the target pathogens. All reagents were pre-stored within the disk and sample-to-answer processing took < 3 h using a compact, customized processing device. A technical feasibility study (25 OralDisks) was conducted using samples from healthy, periodontitis and caries patients. The comparison of the OralDisk with a lab-based reference method revealed a ~90% agreement amongst targets detected as positive and negative. This shows the OralDisk's potential and suitability for inclusion in larger prospective implementation studies in dental care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Baumgartner
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK–Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (D.B.); Tel.: +49-761-203-73252 (K.M.); +49-761-203-98724 (D.B.)
| | - Benita Johannsen
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Mara Specht
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Jan Lüddecke
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Markus Rombach
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Sebastian Hin
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK–Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix von Stetten
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK–Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK–Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Herz
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Wien, Austria; (C.H.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Johannes R. Peham
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Wien, Austria; (C.H.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Pune N. Paqué
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.N.P.); (T.A.); (J.S.J.); (P.K.); (P.R.S.); (T.T.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.N.P.); (T.A.); (J.S.J.); (P.K.); (P.R.S.); (T.T.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Joël S. Jenzer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.N.P.); (T.A.); (J.S.J.); (P.K.); (P.R.S.); (T.T.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Philipp Körner
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.N.P.); (T.A.); (J.S.J.); (P.K.); (P.R.S.); (T.T.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Patrick R. Schmidlin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.N.P.); (T.A.); (J.S.J.); (P.K.); (P.R.S.); (T.T.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Thomas Thurnheer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.N.P.); (T.A.); (J.S.J.); (P.K.); (P.R.S.); (T.T.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Florian J. Wegehaupt
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.N.P.); (T.A.); (J.S.J.); (P.K.); (P.R.S.); (T.T.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Wendy E. Kaman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam (Erasmus MC), 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (W.E.K.); (J.P.H.)
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Free University of Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Stubbs
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam (Erasmus MC), 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - John P. Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam (Erasmus MC), 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (W.E.K.); (J.P.H.)
| | - Viorel Rusu
- Magtivio B.V., Daelderweg 9, 6361 HK Nuth, The Netherlands;
| | - Alex Michie
- ClinicaGeno Ltd., 11 Station Approach, Coulsdon CR5 2NR, UK; (A.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Thomas Binsl
- ClinicaGeno Ltd., 11 Station Approach, Coulsdon CR5 2NR, UK; (A.M.); (T.B.)
| | - David Stejskal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 1790/5, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Karpíšek
- BioVendor-Laboratorní Medicína a.s., Research & Diagnostic Products Division, Karasek 1767/1, Reckovice, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho trida 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kai Bao
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden; (K.B.); (N.B.); (G.N.B.)
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden; (K.B.); (N.B.); (G.N.B.)
| | - Georgios N. Belibasakis
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden; (K.B.); (N.B.); (G.N.B.)
| | - Konstantinos Mitsakakis
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK–Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (D.B.); Tel.: +49-761-203-73252 (K.M.); +49-761-203-98724 (D.B.)
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8
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Sunkara V, Kumar S, Sabaté del Río J, Kim I, Cho YK. Lab-on-a-Disc for Point-of-Care Infection Diagnostics. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3643-3655. [PMID: 34516092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reliable, inexpensive, and rapid diagnostic tools are essential to control and prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Many commercial kits for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnostics have played a crucial role in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Most current standard in vitro diagnostic (IVD) protocols for infectious diseases are sensitive but time-consuming and require sophisticated laboratory equipment and specially trained personnel. Recent advances in biosensor technology suggest the potential to deliver point-of-care (POC) diagnostics that are affordable and provide accurate results in a short time. The ideal "sample-in-answer-out" type fully integrated POC infection diagnostic platforms are expected to be autonomous or easy-to-operate, equipment-free or infrastructure-independent, and high-throughput or easy to upscale. In this Account, we detail the recent progress made by our group and others in the development of centrifugal microfluidic devices or lab-on-a-disc (LOAD) systems. Unlike conventional pump-based fluid actuation, the centrifugal force generated by spinning the disc induces liquid pumping and no external fluidic interconnects are required. This allows a total fluidic network required for multiple steps of biological assays to be integrated on a disc, enabling fully automated POC diagnostics. Various applications have been demonstrated, including liquid biopsy for personalized cancer management, food applications, and environmental monitoring; here, we focus on IVD for infectious disease. First, we introduce various on-disc unit operation technologies, including reagent storage, sedimentation, filtration, valving, decanting, aliquoting, mixing, separation, serial dilution, washing, and calibration. Such centrifugal microfluidic technologies have already proved promising for micro-total-analysis systems for automated IVD ranging from molecular detection of pathogens to multiplexed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) that use raw samples such as whole blood or saliva. Some recent examples of LOAD systems for molecular diagnostics in which some or all steps of the assays are integrated on a disc, including pathogen enrichment, nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and detection, are discussed in detail. We then introduce fully automated ELISA systems with enhanced sensitivity. Furthermore, we demonstrate a toy-inspired fidget spinner that enables electricity-free and rapid analysis of pathogens from undiluted urine samples of patients with urinary tract infection symptoms and a phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility test for an extreme POC diagnostics application. Considering the urgent need for cost-effective and reliable POC infection diagnostic tools, especially in the current pandemic crisis, the current limitations and future directions of fast and broad adaptation in real-world settings are also discussed. With proper attention to key challenges and leverage with recent advances in bio-sensing technologies, molecular biology, nanomaterials, analytical chemistry, miniaturization, system integration, and data management, LOAD systems hold the potential to deliver POC infection diagnostic tools with unprecedented performance regarding time, accuracy, and cost. We hope the new insight and promise of LOAD systems for POC infection diagnostics presented in this Account can spark new ideas and inspire further research and development to create better healthcare systems for current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Sunkara
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan Sabaté del Río
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Kim
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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9
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Regan B, O'Kennedy R, Collins D. Advances in point-of-care testing for cardiovascular diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 104:1-70. [PMID: 34462053 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is a specific format of diagnostic testing that is conducted without accompanying infrastructure or sophisticated instrumentation. Traditionally, such rapid sample-to-answer assays provide inferior analytical performances to their laboratory counterparts when measuring cardiac biomarkers. Hence, their potentially broad applicability is somewhat bound by their inability to detect clinically relevant concentrations of cardiac troponin (cTn) in the early stages of myocardial injury. However, the continuous refinement of biorecognition elements, the optimization of detection techniques, and the fabrication of tailored fluid handling systems to manage the sensing process has stimulated the production of commercial assays that can support accelerated diagnostic pathways. This review will present the latest commercial POC assays and examine their impact on clinical decision-making. The individual elements that constitute POC assays will be explored, with an emphasis on aspects that contribute to economically feasible and highly sensitive assays. Furthermore, the prospect of POCT imparting a greater influence on early interventions for medium to high-risk individuals and the potential to re-shape the paradigm of cardiovascular risk assessments will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Regan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Research Complex, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - David Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Shi Y, Ye P, Yang K, Meng J, Guo J, Pan Z, Bayin Q, Zhao W. Application of Microfluidics in Immunoassay: Recent Advancements. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:2959843. [PMID: 34326976 PMCID: PMC8302407 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2959843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, point-of-care testing has played an important role in immunoassay, biochemical analysis, and molecular diagnosis, especially in low-resource settings. Among various point-of-care-testing platforms, microfluidic chips have many outstanding advantages. Microfluidic chip applies the technology of miniaturizing conventional laboratory which enables the whole biochemical process including reagent loading, reaction, separation, and detection on the microchip. As a result, microfluidic platform has become a hotspot of research in the fields of food safety, health care, and environmental monitoring in the past few decades. Here, the state-of-the-art application of microfluidics in immunoassay in the past decade will be reviewed. According to different driving forces of fluid, microfluidic platform is divided into two parts: passive manipulation and active manipulation. In passive manipulation, we focus on the capillary-driven microfluidics, while in active manipulation, we introduce pressure microfluidics, centrifugal microfluidics, electric microfluidics, optofluidics, magnetic microfluidics, and digital microfluidics. Additionally, within the introduction of each platform, innovation of the methods used and their corresponding performance improvement will be discussed. Ultimately, the shortcomings of different platforms and approaches for improvement will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Shi
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Peng Ye
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Kuojun Yang
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jie Meng
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jiuchuan Guo
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zhixiang Pan
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Qiaoge Bayin
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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11
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Klatt JN, Dinh TJ, Schilling O, Zengerle R, Schmidt F, Hutzenlaub T, Paust N. Automation of peptide desalting for proteomic liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry by centrifugal microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2255-2264. [PMID: 33908535 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00137j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For large-scale analysis of complex protein mixtures, liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been proven to be one of the most versatile tools due to its high sensitivity and ability to both identify and quantify thousands of proteins in a single measurement. Sample preparation typically comprises site-specific cleavage of proteins into peptides, followed by desalting and concomitant peptide enrichment, which is commonly performed by solid phase extraction. Desalting workflows may include multiple liquid handling steps and are thus error prone and labour intensive. To improve the reproducibility of sample preparation for low amounts of protein, we present a centrifugal microfluidic disk that automates all liquid handling steps required for peptide desalting by solid phase extraction (DesaltingDisk). Microfluidic implementation was enabled by a novel centrifugal microfluidic dosing on demand structure that enabled mapping multiple washing steps onto a microfluidic disk. Evaluation of the microfluidic disk was performed by LC-MS/MS analysis of tryptic HEK-293 eukaryotic cell peptide mixtures desalted either using the microfluidic disk or a manual workflow. A comparable number of peptides were identified in the disk and manual set with 19 775 and 20 212 identifications, respectively. For a core set of 10 444 peptides that could be quantified in all injections, intensity coefficients of variation were calculated based on label-free quantitation intensities. The disk set featured smaller variability with a median CV of 9.3% compared to the median CV of 12.6% for the manual approach. Intensity CVs on protein level were lowered from 5.8% to 4.2% when using the LabDisk. Interday reproducibility for both workflows was assessed by LC-SRM/MS analysis of samples that were spiked with 11 synthetic peptides of varying hydrophobicity. Except for the most hydrophilic and hydrophobic peptides, the average CV was lowered to 3.6% for the samples processed with the disk compared to 7.2% for the manual workflow. The presented centrifugal microfluidic DesaltingDisk demonstrates the potential to improve reproducibility in the sample preparation workflow for proteomic mass spectrometry, especially for application with limited amount of sample material.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-N Klatt
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany and Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - T J Dinh
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzle Str. 1, Freiburg, Germany and Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115A, Freiburg, Germany
| | - O Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115A, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Zengerle
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany and Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - F Schmidt
- Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - T Hutzenlaub
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany and Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - N Paust
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany and Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
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12
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Mitsakakis K. Novel lab-on-a-disk platforms: a powerful tool for molecular fingerprinting of oral and respiratory tract infections. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:523-526. [PMID: 33902369 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1920400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mitsakakis
- Hahn-Schickard, Freiburg, Germany.,Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Homann AR, Niebling L, Zehnle S, Beutler M, Delamotte L, Rothmund MC, Czurratis D, Beller KD, Zengerle R, Hoffmann H, Paust N. A microfluidic cartridge for fast and accurate diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections on standard laboratory equipment. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1540-1548. [PMID: 33625429 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00035g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel centrifugal microfluidic approach for fast and accurate tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis based on the use of standard laboratory equipment. The herein presented workflow can directly be integrated into laboratories with standard equipment and automates complex sample preparation. The system consists of a microfluidic cartridge, a laboratory centrifuge and a standard PCR cycler. The cartridge includes all required reagents and automates collection of bacteria on filter membranes, bacterial lysis, nucleic acid extraction and aliquoting of the DNA extract for PCR analysis. We show that storage of the reagents in aluminium-coated pouches is stable during accelerated storage and transport tests. When the limit of detection was assessed, we found that the cartridge-automated workflow consistently detected 10 CFU ml-1 of mycobacteria in spiked sputum samples. First tests with clinical samples showed a 100% specificity for non-TB specimens. In addition, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was re-found in pre-characterized smear microscopy and culture positive sputum samples suggesting a high diagnostic sensitvity. In summary, the novel cartridge-automated workflow enables a flexible and sensitive TB diagnosis without the need to invest in specialized instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Homann
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Laura Niebling
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Steffen Zehnle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Beutler
- IML red, WHO Supranational Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Robert-Koch-Allee 2, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | - Lubov Delamotte
- IML red, WHO Supranational Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Robert-Koch-Allee 2, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. and Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald Hoffmann
- SYNLAB Gauting SYNLAB Human Genetics Munich, Robert-Koch-Allee 2, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. and Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Henderson BD, Kinahan DJ, Rio J, Mishra R, King D, Torres-Delgado SM, Mager D, Korvink JG, Ducrée J. Siphon-Controlled Automation on a Lab-on-a-Disc Using Event-Triggered Dissolvable Film Valves. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11030073. [PMID: 33800811 PMCID: PMC8000095 DOI: 10.3390/bios11030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Within microfluidic technologies, the centrifugal microfluidic “Lab-on-a-Disc” (LoaD) platform offers great potential for use at the PoC and in low-resource settings due to its robustness and the ability to port and miniaturize ‘wet bench’ laboratory protocols. We present the combination of ‘event-triggered dissolvable film valves’ with a centrifugo-pneumatic siphon structure to enable control and timing, through changes in disc spin-speed, of the release and incubations of eight samples/reagents/wash buffers. Based on these microfluidic techniques, we integrated and automated a chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of the CVD risk factor marker C-reactive protein displaying a limit of detection (LOD) of 44.87 ng mL−1 and limit of quantitation (LoQ) of 135.87 ng mL−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Henderson
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; (B.D.H.); (J.R.)
| | - David J. Kinahan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland;
- National Center for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- I-Form, the SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- The Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jeanne Rio
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; (B.D.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Rohit Mishra
- Fraunhofer Project Center, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; (R.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Damien King
- Fraunhofer Project Center, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; (R.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Sarai M. Torres-Delgado
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.M.T.-D.); (D.M.); (J.G.K.)
| | - Dario Mager
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.M.T.-D.); (D.M.); (J.G.K.)
| | - Jan G. Korvink
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.M.T.-D.); (D.M.); (J.G.K.)
| | - Jens Ducrée
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; (B.D.H.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-700-5377
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15
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He Z, Huffman J, Curtin K, Garner KL, Bowdridge EC, Li X, Nurkiewicz TR, Li P. Composable Microfluidic Plates (cPlate): A Simple and Scalable Fluid Manipulation System for Multiplexed Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Anal Chem 2021; 93:1489-1497. [PMID: 33326204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the gold standard method for protein biomarkers. However, scaling up ELISA for multiplexed biomarker analysis is not a trivial task due to the lengthy procedures for fluid manipulation and high reagent/sample consumption. Herein, we present a highly scalable multiplexed ELISA that achieves a similar level of performance to commercial single-target ELISA kits as well as shorter assay time, less consumption, and simpler procedures. This ELISA is enabled by a novel microscale fluid manipulation method, composable microfluidic plates (cPlate), which are comprised of miniaturized 96-well plates and their corresponding channel plates. By assembling and disassembling the plates, all of the fluid manipulations for 96 independent ELISA reactions can be achieved simultaneously without any external fluid manipulation equipment. Simultaneous quantification of four protein biomarkers in serum samples is demonstrated with the cPlate system, achieving high sensitivity and specificity (∼ pg/mL), short assay time (∼1 h), low consumption (∼5 μL/well), high scalability, and ease of use. This platform is further applied to probe the levels of three protein biomarkers related to vascular dysfunction under pulmonary nanoparticle exposure in rat's plasma. Because of the low cost, portability, and instrument-free nature of the cPlate system, it will have great potential for multiplexed point-of-care testing in resource-limited regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi He
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Justin Huffman
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Kathrine Curtin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Krista L Garner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Bowdridge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Xiaojun Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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16
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Lin Q, Wu J, Fang X, Kong J. Washing-free centrifugal microchip fluorescence immunoassay for rapid and point-of-care detection of protein. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1118:18-25. [PMID: 32418600 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Simplifying the procedure of immunoassay is still a challenge due to problems such as multiple washing processes, complicated chemical modification and expensive cost. In this study, we developed a portable centrifugal microchip fluorescence immunoassay for washing-free, rapid, quantitative and point-of-care (POC) detection of protein. The designed microchip was fabricated by polycarbonate and assembled by double-sided adhesive tape using injecting molding with high scalability and low cost. The centrifugal strategy is capable of washing-out the bio-fluid and improving signal-to-noise ratio. Matrix nano-spotting method was employed to facilitate satisfactory immunological binding sites with the advantage of high capture efficiency and reproducibility. The proposed approach was capable of sensitively detecting procalcitonin (PCT) with a wide dynamic ranging from 0.10 ng/mL to 70.00 ng/mL within 10 min. Furthermore, this novel integrated diagnostic tool was successfully applied to detect PCT in 101 clinical samples with good consistency with Roche's method, indicating its attractive practical application capability. With favorable simplicity, rapidity, low cost and excellent analytical performance, our method holds great promise for POC diagnostics of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Shanghai Suxin Biotechnology Co. Ltd, and IgeneTec Diagnostic Products Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201318, PR China
| | - Xueen Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| | - Jilie Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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17
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Hess JF, Zehnle S, Juelg P, Hutzenlaub T, Zengerle R, Paust N. Review on pneumatic operations in centrifugal microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3745-3770. [PMID: 31596297 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00441f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugal microfluidics allows for miniaturization, automation and parallelization of laboratory workflows. The fact that centrifugal forces are always directed radially outwards has been considered a main drawback for the implementation of complex workflows leading to the requirement of additional actuation forces for pumping, valving and switching. In this work, we review and discuss the combination of centrifugal with pneumatic forces which enables transport of even complex liquids in any direction on centrifugal systems, provides actuation for valving and switching, offers alternatives for mixing and enables accurate and precise metering and aliquoting. In addition, pneumatics can be employed for timing to carry out any of the above listed unit operations in a sequential and cascaded manner. Firstly, different methods to generate pneumatic pressures are discussed. Then, unit operations and applications that employ pneumatics are reviewed. Finally, a tutorial section discusses two examples to provide insight into the design process. The first tutorial explains a comparatively simple implementation of a pneumatic siphon valve and provides a workflow to derive optimum design parameters. The second tutorial discusses cascaded pneumatic operations consisting of temperature change rate actuated valving and subsequent pneumatic pumping. In conclusion, combining pneumatic actuation with centrifugal microfluidics allows for the design of robust fluidic networks with simple fluidic structures that are implemented in a monolithic fashion. No coatings are required and the overall demands on manufacturing are comparatively low. We see the combination of centrifugal forces with pneumatic actuation as a key enabling technology to facilitate compact and robust automation of biochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Hess
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Zehnle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - P Juelg
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - T Hutzenlaub
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany and Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - R Zengerle
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany and Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - N Paust
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany and Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
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18
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Li X, Huffman J, Ranganathan N, He Z, Li P. Acoustofluidic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) platform enabled by coupled acoustic streaming. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1079:129-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Point-of-care genetic analysis for multiplex pathogenic bacteria on a fully integrated centrifugal microdevice with a large-volume sample. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 136:132-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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20
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Chen Y, Shen M, Zhu Y, Xu Y. A novel electromagnet-triggered pillar valve and its application in immunoassay on a centrifugal platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1728-1735. [PMID: 31020298 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00043g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The lab-on-a-disc is a powerful microfluidic platform that skillfully takes advantage of centrifugal force to controllably drive liquids with the assistance of passive or active valves. However, the passive valves are mainly triggered by the rotation speed and can be easily influenced by the surface chemistry of the channel, while the active valves usually require a complicated fabrication or actuation procedure. In this study, a novel active valve that can be easily triggered by an electromagnet was proposed and applied on the centrifugation platform. This valve, named the electromagnet-triggered pillar (ETP) valve, consisted of a metal pin and pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) tape, and is closed until the pin is lifted up by an electromagnet to partially separate the PSA tape from the substrate. As a typical application, this valve is utilized to construct a centrifugal chip for mycotoxin detection. With four ETP valves in a unit, the sample and liquid reagents can be sequentially released into the reaction chamber that was spotted with mycotoxin conjugates to accomplish the whole immunoassay. Four mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone) were simultaneously detected on this chip with limits of detection lower than the permissible limits set by the regulatory agencies of China, demonstrating the practicability of this easy-to-use active valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China.
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Pham NM, Karlen W, Beck HP, Delamarche E. Malaria and the 'last' parasite: how can technology help? Malar J 2018; 17:260. [PMID: 29996831 PMCID: PMC6042346 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria, together with HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and hepatitis are the four most deadly infectious diseases globally. Progress in eliminating malaria has saved millions of lives, but also creates new challenges in detecting the 'last parasite'. Effective and accurate detection of malaria infections, both in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals are needed. In this review, the current progress in developing new diagnostic tools to fight malaria is presented. An ideal rapid test for malaria elimination is envisioned with examples to demonstrate how innovative technologies can assist the global defeat against this disease. Diagnostic gaps where technology can bring an impact to the elimination campaign for malaria are identified. Finally, how a combination of microfluidic-based technologies and smartphone-based read-outs could potentially represent the next generation of rapid diagnostic tests is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Minh Pham
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Lengghalde 5, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Karlen
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Lengghalde 5, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Beck
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Petersgraben 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland.
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