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Khashan S, Odhah AA, Taha M, Alazzam A, Al-Fandi M. Enhanced microfluidic multi-target separation by positive and negative magnetophoresis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13293. [PMID: 38858424 PMCID: PMC11164922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We introduce magnetophoresis-based microfluidics for sorting biological targets using positive Magnetophoresis (pM) for magnetically labeled particles and negative Magnetophoresis (nM) for label-free particles. A single, externally magnetized ferromagnetic wire induces repulsive forces and is positioned across the focused sample flow near the main channel's closed end. We analyze magnetic attributes and separation performance under two transverse dual-mode magnetic configurations, examining magnetic fields, hydrodynamics, and forces on microparticles of varying sizes and properties. In pM, the dual-magnet arrangement (DMA) for sorting three distinct particles shows higher magnetic gradient generation and throughput than the single-magnet arrangement (SMA). In nM, the numerical results for SMA sorting of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and prostate cancer cells (PC3-9) demonstrate superior magnetic properties and throughput compared to DMA. Magnetized wire linear movement is a key design parameter, allowing device customization. An automated device for handling more targets can be created by manipulating magnetophoretic repulsion forces. The transverse wire and magnet arrangement accommodate increased channel depth without sacrificing efficiency, yielding higher throughput than other devices. Experimental validation using soft lithography and 3D printing confirms successful sorting and separation, aligning well with numerical results. This demonstrates the successful sorting and separating of injected particles within a hydrodynamically focused sample in all systems. Both numerical and experimental findings indicate a separation accuracy of 100% across various Reynolds numbers. The primary channel dimensions measure 100 µm in height and 200 µm in width. N52 permanent magnets were employed in both numerical simulations and experiments. For numerical simulations, a remanent flux density of 1.48 T was utilized. In the experimental setup, magnets measuring 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.125 inches and 0.5 × 0.5 × 1 inch were employed. The experimental data confirm the device's capability to achieve 100% separation accuracy at a Reynolds number of 3. However, this study did not explore the potential impact of increased flow rates on separation accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Khashan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Abdulkarem A Odhah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Marwan Taha
- System on Chip Lab, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University of Science & Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas Alazzam
- System on Chip Lab, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University of Science & Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohamed Al-Fandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Goldberg M, Mondragon-Soto MG, Altawalbeh G, Meyer B, Aftahy AK. New Breakthroughs in the Diagnosis of Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis: A Review of Liquid Biopsies of Cerebrospinal Fluid. Cureus 2024; 16:e55187. [PMID: 38558729 PMCID: PMC10980855 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis represents a terminal stage and is a devastating complication of cancer. Despite its high incidence, current diagnostic methods fail to accurately detect this condition in a timely manner. This failure to diagnose leads to the refusal of treatment and the absence of clinical trials, hampering the development of new therapy strategies. The use of liquid biopsy is revolutionizing the field of diagnostic oncology. The dynamic and non-invasive detection of tumor markers has enormous potential in cancer diagnostics and treatment. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is a condition where invasive tissue biopsy is not part of the routine diagnostic analysis, making liquid biopsy an essential diagnostic tool. Several elements in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been investigated as potential targets of liquid biopsy, including free circulating tumor cells, free circulating nucleic acids, proteins, exosomes, and even non-tumor cells as part of the dynamic tumor microenvironment. This review aims to summarize current breakthroughs in the research on liquid biopsy, including the latest breakthroughs in the identification of tumor cells and nucleic acids, and give an overview of future directions in the diagnosis of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Goldberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, DEU
| | | | - Ghaith Altawalbeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, DEU
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, DEU
| | - Amir Kaywan Aftahy
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, DEU
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3
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Hasanzadeh Kafshgari M, Hayden O. Advances in analytical microfluidic workflows for differential cancer diagnosis. NANO SELECT 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics Campus Klinikum München rechts der Isar TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Oliver Hayden
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics Campus Klinikum München rechts der Isar TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
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Descamps L, Garcia J, Barthelemy D, Laurenceau E, Payen L, Le Roy D, Deman AL. MagPure chip: an immunomagnetic-based microfluidic device for high purification of circulating tumor cells from liquid biopsies. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4151-4166. [PMID: 36148526 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00443g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) directly from blood, as a liquid biopsy, could lead to a paradigm shift in cancer clinical care by providing an earlier diagnosis, a more accurate prognosis, and personalized treatment. Nevertheless, CTC-specific challenges, including their rarity and heterogeneity, have hampered the wider use of CTCs in clinical studies. Microfluidic-based isolation technologies have emerged as promising tools to circumvent these limitations but still fail to meet the constraints of high purity and short processing time required to ensure compatibility with clinical follow-up. In this study, we developed an immunomagnetic-based microfluidic device, the MagPure chip, to achieve the negative selection of CTCs through the depletion of white blood cells (WBCs) and provide highly purified samples for subsequent analysis. We demonstrate that the MagPure chip depletes all magnetically labeled WBCs (85% of WBCs were successfully labeled) and ensures a CTC recovery rate of 81%. In addition, we show its compatibility with conventional biological studies, including 2D and 3D cell culture, as well as phenotypic and genotypic analyses. Finally, we successfully implemented a two-step separation workflow for whole blood processing by combining a size-based pre-enrichment system (ClearCell FX1®) with the MagPure chip as a subsequent purification step. The total workflow led to high throughput (7.5 mL blood in less than 4 h) and high purity (947 WBCs per mL remaining, 99.99% depletion rate), thus enabling us to quantify CTC heterogeneity in size and tumor marker expression level. This tumor-marker-free liquid biopsy workflow could be used in a clinical context to assess phenotype aggressiveness and the prognosis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Descamps
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL UMR5270, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Jessica Garcia
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CICLY UR3738, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - David Barthelemy
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CICLY UR3738, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Emmanuelle Laurenceau
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL UMR5270, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Léa Payen
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CICLY UR3738, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Damien Le Roy
- Institut Lumière Matière, ILM UMR5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne-Laure Deman
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL UMR5270, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
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Fang Y, Zhu S, Cheng W, Ni Z, Xiang N. Efficient bioparticle extraction using a miniaturized inertial microfluidic centrifuge. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3545-3554. [PMID: 35989675 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00496h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional bioparticle extraction requires labor-intensive operation, and expensive and bulky centrifuges. Herein, we report a miniaturized centrifuge by cascading four paralleled inertial spiral channels with a two-stage serpentine channel, allowing for the efficient washing and acquisition of concentrated bioparticles from background fluids. First, the effects of channel size and flow rate on particle focusing dynamics and solution exchange performances are explored to enable the optimization and wide application of our device. Then, the integrated device is fabricated and tested experimentally. The results indicate that 10-20 μm particles can be washed from the original samples with increased concentrations and with recovery efficiencies of >93%. Finally, to verify its versatility, we use our miniaturized centrifuge to successfully change the culture medium for cultured MCF-7 breast cancer cells, extract A549 lung cancer cells from a calcein-AM staining solution, purify white blood cells (WBCs) from lysed whole blood, and extract target cells from an unbonded magnetic microbead background. Compared with conventional centrifuges, our device has the advantages of simple fabrication, easy operation, and small footprint. More importantly, it offers outstanding capability for extracting bioparticles from various background fluids, and avoids bioparticle damage that may be caused by high-speed centrifugation. Therefore, we envision that our miniaturized centrifuge could be a promising alternative to traditional centrifuges in many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Fang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design, and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Shu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design, and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Weiqi Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design, and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design, and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design, and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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Piao J, Liu L, Cai L, Ri HC, Jin X, Sun H, Piao X, Shang HB, Jin X, Pu Q, Cai Y, Yao Z, Nardiello D, Quinto M, Li D. High-Resolution Micro-object Separation by Rotating Magnetic Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11500-11507. [PMID: 35943850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of new technologies for the separation, selection, and isolation of microparticles such as rare target cells, circulating tumor cells, cancer stem cells, and immune cells has become increasingly important in the last few years. Microparticle separation technologies are usually applied to the analysis of disease-associated cells, but these procedures often face a cell separation problem that is often insufficient for single specific cell analyses. To overcome these limitations, a highly accurate size-based microparticle separation technique, herein called "rotating magnetic chromatography", is proposed in this work. Magnetic nanoparticles, placed in a microfluidic separation channel, are forced to move in well-defined trajectories by an external magnetic field, colliding with microparticles that are in this way separated on the basis of their dimensions with high accuracy and reproducibility. The method was optimized by using fluorescein isothiocyanate-modified polystyrene particles (chosen as a reference standard) and then applied to the analysis of cancer cells like Hep-3B and SK-Hep-1, allowing their fast and high-resolution chromatographic separation as a function of their dimensions. Due to its unmatched sub-micrometer cell separation capabilities, RMC can be considered a break-through technique that can unlock new perspectives in different scientific fields, that is, in medical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishou Piao
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Long Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Hyok Chol Ri
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Xiangzi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Huaze Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Xiangfan Piao
- Engineering College Department of Electronics, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Hai-Bo Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Xuejun Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong Cai
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin province 130012, China
| | - Zhongping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Donatella Nardiello
- DAFNE─Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Quinto
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China.,DAFNE─Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
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Bhat MP, Thendral V, Uthappa UT, Lee KH, Kigga M, Altalhi T, Kurkuri MD, Kant K. Recent Advances in Microfluidic Platform for Physical and Immunological Detection and Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040220. [PMID: 35448280 PMCID: PMC9025399 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CTCs (circulating tumor cells) are well-known for their use in clinical trials for tumor diagnosis. Capturing and isolating these CTCs from whole blood samples has enormous benefits in cancer diagnosis and treatment. In general, various approaches are being used to separate malignant cells, including immunomagnets, macroscale filters, centrifuges, dielectrophoresis, and immunological approaches. These procedures, on the other hand, are time-consuming and necessitate multiple high-level operational protocols. In addition, considering their low efficiency and throughput, the processes of capturing and isolating CTCs face tremendous challenges. Meanwhile, recent advances in microfluidic devices promise unprecedented advantages for capturing and isolating CTCs with greater efficiency, sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy. In this regard, this review article focuses primarily on the various fabrication methodologies involved in microfluidic devices and techniques specifically used to capture and isolate CTCs using various physical and biological methods as well as their conceptual ideas, advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Padmalaya Bhat
- Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India; (M.P.B.); (V.T.); (M.K.)
- Agricultural Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Venkatachalam Thendral
- Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India; (M.P.B.); (V.T.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Kyeong-Hwan Lee
- Agricultural Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Madhuprasad Kigga
- Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India; (M.P.B.); (V.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Tariq Altalhi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahaveer D. Kurkuri
- Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India; (M.P.B.); (V.T.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Krishna Kant
- Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario, CINBIO Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.D.K.); (K.K.)
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8
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Chang L, Li J, Zhang R. Liquid biopsy for early diagnosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma: recent research and detection technologies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Deb R, Sarma B, Dalal A. Magnetowetting dynamics of sessile ferrofluid droplets: a review. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2287-2324. [PMID: 35244655 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01569a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fascinating behavior of ferrofluids in a magnetic field has been intriguing researchers for many years. With the advancement in digital microfluidics, ferrofluid droplets have been extensively used in different applications ranging from biomedical to mechanical systems. Notably, the magnetic field can change the wetting dynamics of sessile ferrofluid droplets, leading to a plethora of interesting hydrodynamic phenomena. In the recent past, the spatiotemporal evolution of the droplet shape and contact line dynamics of a ferrofluid droplet in different magnetowetting scenarios has been explored widely. The relevant studies elucidate several critical aspects, such as the role of magnetic nanoparticles, carrier fluid, and the interaction of the magnetic fluid with the solid surface, among many others. Hence a systematic review of the progress made in understanding the fundamental and practical aspects of magnetowetting in the past decade (2010-2020) would be a helpful resource to the scientific community in the near future. Drawn by this motivation, an honest effort has been made in this Review to highlight the significant scientific findings concerning the sessile droplet magnetowetting phenomena within the timeline of interest. Several cutting-edge applications developed from the scientific findings in the purview of magnetowetting have also been discussed before outlining the conclusions and future areas of scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupresha Deb
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India.
| | - Bhaskarjyoti Sarma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India.
| | - Amaresh Dalal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India.
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10
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Abreu CM, Costa-Silva B, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Caballero D. Microfluidic platforms for extracellular vesicle isolation, analysis and therapy in cancer. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1093-1125. [PMID: 35253032 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00006g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipidic particles packed with proteins, DNA, messenger RNA and microRNAs of their cell of origin that act as critical players in cell-cell communication. These vesicles have been identified as pivotal mediators in cancer progression and the formation of metastatic niches. Hence, their isolation and analysis from circulating biofluids is envisioned as the next big thing in the field of liquid biopsies for early non-invasive diagnosis and patient follow-up. Despite the promise, current benchtop isolation strategies are not compatible with point-of-care testing in a clinical setting. Microfluidic platforms are disruptive technologies capable of recovering, analyzing, and quantifying EVs within clinical samples with limited volume, in a high-throughput manner with elevated sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities. Moreover, they can also be employed for the controlled production of synthetic EVs and effective drug loading to produce EV-based therapies. In this review, we explore the use of microfluidic platforms for the isolation, characterization, and quantification of EVs in cancer, and compare these platforms with the conventional methodologies. We also highlight the state-of-the-art in microfluidic approaches for EV-based cancer therapeutics. Finally, we analyze the currently active or recently completed clinical trials involving EVs for cancer diagnosis, treatment or therapy monitoring and examine the future of EV-based point-of-care testing platforms in the clinic and EV-based therapy production by the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina M Abreu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Champalimaud Physiology and Cancer Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Av. Brasília, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - David Caballero
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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11
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Chen T, Huang C, Wang Y, Wu J. Microfluidic methods for cell separation and subsequent analysis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Yeh PY, Snijders AM, Wang D. ViaChip for Size-based Enrichment of Viable Cells. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2022; 353:131159. [PMID: 34975229 PMCID: PMC8716015 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.131159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Live cells acquire different fates including apoptosis, necrosis, and senescence in response to stress and stimuli. Rapid and label-free enrichment of live cells from a mixture of cells adopting various cell fates remains a challenge. We developed a ViaChip for high-throughput enrichment of Viable cells via size-based separation on a multi-stage microfluidic Chip. Our chip takes advantage of the characteristic increase in cell size during cellular senescence and decreases during apoptosis and necrosis, in comparison to their viable and healthy counterparts. The core component of our ViaChip is a slanted and tunable 3D filter array in the vertical direction (z-gap) for rapid and continuous cell sieving. The shape of the 3D filter array is optimized for target cells to prevent clogging during continuous separation. We demonstrated enrichment of live human and mouse mesenchymal stem cells in culture and from live animals, as well as the removal of senescent and necrotic MSCs, respectively, achieving an enrichment efficiency of ~67% with the continuous flow at 1.5 mL/hour. With further improvements in throughput and separation efficiency, our ViaChip could find applications in cell-based drug screening for anti-cancer and anti-aging cell therapies.
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Xu K, Jiao X, Wang P, Chen C, Chen C. Isolation of circulating tumor cells based on magnetophoresis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Magnetic cell separation has become a key methodology for the isolation of target cell populations from biological suspensions, covering a wide spectrum of applications from diagnosis and therapy in biomedicine to environmental applications or fundamental research in biology. There now exists a great variety of commercially available separation instruments and reagents, which has permitted rapid dissemination of the technology. However, there is still an increasing demand for new tools and protocols which provide improved selectivity, yield and sensitivity of the separation process while reducing cost and providing a faster response. This review aims to introduce basic principles of magnetic cell separation for the neophyte, while giving an overview of recent research in the field, from the development of new cell labeling strategies to the design of integrated microfluidic cell sorters and of point-of-care platforms combining cell selection, capture, and downstream detection. Finally, we focus on clinical, industrial and environmental applications where magnetic cell separation strategies are amongst the most promising techniques to address the challenges of isolating rare cells.
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From Exosomes to Circulating Tumor Cells: Using Microfluidics to Detect High Predictive Cancer Biomarkers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:369-387. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Gungun Lin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney Ultimo New South Wales Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End‐User Analysis at Low Levels Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Stone NE, Raj A, Young KM, DeLuca AP, Chrit FE, Tucker BA, Alexeev A, McDonald J, Benigno BB, Sulchek T. Label-free microfluidic enrichment of cancer cells from non-cancer cells in ascites. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18032. [PMID: 34504124 PMCID: PMC8429413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation of a patient's metastatic cancer cells is the first, enabling step toward treatment of that patient using modern personalized medicine techniques. Whereas traditional standard-of-care approaches select treatments for cancer patients based on the histological classification of cancerous tissue at the time of diagnosis, personalized medicine techniques leverage molecular and functional analysis of a patient's own cancer cells to select treatments with the highest likelihood of being effective. Unfortunately, the pure populations of cancer cells required for these analyses can be difficult to acquire, given that metastatic cancer cells typically reside in fluid containing many different cell populations. Detection and analyses of cancer cells therefore require separation from these contaminating cells. Conventional cell sorting approaches such as Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting or Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting rely on the presence of distinct surface markers on cells of interest which may not be known nor exist for cancer applications. In this work, we present a microfluidic platform capable of label-free enrichment of tumor cells from the ascites fluid of ovarian cancer patients. This approach sorts cells based on differences in biomechanical properties, and therefore does not require any labeling or other pre-sort interference with the cells. The method is also useful in the cases when specific surface markers do not exist for cells of interest. In model ovarian cancer cell lines, the method was used to separate invasive subtypes from less invasive subtypes with an enrichment of ~ sixfold. In ascites specimens from ovarian cancer patients, we found the enrichment protocol resulted in an improved purity of P53 mutant cells indicative of the presence of ovarian cancer cells. We believe that this technology could enable the application of personalized medicine based on analysis of liquid biopsy patient specimens, such as ascites from ovarian cancer patients, for quick evaluation of metastatic disease progression and determination of patient-specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Stone
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Abhishek Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801103, India
| | - Katherine M Young
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0535, USA
| | - Adam P DeLuca
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Fatima Ezahra Chrit
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Budd A Tucker
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Alexander Alexeev
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - John McDonald
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0405, USA
| | | | - Todd Sulchek
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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18
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Imran M, Affandi AM, Alam MM, Khan A, Khan AI. Advanced biomedical applications of iron oxide nanostructures based ferrofluids. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32. [PMID: 34252891 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ferrofluids or magnetic nanofluids are highly stable colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed into various base fluids. These stable ferrofluids possess high thermal conductivity, improved thermo-physical properties, higher colloidal stability, good magnetic properties, and biocompatibility, which are the primary driving forces behind their excellent performance, and thus enable them to be used for a wide range of practical applications. The most studied and advanced ferrofluids are based on iron oxide nanostructures especially NPs, because of their easy and large-scale synthesis at low costs. Although in the last decade, several review articles are available on ferrofluids but mainly focused on preparations, properties, and a specific application. Hence, a collective and comprehensive review article on the recent progress of iron oxide nanostructures based ferrofluids for advanced biomedical applications is undeniably required. In this review, the state of the art of biomedical applications is presented and critically analyzed with a special focus on hyperthermia, drug delivery/nanomedicine, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic separation of cells. This review article provides up-to-date information related to the technological advancements and emerging trends in iron oxide nanostructures based ferrofluids research focused on advanced biomedical applications. Finally, conclusions and outlook of iron oxide nanostructures based ferrofluids research for biomedical applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, PO Box. 706, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Mohammed Affandi
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Mottahir Alam
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou-310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Asif Irshad Khan
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Liu Y, Zhao W, Cheng R, Puig A, Hodgson J, Egan M, Cooper Pope CN, Nikolinakos PG, Mao L. Label-free inertial-ferrohydrodynamic cell separation with high throughput and resolution. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2738-2750. [PMID: 34018527 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and label-free separation of target cells from biological samples provided unique opportunity for disease diagnostics and treatment. However, even with advanced technologies for cell separation, the limited throughput, high cost and low separation resolution still prevented their utility in separating cells with well-defined physical features from a large volume of biological samples. Here we described an ultrahigh-throughput microfluidic technology, termed as inertial-ferrohydrodynamic cell separation (inertial-FCS), that rapidly sorted through over 60 milliliters of samples at a throughput of 100 000 cells per second in a label-free manner, differentiating the cells based on their physical diameter difference with ∼1-2 μm separation resolution. Through the integration of inertial focusing and ferrohydrodynamic separation, we demonstrated that the resulting inertial-FCS devices could separate viable and expandable circulating tumor cells from cancer patients' blood with a high recovery rate and high purity. We also showed that the devices could enrich lymphocytes directly from white blood cells based on their physical morphology without any labeling steps. This label-free method could address the needs of high throughput and high resolution cell separation in circulating tumor cell research and adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Wujun Zhao
- FCS Technology LLC, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Rui Cheng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
| | - Alicia Puig
- Department of Microbiology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Jamie Hodgson
- University Cancer & Blood Center, LLC, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Mary Egan
- University Cancer & Blood Center, LLC, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Leidong Mao
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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20
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Kwon S, Oh J, Lee MS, Um E, Jeong J, Kang JH. Enhanced Diamagnetic Repulsion of Blood Cells Enables Versatile Plasma Separation for Biomarker Analysis in Blood. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100797. [PMID: 33978996 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A hemolysis-free and highly efficient plasma separation platform enabled by enhanced diamagnetic repulsion of blood cells in undiluted whole blood is reported. Complete removal of blood cells from blood plasma is achieved by supplementing blood with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), which turns the blood plasma into a paramagnetic condition, and thus, all blood cells are repelled by magnets. The blood plasma is successfully collected from 4 mL of blood at flow rates up to 100 µL min-1 without losing plasma proteins, platelets, or exosomes with 83.3±1.64% of plasma volume recovery, which is superior over the conventional microfluidic methods. The theoretical model elucidates the diamagnetic repulsion of blood cells considering hematocrit-dependent viscosity, which allows to determine a range of optimal flow rates to harvest platelet-rich plasma and platelet-free plasma. For clinical validations, it is demonstrated that the method enables the greater recovery of bacterial DNA from the infected blood than centrifugation and the immunoassay in whole blood without prior plasma separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyong Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eujin Um
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwoo Jeong
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo H Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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21
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Wang N, Liu R, Asmare N, Chu CH, Civelekoglu O, Sarioglu AF. Closed-loop feedback control of microfluidic cell manipulation via deep-learning integrated sensor networks. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1916-1928. [PMID: 34008660 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies have long enabled the manipulation of flow-driven cells en masse under a variety of force fields with the goal of characterizing them or discriminating the pathogenic ones. On the other hand, a microfluidic platform is typically designed to function under optimized conditions, which rarely account for specimen heterogeneity and internal/external perturbations. In this work, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle adaptive microfluidic system that consists of an integrated network of distributed electrical sensors for on-chip tracking of cells and closed-loop feedback control that modulates chip parameters based on the sensor data. In our system, cell flow speed is measured at multiple locations throughout the device, the data is interpreted in real-time via deep learning-based algorithms, and a proportional-integral feedback controller updates a programmable pressure pump to maintain a desired cell flow speed. We validate the adaptive microfluidic system with both static and dynamic targets and also observe a fast convergence of the system under continuous external perturbations. With an ability to sustain optimal processing conditions in unsupervised settings, adaptive microfluidic systems would be less prone to artifacts and could eventually serve as reliable standardized biomedical tests at the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningquan Wang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Ruxiu Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Norh Asmare
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Chia-Heng Chu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Ozgun Civelekoglu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - A Fatih Sarioglu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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22
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Liu Y, Zhao W, Cheng R, Harris BN, Murrow JR, Hodgson J, Egan M, Bankey A, Nikolinakos PG, Laver T, Meichner K, Mao L. Fundamentals of integrated ferrohydrodynamic cell separation in circulating tumor cell isolation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1706-1723. [PMID: 33720269 PMCID: PMC8102387 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00119a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Methods to separate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples were intensively researched in order to understand the metastatic process and develop corresponding clinical assays. However current methods faced challenges that stemmed from CTCs' heterogeneity in their biological markers and physical morphologies. To this end, we developed integrated ferrohydrodynamic cell separation (iFCS), a scheme that separated CTCs independent of their surface antigen expression and physical characteristics. iFCS integrated both diamagnetophoresis of CTCs and magnetophoresis of blood cells together via a magnetic liquid medium, ferrofluid, whose magnetization could be tuned by adjusting its magnetic volume concentration. In this paper, we presented the fundamental theory of iFCS and its specific application in CTC separation. Governing equations of iFCS were developed to guide its optimization process. Three critical parameters that affected iFCS's cell separation performance were determined and validated theoretically and experimentally. These parameters included the sample flow rate, the volumetric concentration of magnetic materials in the ferrofluid, and the gradient of the magnetic flux density. We determined these optimized parameters in an iFCS device that led to a high recovery CTC separation in both spiked and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Wujun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rui Cheng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Bryana N Harris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - Jonathan R Murrow
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University - The University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jamie Hodgson
- University Cancer & Blood Center, LLC, Athens, GA 30607, USA
| | - Mary Egan
- University Cancer & Blood Center, LLC, Athens, GA 30607, USA
| | | | | | - Travis Laver
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kristina Meichner
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Leidong Mao
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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23
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Cho HY, Choi JH, Lim J, Lee SN, Choi JW. Microfluidic Chip-Based Cancer Diagnosis and Prediction of Relapse by Detecting Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1385. [PMID: 33803846 PMCID: PMC8003176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been considered one of the best biomarkers in liquid biopsy for early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring in cancer. A major challenge of using CTCs is detecting extremely low-concentrated targets in the presence of high noise factors such as serum and hematopoietic cells. This review provides a selective overview of the recent progress in the design of microfluidic devices with optical sensing tools and their application in the detection and analysis of CTCs and their small malignant subset, circulating cancer stem cells (CCSCs). Moreover, discussion of novel strategies to analyze the differentiation of circulating cancer stem cells will contribute to an understanding of metastatic cancer, which can help clinicians to make a better assessment. We believe that the topic discussed in this review can provide brief guideline for the development of microfluidic-based optical biosensors in cancer prognosis monitoring and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Yeol Cho
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bio-health Convergence, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (J.-H.C.); (J.L.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Joungpyo Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (J.-H.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Sang-Nam Lee
- Uniance Gene Inc., 1107 Teilhard Hall, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (J.-H.C.); (J.L.)
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24
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25
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Abdulla A, Zhang T, Ahmad KZ, Li S, Lou J, Ding X. Label-free Separation of Circulating Tumor Cells Using a Self-Amplified Inertial Focusing (SAIF) Microfluidic Chip. Anal Chem 2020; 92:16170-16179. [PMID: 33232155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are rare cells existing in the bloodstream with a relatively low number, which facilitate as a predictor of cancer progress. However, it is difficult to obtain highly purified intact CTCs with desired viability due to the low percentage of CTCs among blood cells. In this work, we demonstrate a novel self-amplified inertial focused (SAIF) microfluidic chip that enables size-based, high-throughput, label-free separation of CTCs from a patient's blood. The SAIF chip introduced in this study demonstrated the feasibility of an extremely narrow zigzag channel (with 40 μm channel width) connected with two expansion regions to effectively separate different-sized cells with amplified separation distance. The chip performance was optimized with different-sized polystyrene (PS) particles and blood cells spiked with three different types of cancer cells. The separation efficiencies for blood cells and spiked cancer cells are higher than 80%. Recovery rates of cancer cells were tested by spiking 1500 lung cancer cells (A549), breast cancer cells (MCF-7), and cervical cancer cells (HeLa) separately to 3 mL 0.09% saline with 3 × 106 white blood cells (WBCs). The recovery rates for larger cells (MCF-7 and HeLa) were 79.1 and 85.4%, respectively. Viabilities of the cells harvested from outlets were all higher than 97% after culturing for 24, 48, and 72 h. The SAIF chip performance was further confirmed using the real clinical patient blood samples from four lung cancer patients. Theoretical force balance analysis in physics, computational simulations, and experimental observations indicate that the SAIF chip is simple but effective, and high-throughput separation CTCs can be readily achieved without complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Abdulla
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1954, Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1954, Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Khan Zara Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1954, Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1954, Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiatao Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1954, Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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26
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Liu Y, Zhao W, Cheng R, Logun M, Zayas-Viera MDM, Karumbaiah L, Mao L. Label-free ferrohydrodynamic separation of exosome-like nanoparticles. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3187-3201. [PMID: 32844860 PMCID: PMC7493820 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of exosomes from biological samples provides a minimally-invasive alternative for basic understanding, diagnosis, and prognosis of metastatic cancers. The biology and clinical values of exosomes are under intensive investigation, yet most studies are limited by technical challenges in recovering these exosomes with heterogeneous sizes and cargos from biological samples. We report a novel method based on "particle ferrohydrodynamics" and its associated microfluidic device, termed as the FerroChip, which can separate exosome-like nanoparticles from microliters of cell culture media and human serum in a label-free, continuous-flow and size-dependent manner, and achieves a high recovery rate (94.3%) and a high purity (87.9%). Separated exosome-like nanoparticles had diameters, morphology, and protein expressions that were consistent with other reports. This method, upon further molecular characterization, could potentially facilitate basic understanding of exosomes and its clinical application in blood liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Wujun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rui Cheng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Meghan Logun
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA and Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Lohitash Karumbaiah
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA and Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA and Edgar L. Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Leidong Mao
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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27
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Nasiri R, Shamloo A, Ahadian S, Amirifar L, Akbari J, Goudie MJ, Lee K, Ashammakhi N, Dokmeci MR, Di Carlo D, Khademhosseini A. Microfluidic-Based Approaches in Targeted Cell/Particle Separation Based on Physical Properties: Fundamentals and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000171. [PMID: 32529791 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell separation is a key step in many biomedical research areas including biotechnology, cancer research, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery. While conventional cell sorting approaches have led to high-efficiency sorting by exploiting the cell's specific properties, microfluidics has shown great promise in cell separation by exploiting different physical principles and using different properties of the cells. In particular, label-free cell separation techniques are highly recommended to minimize cell damage and avoid costly and labor-intensive steps of labeling molecular signatures of cells. In general, microfluidic-based cell sorting approaches can separate cells using "intrinsic" (e.g., fluid dynamic forces) versus "extrinsic" external forces (e.g., magnetic, electric field, etc.) and by using different properties of cells including size, density, deformability, shape, as well as electrical, magnetic, and compressibility/acoustic properties to select target cells from a heterogeneous cell population. In this work, principles and applications of the most commonly used label-free microfluidic-based cell separation methods are described. In particular, applications of microfluidic methods for the separation of circulating tumor cells, blood cells, immune cells, stem cells, and other biological cells are summarized. Computational approaches complementing such microfluidic methods are also explained. Finally, challenges and perspectives to further develop microfluidic-based cell separation methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohollah Nasiri
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Leyla Amirifar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Javad Akbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Marcus J Goudie
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - KangJu Lee
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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28
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Luo L, He Y. Magnetically driven microfluidics for isolation of circulating tumor cells. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4207-4231. [PMID: 32325536 PMCID: PMC7300401 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) largely contribute to cancer metastasis and show potential prognostic significance in cancer isolation and detection. Miniaturization has progressed significantly in the last decade which in turn enabled the development of several microfluidic systems. The microfluidic systems offer a controlled microenvironment for studies of fundamental cell biology, resulting in the rapid development of microfluidic isolation of CTCs. Due to the inherent ability of magnets to provide forces at a distance, the technology of CTCs isolation based on the magnetophoresis mechanism has become a routine methodology. This historical review aims to introduce two principles of magnetic isolation and recent techniques, facilitating research in this field and providing alternatives for researchers in their study of magnetic isolation. Researchers intend to promote effective CTC isolation and analysis as well as active development of next-generation cancer treatment. The first part of this review summarizes the primary principles based on positive and negative magnetophoretic isolation and describes the metrics for isolation performance. The second part presents a detailed overview of the factors that affect the performance of CTC magnetic isolation, including the magnetic field sources, functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic fluids, and magnetically driven microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laan Luo
- School of Chemical EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Yongqing He
- School of Chemical EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano System and Intelligent SensingChongqing Technology and Business UniversityChongqingChina
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29
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Xue C, Sun Z, Li Y, Chen J, Liu B, Qin K. Separation of micro and sub‐micro diamagnetic particles in dual ferrofluid streams based on negative magnetophoresis. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:909-916. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Dong Xue
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation ScienceDalian University of Technology Dalian P. R. China
| | - Zhong‐Ping Sun
- School of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yong‐Jiang Li
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation ScienceDalian University of Technology Dalian P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Feng Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian P. R. China
| | - Kai‐Rong Qin
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation ScienceDalian University of Technology Dalian P. R. China
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30
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Shamloo A, Besanjideh M. Investigation of a Novel Microfluidic Device for Label-Free Ferrohydrodynamic Cell Separation on a Rotating Disk. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:372-378. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2913670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Zhu S, Jiang F, Han Y, Xiang N, Ni Z. Microfluidics for label-free sorting of rare circulating tumor cells. Analyst 2020; 145:7103-7124. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01148g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A review discussing the working principles and performances of label-free CTC sorting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Fengtao Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
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32
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Xuan X. Recent Advances in Continuous-Flow Particle Manipulations Using Magnetic Fluids. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E744. [PMID: 31683660 PMCID: PMC6915689 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic field-induced particle manipulation is simple and economic as compared to other techniques (e.g., electric, acoustic, and optical) for lab-on-a-chip applications. However, traditional magnetic controls require the particles to be manipulated being magnetizable, which renders it necessary to magnetically label particles that are almost exclusively diamagnetic in nature. In the past decade, magnetic fluids including paramagnetic solutions and ferrofluids have been increasingly used in microfluidic devices to implement label-free manipulations of various types of particles (both synthetic and biological). We review herein the recent advances in this field with focus upon the continuous-flow particle manipulations. Specifically, we review the reported studies on the negative magnetophoresis-induced deflection, focusing, enrichment, separation, and medium exchange of diamagnetic particles in the continuous flow of magnetic fluids through microchannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA.
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33
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WANG ZL, DING P, GAO T, CHEN CC, CAO Y, SUN N, PEI RJ. Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells by Hydrogel-Nanofiber Substrate. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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34
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Zhao W, Liu Y, Jenkins BD, Cheng R, Harris BN, Zhang W, Xie J, Murrow JR, Hodgson J, Egan M, Bankey A, Nikolinakos PG, Ali HY, Meichner K, Newman LA, Davis MB, Mao L. Tumor antigen-independent and cell size variation-inclusive enrichment of viable circulating tumor cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1860-1876. [PMID: 31041975 PMCID: PMC6590080 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood provides a minimally-invasive alternative for basic understanding, diagnosis, and prognosis of metastatic cancer. The roles and clinical values of CTCs are under intensive investigation, yet most studies are limited by technical challenges in the comprehensive enrichment of intact and viable CTCs with minimal white blood cell (WBC) contamination. Here, we report a novel method based on contrast of cell magnetization in biocompatible ferrofluids (a colloidal magnetic nanoparticle suspension), termed as integrated ferrohydrodynamic cell separation (iFCS), that enriches CTCs in a tumor antigen-independent and cell size variation-inclusive manner, achieves a high throughput (12 mL h-1), high recovery rate (99.08% at down to ∼10 cells per mL spike ratio), and low WBC contamination (533 cells for every one milliliter blood processed) and is biocompatible. This method will enable large cohort research to define the clinical and diagnostic value of CTC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Rui Cheng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Bryana N. Harris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - Weizhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Murrow
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University-The University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jamie Hodgson
- University Cancer & Blood Center, LLC, Athens, GA, 30607
| | - Mary Egan
- University Cancer & Blood Center, LLC, Athens, GA, 30607
| | - Ana Bankey
- University Cancer & Blood Center, LLC, Athens, GA, 30607
| | | | - Haythem Y. Ali
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Kristina Meichner
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lisa A. Newman
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Melissa B. Davis
- Department of Genetics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System and Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Leidong Mao
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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35
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Zhou W, Liu Y, Ran M, Zhao X, Li H, Li H, Wang W. Rapid liquid biopsy for Mohs surgery: rare target cell separation from surgical margin lavage fluid with a high recovery rate and selectivity. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:974-983. [PMID: 30694285 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01335g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In melanoma surgery, it is difficult to identify residual scattered tumor cells at the surgical margin because of invasive growth. Mohs surgery, widely applied to increase the cure rate and decrease the recurrence rate of melanoma, involves examination of the tissue for tumor cells after tissue removal. Here, we established a liquid biopsy platform for rapid (<5 h), sensitive examination of residual tumor cells at the margin after Mohs surgery using clinical samples from patients with pigment nevus for a demonstration. The design involved highly sensitive, selective rare target cell separation from surgical margin lavage fluid (SMLF) through micropore-arrayed filtration. High recovery rates (86.7% ± 16.3% and 72.7% ± 46.7%, respectively) for separation of spiked 5 A375s (cultured human melanoma cells) and 1 A375 from 1 mL PBS were achieved for this platform. Detection of SMLF samples from patients with pigment nevus was performed, and many (66-7420) Melan-A-positive target cells were successfully recovered and identified, demonstrating the application performance of this rapid liquid biopsy for Mohs surgery in clinical practice. Moreover, a high-selectivity separation of larger target A375 cells from smaller background Jurkat cells was achieved with a high enrichment factor (4.2 ± 1.1). In clinical practice, high selectivity contributes to effective depletion of red blood cells (RBCs), thus ensuring verification of target cells from samples with severe RBC contamination. Furthermore, target cells were obtained with high purity (2.7-35.2%). The capability of this method for rare-cell separation with a high recovery rate and good selectivity may facilitate improvement of performance of Mohs surgery for real clinical practice, including shortening examination time and increasing detection sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhou
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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36
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Dalili A, Samiei E, Hoorfar M. A review of sorting, separation and isolation of cells and microbeads for biomedical applications: microfluidic approaches. Analyst 2019; 144:87-113. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have reviewed the microfluidic approaches for cell/particle isolation and sorting, and extensively explained the mechanism behind each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Dalili
- The University of British
- School of Engineering
- Kelowna
- Canada V1 V 1 V7
| | - Ehsan Samiei
- University of Victoria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Victoria
- Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- The University of British
- School of Engineering
- Kelowna
- Canada V1 V 1 V7
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37
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Yaman S, Anil-Inevi M, Ozcivici E, Tekin HC. Magnetic Force-Based Microfluidic Techniques for Cellular and Tissue Bioengineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:192. [PMID: 30619842 PMCID: PMC6305723 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Live cell manipulation is an important biotechnological tool for cellular and tissue level bioengineering applications due to its capacity for guiding cells for separation, isolation, concentration, and patterning. Magnetic force-based cell manipulation methods offer several advantages, such as low adverse effects on cell viability and low interference with the cellular environment. Furthermore, magnetic-based operations can be readily combined with microfluidic principles by precisely allowing control over the spatiotemporal distribution of physical and chemical factors for cell manipulation. In this review, we present recent applications of magnetic force-based cell manipulation in cellular and tissue bioengineering with an emphasis on applications with microfluidic components. Following an introduction of the theoretical background of magnetic manipulation, components of magnetic force-based cell manipulation systems are described. Thereafter, different applications, including separation of certain cell fractions, enrichment of rare cells, and guidance of cells into specific macro- or micro-arrangements to mimic natural cell organization and function, are explained. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and limitations of magnetic cell manipulation technologies in microfluidic devices with an outlook on future developments in the field.
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38
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Liu Y, Li T, Xu M, Zhang W, Xiong Y, Nie L, Wang Q, Li H, Wang W. A high-throughput liquid biopsy for rapid rare cell separation from large-volume samples. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 19:68-78. [PMID: 30516210 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01048j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy techniques for rare tumor cell separation from body fluids have shown enormous promise in cancer detection and prognosis monitoring. This work established a high-throughput liquid biopsy platform with a high recovery rate and a high cell viability based on a previously reported 2.5D micropore-arrayed filtration membrane. Thanks to its high porosity (>40.2%, edge-to-edge space between the adjacent micropores <4 μm), the achieved filtration throughputs can reach >110 mL min-1 for aqueous samples and >17 mL min-1 for undiluted whole blood, only driven by gravity with no need for any extra pressure loading. The recoveries of rare lung tumor cells (A549s) spiked in PBS (10 mL), unprocessed BALF (10 mL) and whole blood (5 mL) show high recovery rates (88.0 ± 3.7%, 86.0 ± 5.3% and 83.2 ± 6.2%, respectively, n = 5 for every trial) and prove the high performance of this platform. Successful detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from whole blood samples (5 mL) of lung cancer patients (n = 5) was demonstrated. In addition, it was both numerically and experimentally proved that a small edge-to-edge space was significant to improve the viability of the recovered cells and the purity of the target cell recovery, which was reported for the first time to the best of the authors' knowledge. This high-throughput technique will expand the detecting targets of liquid biopsy from the presently focused CTCs in whole blood to the exfoliated tumor cells (ETCs) in other large-volume clinical samples, such as BALF, urine and pleural fluid. Meanwhile, the technique is easy to operate and ready for integration with other separation and analysis tools to fulfill a powerful system for practical clinical applications of liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoping Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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39
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Agnihotri P, Tala R, Doot P, Lad VN. Microfluidics for selective concentration of nanofluid streams containing magnetic nanoparticles. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1529041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Agnihotri
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology – Surat, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Ridhdhi Tala
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology – Surat, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyanka Doot
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology – Surat, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - V. N. Lad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology – Surat, Surat, Gujarat, India
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40
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Zou D, Cui D. Advances in isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells based on microfluidics. Cancer Biol Med 2018; 15:335-353. [PMID: 30766747 PMCID: PMC6372907 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the cancer cells that circulate in the peripheral blood after escaping from the original or metastatic tumors. CTCs could be used as non-invasive source of clinical information in early diagnosis of cancer and evaluation of cancer development. In recent years, CTC research has become a hotspot field wherein many novel CTC detection technologies based on microfluidics have been developed. Great advances have been made that exhibit obvious technical advantages, but cannot yet satisfy the current clinical requirements. In this study, we review the main advances in isolation and detection methods of CTC based on microfluidics research over several years, propose five technical indicators for evaluating these methods, and explore the application prospects. We also discuss the concepts, issues, approaches, advantages, limitations, and challenges with an aim of stimulating a broader interest in developing microfluidics-based CTC detection technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zou
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Instrument for Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Instrument for Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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41
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Gómez-Pastora J, González-Fernández C, Real E, Iles A, Bringas E, Furlani EP, Ortiz I. Computational modeling and fluorescence microscopy characterization of a two-phase magnetophoretic microsystem for continuous-flow blood detoxification. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1593-1606. [PMID: 29748668 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00396c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic beads can be functionalized to capture and separate target pathogens from blood for extracorporeal detoxification. The beads can be magnetically separated from a blood stream and collected into a coflowing buffer solution using a two-phase liquid-liquid continuous-flow microfluidic device in the presence of an external field. However, device design and process optimization, i.e. high bead recovery with minimum blood loss or dilution remain a substantial technological challenge. We introduce a CFD-based Eulerian-Lagrangian computational model that enables the rational design and optimization of such systems. The model takes into account dominant magnetic and hydrodynamic forces on the beads as well as coupled bead-fluid interactions. Fluid flow (Navier-Stokes equations) and mass transfer (Fick's law) between the coflowing fluids are solved numerically, while the magnetic force on the beads is predicted using analytical methods. The model is demonstrated via application to a prototype device and used to predict key performance metrics; degree of bead separation, flow patterns, and mass transfer, i.e. blood diffusion to the buffer phase. The impact of different process variables and parameters - flow rates, bead and magnet dimensions and fluid viscosities - on both bead recovery and blood loss or dilution is quantified for the first time. The performance of the prototype device is characterized using fluorescence microscopy and the experimental results are found to match theoretical predictions within an absolute error of 15%. While the model is demonstrated here for analysis of a detoxification device, it can be readily adapted to a broad range of magnetically-enabled microfluidic applications, e.g. bioseparation, sorting and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Gómez-Pastora
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
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42
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Munaz A, Shiddiky MJA, Nguyen NT. Recent advances and current challenges in magnetophoresis based micro magnetofluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:031501. [PMID: 29983837 PMCID: PMC6013300 DOI: 10.1063/1.5035388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The combination of magnetism and microscale fluid flow has opened up a new era for handling and manipulation of samples in microfluidics. In particular, magnetophoresis, the migration of particles in a magnetic field, is extremely attractive for microfluidic handling due to its contactless nature, independence of ionic concentration, and lack of induced heating. The present paper focuses on recent advances and current challenges of magnetophoresis and highlights the key parameters affecting the manipulation of particles by magnetophoresis. The magnetic field is discussed according to their relative motion to the sample as stationary and dynamic fields. The migration of particles is categorized as positive and negative magnetophoresis. The applications of magnetophoresis are discussed according to the basic manipulation tasks such as mixing, separation, and trapping of particles or cells. Finally, the paper highlights the limitations of current approaches and provides the future perspective for this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Munaz
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | | | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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43
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Chen Q, Li D, Zielinski J, Kozubowski L, Lin J, Wang M, Xuan X. Yeast cell fractionation by morphology in dilute ferrofluids. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:064102. [PMID: 29152030 PMCID: PMC5680049 DOI: 10.1063/1.5006445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Morphology is an important particle (both biological and synthetic) property and potentially a useful marker for label-free particle separation. We present in this work a continuous-flow morphology-based fractionation of a heterogeneous mixture of drug-treated yeast cells in dilute ferrofluids. Such a diamagnetic cell separation technique utilizes the negative magnetophoretic motion to direct pre-focused yeast cells to morphology-dependent streamlines in a laminar flow. The separation performance is evaluated by comparing the exiting positions of the four classified groups of yeast cells: Singles, Doubles, Triples, and Others. We also develop a three-dimensional numerical model to simulate the separation process by the use of the experimentally determined correction factor for each group of non-spherical cells. The determining factors in this separation are studied both experimentally and numerically, the results of which show a reasonable agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Di Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
| | - Jessica Zielinski
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0318, USA
| | - Lukasz Kozubowski
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0318, USA
| | - Jianhan Lin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Maohua Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
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44
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Munaz A, Kamble H, Shiddiky MJA, Nguyen NT. Magnetofluidic micromixer based on a complex rotating magnetic field. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08073e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a magnetically actuated micromixer for mixing non-magnetic microparticles in a microfluidic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Munaz
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Harshad Kamble
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
- School of Natural Sciences
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
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