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Geist N, Nagel F, Delcea M. Molecular interplay of ADAMTS13-MDTCS and von willebrand Factor-A2: deepened insights from extensive atomistic simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8201-8214. [PMID: 36271641 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2135138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare and life-threatening disease. One hallmark is severe ADAMTS13 deficiency, causing ultra-large von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers to accumulate, leading to microthrombi and lastly to microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and severe thrombocytopenia. Despite great success in recent decades, the molecular picture of the interaction between VWF and ADAMTS13 remains vague. Here, we utilized modern replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations with the TIGER2h method to sample a vast configurational space of the isolated ADAMTS13-MDTCS domains and the exposure to its substrate and activating cofactor - the unraveled VWF-A2 domain. The sampling of binding sites and conformations was guided and filtered in agreement with available experimental evidence. We provide comprehensive information on exosites for each domain and direct pairs of interacting amino acids, for the first time. The major binding cluster for the active site of the MP domain contrasts the previous mapping of VWF-A2 residues and reciprocal binding pockets. Two major binding modes are revealed and provide access to conformational changes of an extended gatekeeper tetrad upon overcoming local latency during substrate binding and to a dedicated recruitment mechanism. Our work adds the first molecular interaction model that places previous experimental results in perspective to better understand disease-related mutations towards improved therapies. Numerous empirical targets are proposed to verify the given binding modes, to refine the overall picture of MP binding pockets, the role of Dis binding in MP activation and the passage of the Cys-rich domain through VWF-A2, thus deepening the understanding of a highly dynamic interplay.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Geist
- University of Greifswald, Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Nagel
- University of Greifswald, Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mihaela Delcea
- University of Greifswald, Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
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Stoichiometric Thiol Redox Proteomics for Quantifying Cellular Responses to Perturbations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030499. [PMID: 33807006 PMCID: PMC8004825 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications regulate the structure and function of proteins that can result in changes to the activity of different pathways. These include modifications altering the redox state of thiol groups on protein cysteine residues, which are sensitive to oxidative environments. While mass spectrometry has advanced the identification of protein thiol modifications and expanded our knowledge of redox-sensitive pathways, the quantitative aspect of this technique is critical for the field of redox proteomics. In this review, we describe how mass spectrometry-based redox proteomics has enabled researchers to accurately quantify the stoichiometry of reversible oxidative modifications on specific cysteine residues of proteins. We will describe advancements in the methodology that allow for the absolute quantitation of thiol modifications, as well as recent reports that have implemented this approach. We will also highlight the significance and application of such measurements and why they are informative for the field of redox biology.
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Multiple Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) Reactivations Induce Protein Oxidative Damage in Mouse Brain: Novel Mechanisms for Alzheimer's Disease Progression. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8070972. [PMID: 32610629 PMCID: PMC7409037 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence supports the role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Interestingly, Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), a neurotropic virus that establishes a lifelong latent infection in the trigeminal ganglion followed by periodic reactivations, has been reportedly linked both to AD and to oxidative stress conditions. Herein, we analyzed, through biochemical and redox proteomic approaches, the mouse model of recurrent HSV-1 infection we previously set up, to investigate whether multiple virus reactivations induced oxidative stress in the mouse brain and affected protein function and related intracellular pathways. Following multiple HSV-1 reactivations, we found in mouse brains increased levels of oxidative stress hallmarks, including 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), and 13 HNE-modified proteins whose levels were found significantly altered in the cortex of HSV-1-infected mice compared to controls. We focused on two proteins previously linked to AD pathogenesis, i.e., glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and collapsin response-mediated protein 2 (CRMP2), which are involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and in microtubule stabilization, respectively. We found that recurrent HSV-1 infection disables GRP78 function and activates the UPR, whereas it prevents CRMP2 function in mouse brains. Overall, these data suggest that repeated HSV-1 reactivation into the brain may contribute to neurodegeneration also through oxidative damage.
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Gellert M, Richter E, Mostertz J, Kantz L, Masur K, Hanschmann EM, Ribback S, Kroeger N, Schaeffeler E, Winter S, Hochgräfe F, Schwab M, Lillig CH. The cytosolic isoform of glutaredoxin 2 promotes cell migration and invasion. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129599. [PMID: 32173377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKROUND Cytosolic glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2c) controls axonal outgrowth and is specifically induced in many cancer cell lines. We thus hypothesized that Grx2c promotes cell motility and invasiveness. METHODS We characterized the impact of Grx2c expression in cell culture models. We combined stable isotope labeling, phosphopeptide enrichment, and high-accuracy mass spectrometry to characterize the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS The most prominent associations were found with actin dynamics, cellular adhesion, and receptor-mediated signal transduction, processes that are crucial for cell motility. For instance, collapsin response mediator protein 2, a protein involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, is regulated by Grx2c through a redox switch that controls the phosphorylation state of the protein as well. Cell lines expressing Grx2c showed dramatic alterations in morphology. These cells migrated two-fold faster and gained the ability to infiltrate a collagen matrix. CONCLUSIONS The expression of Grx2c promotes cell migration, and may negatively correlate with cancer-specific survival. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results imply critical roles of Grx2c in cytoskeletal dynamics, cell adhesion, and cancer cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gellert
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University Greifswald, Germany
| | - Erik Richter
- Competence Center Functional Genomics, Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, University Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jörg Mostertz
- Competence Center Functional Genomics, Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, University Greifswald, Germany
| | - Liane Kantz
- Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kai Masur
- Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Nils Kroeger
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University Greifswald, Germany; Clinic for Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Falko Hochgräfe
- Competence Center Functional Genomics, Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, University Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, and Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Horst Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University Greifswald, Germany.
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Pace PE, Peskin AV, Konigstorfer A, Jasoni CJ, Winterbourn CC, Hampton MB. Peroxiredoxin interaction with the cytoskeletal-regulatory protein CRMP2: Investigation of a putative redox relay. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:383-393. [PMID: 30315937 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a signaling molecule in cells by oxidising cysteine residues in regulatory proteins such as phosphatases, kinases and transcription factors. It is unclear exactly how many of these proteins are specifically targeted by H2O2 because they appear too unreactive to be directly oxidised. One proposal is that peroxiredoxins (Prxs) initially react with H2O2 and then oxidise adjacent proteins via a thiol relay mechanism. The aim of this study was to identify constitutive interaction partners of Prx2 in Jurkat T-lymphoma cells, in which thiol protein oxidation occurs at low micromolar concentrations of H2O2. Immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays identified a physical interaction between collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) and cytoplasmic Prx2. CRMP2 regulates microtubule structure during lymphocyte migration and neuronal development. Exposure of Jurkat cells to low micromolar levels of H2O2 caused rapid and reversible oxidation of CRMP2, in parallel with Prx2 oxidation, despite purified recombinant CRMP2 protein reacting slowly with H2O2 (k~1 M-1s-1). Lowering Prx expression should inhibit oxidation of proteins oxidised by a relay mechanism, however knockout of Prx2 had no effect on CRMP2 oxidation. CRMP2 also interacted with Prx1, suggesting redundancy in single knockout cells. Prx 1 and 2 double knockout Jurkat cells were not viable. An interaction between Prx2 and CRMP2 was also detected in other human and rodent cells, including primary neurons. However, low concentrations of H2O2 did not cause CRMP2 oxidation in these cells. This indicates a cell-type specific mechanism for promoting CRMP2 oxidation in Jurkat cells, with insufficient evidence to attribute oxidation to a Prx-dependent redox relay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Pace
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Alexander V Peskin
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andreas Konigstorfer
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christine J Jasoni
- Department of Anatomy and Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christine C Winterbourn
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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