1
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Cunha ES, Mazepa E, Batista M, Marchini FK, Martinez GR. Redox proteomics in melanoma cells: An optimized protocol. Anal Biochem 2024; 691:115543. [PMID: 38636731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer development and progression are intimately related with post-translational protein modifications, e.g., highly reactive thiol moiety of cysteines enables structural rearrangements resulting in redox biological switches. In this context, redox proteomics techniques, such as 2D redox DIGE, biotin switch assay and OxIcat are fundamental tools to identify and quantify redox-sensitive proteins and to understand redox mechanisms behind thiol modifications. Given the great variability in redox proteomics protocols, problems including decreased resolution of peptides and low protein amounts even after enrichment steps may occur. Considering the biological importance of thiol's oxidation in melanoma, we adapted the biotin-switch assay technique for melanoma cells in order to overcome the limitations and improve coverage of detected proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências (Bioquímica), UFPR, Brazil
| | - E Mazepa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências (Bioquímica), UFPR, Brazil
| | - M Batista
- Laboratório de Ciências e Tecnologias Aplicadas Em Saúde (LaCTAS), Instituto Carlos Chagas - FIOCRUZ/PR, Brazil
| | - F K Marchini
- Laboratório de Ciências e Tecnologias Aplicadas Em Saúde (LaCTAS), Instituto Carlos Chagas - FIOCRUZ/PR, Brazil
| | - G R Martinez
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências (Bioquímica), UFPR, Brazil.
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2
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Glover MR, Davies MJ, Fuentes-Lemus E. Oxidation of the active site cysteine residue of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to the hyper-oxidized sulfonic acid form is favored under crowded conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:1-9. [PMID: 38122871 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a key cellular enzyme, with major roles in both glycolysis, and 'moonlighting' activities in the nucleus (uracil DNA glycosylase activity, nuclear protein nitrosylation), as a regulator of mRNA stability, a transferrin receptor, and as an antimicrobial agent. These activities are dependent, at least in part, on the integrity of an active site Cys residue, and a second neighboring Cys. These residues are differentially sensitive to oxidation, and determine both its catalytic activity and the redox signaling capacity of the protein. Such Cys modification is critical to cellular adaptation to oxidative environments by re-routing metabolic pathways to favor NADPH generation and antioxidant defenses. Despite the susceptibility of GAPDH to oxidation, it remains a puzzle as to how this enzyme acts as a redox signaling hub for oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of high concentrations of specialized high-efficiency peroxide-removing enzymes. One possibility is that crowded environments, such as the cell cytosol, alter the oxidation pathways of GAPDH. In this study, we investigated the role of crowding (induced by dextran) on H2O2- and SIN-1-induced GAPDH oxidation, with data for crowded and dilute conditions compared. LC-MS/MS data revealed a lower extent of modification of the catalytic Cys under crowded conditions (i.e. less monomer units modified), but enhanced formation of the sulfonic acid resulting from hyper-oxidation. This effect was not observed with SIN-1. These data indicate that molecular crowding can modulate the oxidation pathways of GAPDH and its extent of oxidation and inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia R Glover
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
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3
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Averill-Bates D. Reactive oxygen species and cell signaling. Review. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024; 1871:119573. [PMID: 37949302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a term encompassing a group of highly reactive oxygen-derived molecules. In physiological systems, ROS production exists in concert with antioxidant defenses, which safeguard cells against higher, toxic levels of ROS. Oxidative stress, coined as "oxidative distress", is "a serious imbalance between the generation of ROS and antioxidant defenses in favor of ROS, causing excessive oxidative damage to biomolecules". At physiological levels, ROS are essential for many cellular processes, which is known as "oxidative eustress". Oxidants like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) activate signaling pathways like mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)s and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt). ROS activate transcription factors like nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Redox signaling through H2O2 mainly occurs through reversible oxidation of protein cysteine thiolate residues (RS-) to form sulfenic acids (RSOH). An unresolved question is that the reaction rate of H2O2 with protein thiols is very low. In cells, the reaction of H2O2 with protein thiols is likely to be outcompeted by faster reactions of H2O2 with peroxiredoxins and glutathione peroxidases. A novel mechanism being explored is that H2O2 could react with peroxiredoxins that act as reactive redox sensor proteins, leading to peroxiredoxin-mediated relays. Very few redox signaling pathways have been well characterized. Improved understanding of precise mechanisms by which ROS regulate signaling pathways and the role of cellular sensors, is essential for deciphering their roles in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Averill-Bates
- Département des sciences biologiques (Center of Excellence in Orphan Diseases Research - Courtois Foundation (CERMO(FC)), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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4
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Manzoor A, Haque A, Ahmad S, Hopkins DL. Incorporation of betel leaf extract provides oxidative stability and improves phytochemical, textural, sensory and antimicrobial activities of buffalo meat sausages. Meat Sci 2023; 200:109157. [PMID: 36913796 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant effect of betel leaf extract (BLE) on lipid and protein oxidation, microbial count and physicochemical attributes was investigated in meat sausages during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1 °C. Buffalo meat sausages were developed after incorporating 0, 250, 500 and 750 mg kg-1 of BLE (BLE0, BLE1, BLE2 and BLE3) respectively. The sausages showed no changes in proximate composition due to BLE inclusion, but there was an improvement in microbial quality, color score, textural properties and lipid and protein oxidative stability. Further, higher sensory scores were observed for the BLE-incorporated samples. The images from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a reduction in surface roughness and unevenness showing microstructure modification in BLE treated sausages compared to the control sausages. Hence, to improve the storage stability and impede the rate of lipid oxidation in sausages, BLE incorporation proved to be an effective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshied Manzoor
- Department of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, A.M.U, Aligarh, U.P, India.
| | - Abdul Haque
- Department of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, A.M.U, Aligarh, U.P, India
| | - Saghir Ahmad
- Department of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, A.M.U, Aligarh, U.P, India
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5
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Montllor-Albalate C, Thompson AE, Kim H, Reddi AR. Measuring the Oxidation State and Enzymatic Activity of Glyceraldehyde Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2675:219-236. [PMID: 37258767 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3247-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a highly conserved, essential, and abundant enzyme that catalyzes a rate-determining step of glycolysis. GAPDH catalyzes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)- and inorganic phosphate-dependent oxidation and phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde phosphate (GAP) to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG). As part of its mechanism of action, GAPDH employs a redox-sensitive cysteine that serves as a nucleophile to form a covalent adduct with GAP in order to set-up subsequent oxidation and phosphorylation steps. As a result of the redox sensitivity of the active site cysteine residue, GAPDH is susceptible to oxidative inactivation by oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Indeed, numerous studies have demonstrated that oxidative inactivation of GAPDH has important metabolic consequences for adaptation to life in air and oxidative stress since decreased GAPDH activity results in the rerouting of carbon flux away from glycolysis and toward the pentose phosphate pathway to produce the key cellular reductant and antioxidant, NADPH. Thus, the ability to probe GAPDH oxidation and activity provides an important snapshot of the intracellular redox environment and glycolytic flux. Herein, we describe methods to measure reduced and oxidized GAPDH using thiol alkylation assays as well as GAPDH enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Montllor-Albalate
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna E Thompson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hyojung Kim
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amit R Reddi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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6
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Day NJ, Zhang T, Gaffrey MJ, Zhao R, Fillmore TL, Moore RJ, Rodney GG, Qian WJ. A deep redox proteome profiling workflow and its application to skeletal muscle of a Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy model. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:373-384. [PMID: 36306991 PMCID: PMC10072164 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perturbation to the redox state accompanies many diseases and its effects are viewed through oxidation of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The thiol groups of protein cysteine residues undergo an array of redox post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are important for regulation of protein and pathway function. To better understand what proteins are redox regulated following a perturbation, it is important to be able to comprehensively profile protein thiol oxidation at the proteome level. Herein, we report a deep redox proteome profiling workflow and demonstrate its application in measuring the changes in thiol oxidation along with global protein expression in skeletal muscle from mdx mice, a model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). In-depth coverage of the thiol proteome was achieved with >18,000 Cys sites from 5,608 proteins in muscle being quantified. Compared to the control group, mdx mice exhibit markedly increased thiol oxidation, where a ∼2% shift in the median oxidation occupancy was observed. Pathway analysis for the redox data revealed that coagulation system and immune-related pathways were among the most susceptible to increased thiol oxidation in mdx mice, whereas protein abundance changes were more enriched in pathways associated with bioenergetics. This study illustrates the importance of deep redox profiling in gaining greater insight into oxidative stress regulation and pathways/processes that are perturbed in an oxidizing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Day
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Thomas L Fillmore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - George G Rodney
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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7
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Zhang T, Day NJ, Gaffrey M, Weitz KK, Attah K, Mimche PN, Paine R, Qian WJ, Helms MN. Regulation of hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury via post-translational cysteine redox modifications. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102405. [PMID: 35872399 PMCID: PMC9307955 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants and patients with lung disease often have excess fluid in the lungs and are frequently treated with oxygen, however long-term exposure to hyperoxia results in irreversible lung injury. Although the adverse effects of hyperoxia are mediated by reactive oxygen species, the full extent of the impact of hyperoxia on redox-dependent regulation in the lung is unclear. In this study, neonatal mice overexpressing the beta-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (β-ENaC) encoded by Scnn1b and their wild type (WT; C57Bl6) littermates were utilized to study the pathogenesis of high fraction inspired oxygen (FiO2)-induced lung injury. Results showed that O2-induced lung injury in transgenic Scnn1b mice is attenuated following chronic O2 exposure. To test the hypothesis that reversible cysteine-redox-modifications of proteins play an important role in O2-induced lung injury, we performed proteome-wide profiling of protein S-glutathionylation (SSG) in both WT and Scnn1b overexpressing mice maintained at 21% O2 (normoxia) or FiO2 85% (hyperoxia) from birth to 11-15 days postnatal. Over 7700 unique Cys sites with SSG modifications were identified and quantified, covering more than 3000 proteins in the lung. In both mouse models, hyperoxia resulted in a significant alteration of the SSG levels of Cys sites belonging to a diverse range of proteins. In addition, substantial SSG changes were observed in the Scnn1b overexpressing mice exposed to hyperoxia, suggesting that ENaC plays a critically important role in cellular regulation. Hyperoxia-induced SSG changes were further supported by the results observed for thiol total oxidation, the overall level of reversible oxidation on protein cysteine residues. Differential analyses reveal that Scnn1b overexpression may protect against hyperoxia-induced lung injury via modulation of specific processes such as cell adhesion, blood coagulation, and proteolysis. This study provides a landscape view of protein oxidation in the lung and highlights the importance of redox regulation in O2-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Day
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Gaffrey
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Karl K Weitz
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Kwame Attah
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Patrice N Mimche
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert Paine
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - My N Helms
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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8
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Pearson AG, Pullar JM, Cook J, Spencer ES, Vissers MC, Carr AC, Hampton MB. Peroxiredoxin 2 oxidation reveals hydrogen peroxide generation within erythrocytes during high-dose vitamin C administration. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101980. [PMID: 33905956 PMCID: PMC8099772 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous infusion of high dose (>10 g) vitamin C (IVC) is a common alternative cancer therapy. IVC results in millimolar levels of circulating ascorbate, which is proposed to generate cytotoxic quantities of H2O2 in the presence of transition metal ions. In this study we report on the in vitro and in vivo effects of millimolar ascorbate on erythrocytes. Addition of ascorbate to whole blood increased erythrocyte intracellular ascorbate approximately 35-fold. Within 10 min of ascorbate addition, we detected increased oxidation of erythrocyte peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2), a major thiol antioxidant protein and a sensitive marker of H2O2 production. Up to 50% of Prx2 was present in the oxidised form after 60 min. The presence of extracellular catalase, removal of plasma or the addition of a metal chelator did not prevent ascorbate-induced Prx2 oxidation, suggesting that the H2O2 responsible for Prx2 oxidation was generated within the erythrocyte. Ascorbate is known to increase the rate of haemoglobin autoxidation and H2O2 production. Through spectral monitoring of oxidised haemoglobin we estimated a generation rate of 15 μM H2O2/min inside erythrocytes. We also investigated changes in erythrocyte ascorbate concentration and Prx2 oxidation following IVC infusion in a cohort of patients with cancer. Plasma ascorbate levels ranged from 7.8 to 35 mM immediately post infusion, while erythrocyte ascorbate levels reached 1.5–3.4 mM 4 h after beginning infusion. Transient oxidation of erythrocyte Prx2 was observed. We conclude that erythrocytes accumulate ascorbate during IVC infusion, providing a significant reservoir of ascorbate, and this ascorbate increases H2O2 generation within the cells. The consequence of increased erythrocyte Prx2 oxidation warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andree G Pearson
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Juliet M Pullar
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John Cook
- New Brighton Health Care, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Emma S Spencer
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Margreet Cm Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anitra C Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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9
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Heppner DE. Structural insights into redox-active cysteine residues of the Src family kinases. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101934. [PMID: 33765616 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src Family Kinases (SFKs) are pivotal regulators of cellular signal transduction and highly sought-after targets in drug discovery. Their actions within cells are controlled by alterations in protein phosphorylation that switch the SFKs from autoinhibited to active states. The SFKs are also well recognized to contain redox-active cysteine residues where oxidation of certain residues directly contribute to kinase function. To more completely understand the factors that influence cysteine oxidation within the SFKs, a review is presented of the local structural environments surrounding SFK cysteine residues compared to their quantified oxidation in vivo from the Oximouse database. Generally, cysteine local structure and degree of redox sensitivity vary with respect to sequence conservation. Cysteine residues found in conserved positions are more mildly redox-active as they are found in hydrophobic environments and not fully exposed to solvent. Non-conserved redox-active cysteines are generally the most reactive with direct solvent access and/or in hydrophilic environments. Results from this analysis motivate future efforts to conduct comprehensive proteome-wide analysis of redox-sensitivity, conservation, and local structural environments of proteins containing reactive cysteine residues.
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10
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Ulfig A, Leichert LI. The effects of neutrophil-generated hypochlorous acid and other hypohalous acids on host and pathogens. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:385-414. [PMID: 32661559 PMCID: PMC7873122 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are predominant immune cells that protect the human body against infections by deploying sophisticated antimicrobial strategies including phagocytosis of bacteria and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils kill exogenous pathogens before we focus on one particular weapon in their arsenal: the generation of the oxidizing hypohalous acids HOCl, HOBr and HOSCN during the so-called oxidative burst by the enzyme myeloperoxidase. We look at the effects of these hypohalous acids on biological systems in general and proteins in particular and turn our attention to bacterial strategies to survive HOCl stress. HOCl is a strong inducer of protein aggregation, which bacteria can counteract by chaperone-like holdases that bind unfolding proteins without the need for energy in the form of ATP. These chaperones are activated by HOCl through thiol oxidation (Hsp33) or N-chlorination of basic amino acid side-chains (RidA and CnoX) and contribute to bacterial survival during HOCl stress. However, neutrophil-generated hypohalous acids also affect the host system. Recent studies have shown that plasma proteins act not only as sinks for HOCl, but get actively transformed into modulators of the cellular immune response through N-chlorination. N-chlorinated serum albumin can prevent aggregation of proteins, stimulate immune cells, and act as a pro-survival factor for immune cells in the presence of cytotoxic antigens. Finally, we take a look at the emerging role of HOCl as a potential signaling molecule, particularly its role in neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ulfig
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry-Microbial Biochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars I Leichert
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry-Microbial Biochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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11
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Schaffner-Reckinger E, Machado RAC. The actin-bundling protein L-plastin-A double-edged sword: Beneficial for the immune response, maleficent in cancer. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2020; 355:109-154. [PMID: 32859369 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton into bundles and networks is orchestrated by a large variety of actin-binding proteins. Among them, the actin-bundling protein L-plastin is normally expressed in hematopoietic cells, where it is involved in the immune response. However, L-plastin is also often ectopically expressed in malignant cancer cells of non-hematopoietic origin and is even considered as a marker for cancer progression. Post-translational modification modulates L-plastin activity. In particular, L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation has been shown to be important for the immune response in leukocytes as well as for invasion and metastasis formation of carcinoma cells. This chapter discusses the physiological and pathological role of L-plastin with a special focus on the importance of L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation for the protein functions. The potential use of Ser5 phosphorylated L-plastin as a biomarker and/or therapeutic target will be evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Raquel A C Machado
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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12
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Rhee SG, Woo HA. Multiple functions of 2-Cys peroxiredoxins, I and II, and their regulations via post-translational modifications. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:107-115. [PMID: 32151745 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are an unusual family of thiol-specific peroxidases that possess a binding site for H2O2 and rely on a conserved cysteine residue for rapid reaction with H2O2. Among 6 mammalian isoforms (Prx I to VI), Prx I and Prx II are mainly found in the cytosol and nucleus. Prx I and Prx II function as antioxidant enzymes and protein chaperone under oxidative distress conditions. Under oxidative eustress conditions, Prx I and Prx II regulate the levels of H2O2 at specific area of the cells as well as sense and transduce H2O2 signaling to target proteins. Prx I and Prx II are known to be covalently modified on multiple sites: Prx I is hyperoxidized on Cys52; phosphorylated on Ser32, Thr90, and Tyr194; acetylated on Lys7, Lys16, Lys27, Lys35, and Lys197; glutathionylated on Cys52, Cys83, and Cys173; and nitrosylated on Cys52 and Cys83, whereas Prx II is hyperoxidized on Cys51; phosphorylated on Thr89, Ser112, and Thr182; acetylated on Ala2 and Lys196; glutathionylated on Cys51 and Cys172; and nitrosylated on Cys51 and Cys172. In this review, we describe how these post-translational modifications affect various functions of Prx I and Prx II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Goo Rhee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea; The Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- College of Pharmacy and College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
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13
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Mineiro MF, Patricio ES, Peixoto ÁS, Araujo TLS, da Silva RP, Moretti AIS, Lima FS, Laurindo FRM, Meotti FC. Urate hydroperoxide oxidizes endothelial cell surface protein disulfide isomerase-A1 and impairs adherence. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129481. [PMID: 31734460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular surface protein disulfide isomerase-A1 (PDI) is involved in platelet aggregation, thrombus formation and vascular remodeling. PDI performs redox exchange with client proteins and, hence, its oxidation by extracellular molecules might alter protein function and cell response. In this study, we investigated PDI oxidation by urate hydroperoxide, a newly-described oxidant that is generated through uric acid oxidation by peroxidases, with a putative role in vascular inflammation. METHODS Amino acids specificity and kinetics of PDI oxidation by urate hydroperoxide was evaluated by LC-MS/MS and by stopped-flow. Oxidation of cell surface PDI and other thiol-proteins from HUVECs was identified using impermeable alkylating reagents. Oxidation of intracellular GSH and GSSG was evaluated with specific LC-MS/MS techniques. Cell adherence, detachment and viability were assessed using crystal violet staining, cellular microscopy and LDH activity, respectively. RESULTS Urate hydroperoxide specifically oxidized cysteine residues from catalytic sites of recombinant PDI with a rate constant of 6 × 103 M-1 s-1. Incubation of HUVECs with urate hydroperoxide led to oxidation of cell surface PDI and other unidentified cell surface thiol-proteins. Cell adherence to fibronectin coated plates was impaired by urate hydroperoxide, as well as by other oxidants, thiol alkylating agents and PDI inhibitors. Urate hydroperoxide did not affect cell viability but significantly decreased GSH/GSSG ratio. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that urate hydroperoxide affects thiol-oxidation of PDI and other cell surface proteins, impairing cellular adherence. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings could contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism by which uric acid affects endothelial cell function and vascular homeostasis.
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Tawa M, Yamashita Y, Masuoka T, Nakano K, Yoshida J, Nishio M, Ishibashi T. Responsiveness of rat aorta and pulmonary artery to cGMP generators in the presence of thiol or heme oxidant. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 140:43-47. [PMID: 31036520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of thiol and heme oxidants on responsiveness to cGMP generators in isolated rat aorta and pulmonary artery using an organ chamber. The nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation was impaired by exposure to the thiol oxidant diamide in both the aorta and the pulmonary artery, whereas the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator BAY 41-2272- or the sGC activator BAY 60-2770-induced relaxation was not affected. The impairment by diamide of SNP-induced aortic and pulmonary arterial relaxation was completely restored by post-treatment with the thiol reductant dithiothreitol. However, regardless of the vessel type, the relaxant response to SNP or BAY 41-2272 was impaired by exposure to the heme oxidant ODQ, whereas the response to BAY 60-2770 was enhanced. The ODQ-induced effects were reversed partially by post-treatment with the heme reductant dithionite. These findings indicate that thiol oxidation attenuates only the vascular responsiveness to NO donors and that heme oxidation attenuates the responsiveness to NO donors and sGC stimulators but augments that to sGC activators. Therefore, under oxidative stress, the order of usability of the vasodilators is suggested to be: NO donors < sGC stimulators < sGC activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Yuka Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Junko Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Matomo Nishio
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takaharu Ishibashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
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15
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Pace PE, Peskin AV, Konigstorfer A, Jasoni CJ, Winterbourn CC, Hampton MB. Peroxiredoxin interaction with the cytoskeletal-regulatory protein CRMP2: Investigation of a putative redox relay. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:383-393. [PMID: 30315937 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a signaling molecule in cells by oxidising cysteine residues in regulatory proteins such as phosphatases, kinases and transcription factors. It is unclear exactly how many of these proteins are specifically targeted by H2O2 because they appear too unreactive to be directly oxidised. One proposal is that peroxiredoxins (Prxs) initially react with H2O2 and then oxidise adjacent proteins via a thiol relay mechanism. The aim of this study was to identify constitutive interaction partners of Prx2 in Jurkat T-lymphoma cells, in which thiol protein oxidation occurs at low micromolar concentrations of H2O2. Immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays identified a physical interaction between collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) and cytoplasmic Prx2. CRMP2 regulates microtubule structure during lymphocyte migration and neuronal development. Exposure of Jurkat cells to low micromolar levels of H2O2 caused rapid and reversible oxidation of CRMP2, in parallel with Prx2 oxidation, despite purified recombinant CRMP2 protein reacting slowly with H2O2 (k~1 M-1s-1). Lowering Prx expression should inhibit oxidation of proteins oxidised by a relay mechanism, however knockout of Prx2 had no effect on CRMP2 oxidation. CRMP2 also interacted with Prx1, suggesting redundancy in single knockout cells. Prx 1 and 2 double knockout Jurkat cells were not viable. An interaction between Prx2 and CRMP2 was also detected in other human and rodent cells, including primary neurons. However, low concentrations of H2O2 did not cause CRMP2 oxidation in these cells. This indicates a cell-type specific mechanism for promoting CRMP2 oxidation in Jurkat cells, with insufficient evidence to attribute oxidation to a Prx-dependent redox relay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Pace
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Alexander V Peskin
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andreas Konigstorfer
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christine J Jasoni
- Department of Anatomy and Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christine C Winterbourn
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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16
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Patel D, Lakhkar A, Wolin MS. Redox Mechanisms Influencing cGMP Signaling in Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 967:227-40. [PMID: 29047089 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The soluble form of guanylate cyclase (sGC) and cGMP signaling are major regulators of pulmonary vasodilation and vascular remodeling that protect the pulmonary circulation from hypertension development. Nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, thiol and heme redox, and heme biosynthesis control mechanisms regulating the production of cGMP by sGC. In addition, a cGMP-independent mechanism regulates protein kinase G through thiol oxidation in manner controlled by peroxide metabolism and NADPH redox. Multiple aspects of these regulatory processes contribute to physiological and pathophysiological regulation of the pulmonary circulation, and create potentially novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of pulmonary vascular disease.
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17
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Palleschi S, Rossi B, Armiento G, Montereali MR, Nardi E, Mazziotti Tagliani S, Inglessis M, Gianfagna A, Silvestroni L. Toxicity of the readily leachable fraction of urban PM 2.5 to human lung epithelial cells: Role of soluble metals. Chemosphere 2018; 196:35-44. [PMID: 29289849 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fine airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) has been repeatedly associated with adverse health effects in humans. The PM2.5 soluble fraction, and soluble metals in particular, are thought to cause lung damage. Literature data, however, are not consistent and the role of leachable metals is still under debate. In this study, Winter and Summer urban PM2.5 aqueous extracts, obtained by using a bio-compatible solution and different contact times at 37 °C, were used to investigate cytotoxic effects of PM2.5 in cultured lung epithelial cells (A549) and the role played by the leachable metals Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb and Cd. Cell viability and migration, as well as intracellular glutathione, extracellular cysteine, cysteinylglycine and homocysteine concentrations, were evaluated in cells challenged with both PM2.5 extracts before and after ultrafiltration and artificial metal ion solutions mimicking the metal composition of the genuine extracts. The thiol oxidative potential was also evaluated by an abiotic test. Results demonstrate that PM2.5 bioactive components were released within minutes of PM2.5 interaction with the leaching solution. Among these are i) low MW (<3 kDa) solutes inducing oxidative stress and ii) high MW and/or water-insoluble compounds largely contributing to thiol oxidation and to increased homocysteine levels in the cell medium. Cu and/or Ni ions likely contributed to the effects of Summer PM2.5 extracts. Nonetheless, the strong bio-reactivity of Winter PM2.5 extracts could not be explained by the presence of the studied metals. A possible role for PM2.5 water-extractable organic components is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Palleschi
- Department of Environment & Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department of Environment & Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Armiento
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Rita Montereali
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisa Nardi
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Inglessis
- Department of Environment & Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gianfagna
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Leopoldo Silvestroni
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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18
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Heppner DE, Hristova M, Ida T, Mijuskovic A, Dustin CM, Bogdándi V, Fukuto JM, Dick TP, Nagy P, Li J, Akaike T, van der Vliet A. Cysteine perthiosulfenic acid (Cys-SSOH): A novel intermediate in thiol-based redox signaling? Redox Biol 2017; 14:379-385. [PMID: 29054072 PMCID: PMC5647513 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The reversible oxidation of protein cysteine residues (Cys-SH) is a key reaction in cellular redox signaling involving initial formation of sulfenic acids (Cys-SOH), which are commonly detected using selective dimedone-based probes. Here, we report that significant portions of dimedone-tagged proteins are susceptible to cleavage by DTT reflecting the presence of perthiosulfenic acid species (Cys-SSOH) due to similar oxidation of hydropersulfides (Cys-SSH), since Cys-S-dimedone adducts are stable toward DTT. Combined studies using molecular modeling, mass spectrometry, and cell-based experiments indicate that Cys-SSH are readily oxidized to Cys-SSOH, which forms stable adducts with dimedone-based probes. We additionally confirm the presence of Cys-SSH within protein tyrosine kinases such as EGFR, and their apparent oxidation to Cys-SSOH in response NADPH oxidase activation, suggesting that such Cys-SSH oxidation may represent a novel, as yet uncharacterized, event in redox-based signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Heppner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner M.D., College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Milena Hristova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner M.D., College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ana Mijuskovic
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher M Dustin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner M.D., College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Virág Bogdándi
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner M.D., College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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19
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Addala E, Rafiei H, Das S, Bandy B, Das U, Karki SS, Dimmock JR. 3,5-Bis(3-dimethylaminomethyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-piperidone and related compounds induce glutathione oxidation and mitochondria-mediated cell death in HCT-116 colon cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3669-3673. [PMID: 28716495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the cytotoxicity and some of the modes of action of 3,5-bis(3-dimethylamino-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-piperidone trihydrochloride 3 and two related compounds 2 (which lacks the dimethylaminomethyl groups) and 4 (which has an additional dimethylaminoethyl substituent in both aryl rings) in order to ascertain the contribution of dimethylaminoethyl substituent to bioactivity. The bioactivities of 2-4 were compared with curcumin 5. Both 2 and 3 displayed submicromolar GI50 values towards HCT-116 cells and were significantly more potent than 4, 5 and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). All of the compounds displayed greater toxicity towards HCT-116 cells than human CRL-1790 non-malignant colon cells. In HCT-116 cells, the compounds 2, 3 and 5 increased the ratio of oxidised to reduced glutathione and destabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential. Both 2 and 5 produced an increase in mitochondrial superoxide and a burst in intracellular reactive oxygen species in HCT 116 cells. In addition, 2 and 4 stimulated respiration in rat liver mitochondria while 2 and 5 induced mitochondrial swelling. The results suggest that 2 and 5 cause oxidation or cross-linking of the thiols which control the mitochondrial permeability transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshwari Addala
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Hossein Rafiei
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Swagatika Das
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Brian Bandy
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Umashankar Das
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Subhas S Karki
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Dimmock
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Canada.
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20
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Kaplan M, Ates I, Yuksel M, Ozderin Ozin Y, Alisik M, Erel O, Kayacetin E. Thiol/disulphide homeostasis in celiac disease. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2017; 8:120-126. [PMID: 28533921 PMCID: PMC5421110 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v8.i2.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis in celiac disease and to examine the associate with celiac autoantibodies and gluten-free diet.
METHODS Seventy three patients with celiac disease and 73 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. In both groups, thiol/disulphide homeostasis was examined with a new colorimetric method recently developed by Erel and Neselioglu.
RESULTS In patients with celiac disease, native thiol (P = 0.027) and total thiol (P = 0.031) levels were lower, while disulphide (P < 0.001) level, disulphide/native thiol (P < 0.001) and disulphide/total thiol (P < 0.001) ratios were higher compared to the control group. In patients who do not comply with a gluten-free diet, disulphide/native thiol ratio was found higher compared to the patients who comply with the diet (P < 0.001). In patients with any autoantibody-positive, disulphide/native thiol ratio was observed higher compared to the patients with autoantibody-negative (P < 0.05). It is found that there is a negative correlation between celiac autoantibodies, and native thiol, total thiol levels and native thiol/total thiol ratio, while a positive correlation is observed between disulphide, disulphide/native thiol and disulphide/total thiol levels.
CONCLUSION This study is first in the literature which found that the patients with celiac disease the dynamic thiol/disulphide balance shifts through disulphide form compared to the control group.
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21
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Gómez-Serrano M, Camafeita E, López JA, Rubio MA, Bretón I, García-Consuegra I, García-Santos E, Lago J, Sánchez-Pernaute A, Torres A, Vázquez J, Peral B. Differential proteomic and oxidative profiles unveil dysfunctional protein import to adipocyte mitochondria in obesity-associated aging and diabetes. Redox Biol 2016; 11:415-428. [PMID: 28064117 PMCID: PMC5220168 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human age-related diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), have long been associated to mitochondrial dysfunction; however, the role for adipose tissue mitochondria in these conditions remains unknown. We have tackled the impact of aging and T2DM on adipocyte mitochondria from obese patients by quantitating not only the corresponding abundance changes of proteins, but also the redox alterations undergone by Cys residues thereof. For that, we have resorted to a high-throughput proteomic approach based on isobaric labeling, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The alterations undergone by the mitochondrial proteome revealed aging- and T2DM-specific hallmarks. Thus, while a global decrease of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits was found in aging, the diabetic patients exhibited a reduction of specific OXPHOS complexes as well as an up-regulation of the anti-oxidant response. Under both conditions, evidence is shown for the first time of a link between increased thiol protein oxidation and decreased protein abundance in adipose tissue mitochondria. This association was stronger in T2DM, where OXPHOS mitochondrial- vs. nuclear-encoded protein modules were found altered, suggesting impaired mitochondrial protein translocation and complex assembly. The marked down-regulation of OXPHOS oxidized proteins and the alteration of oxidized Cys residues related to protein import through the redox-active MIA (Mitochondrial Intermembrane space Assembly) pathway support that defects in protein translocation to the mitochondria may be an important underlying mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction in T2DM and physiological aging. The present draft of redox targets together with the quantification of protein and oxidative changes may help to better understand the role of oxidative stress in both a physiological process like aging and a pathological condition like T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gómez-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Alberto Sols, (IIBM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Juan A López
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rubio
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IDISSC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Irene Bretón
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid 28007, Spain
| | - Inés García-Consuegra
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28041, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Eva García-Santos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Alberto Sols, (IIBM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jesús Lago
- Department of Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid 28007, Spain
| | - Andrés Sánchez-Pernaute
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IDISSC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Antonio Torres
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IDISSC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Belén Peral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Alberto Sols, (IIBM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) mediates expression of key genes involved in innate immunity and inflammation. NF-κB activation has been repeatedly reported to be modulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here, we show that the NF-κB-activating signaling adapter myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) is highly sensitive to oxidation by H2O2 and may be redox-regulated in its function, thus facilitating an influence of H2O2 on the NF-κB signaling pathway. Upon oxidation, MyD88 forms distinct disulfide-linked conjugates which are reduced by the MyD88-interacting oxidoreductase nucleoredoxin (Nrx). MyD88 cysteine residues functionally modulate MyD88-dependent NF-κB activation, suggesting a link between MyD88 thiol oxidation state and immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Stottmeier
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Lauwers K, Breynaert E, Rombouts I, Delcour JA, Kirschhock CEA. Water electrolyte promoted oxidation of functional thiol groups. Food Chem 2016; 197 Pt B:1235-9. [PMID: 26675862 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The formation of disulfide bonds is of the utmost importance for a wide range of food products with gluten or globular proteins as functional agents. Here, the impact of mineral electrolyte composition of aqueous solutions on thiol oxidation kinetics was studied, using glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (CYS) as model systems. Interestingly, the oxidation rate of both compounds into their corresponding disulfides was significantly higher in common tap water than in ultrapure water. The systematic study of different electrolyte components showed that especially CaCl2 improved the oxidation rate of GSH. However, this effect was not observed for CYS, which indicated a strong impact of the local chemical environment on thiol oxidation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lauwers
- KULeuven, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Celestijnenlaan 200f, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Breynaert
- KULeuven, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Celestijnenlaan 200f, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - I Rombouts
- KULeuven, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J A Delcour
- KULeuven, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C E A Kirschhock
- KULeuven, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Celestijnenlaan 200f, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Elremaly W, Mohamed I, Rouleau T, Lavoie JC. Impact of glutathione supplementation of parenteral nutrition on hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase activity. Redox Biol 2016; 8:18-23. [PMID: 26722840 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The oxidation of the methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) by the combined impact of peroxides contaminating parenteral nutrition (PN) and oxidized redox potential of glutathione is suspected to explain its inhibition observed in animals. A modification of MAT activity is suspected to be at origin of the PN-associated liver disease as observed in newborns. We hypothesized that the correction of redox potential of glutathione by adding glutathione in PN protects the MAT activity. Aim To investigate whether the addition of glutathione to PN can reverse the inhibition of MAT observed in animal on PN. Methods Three days old guinea pigs received through a jugular vein catheter 2 series of solutions. First with methionine supplement, (1) Sham (no infusion); (2) PN: amino acids, dextrose, lipids and vitamins; (3) PN-GSSG: PN+10 μM GSSG. Second without methionine, (4) D: dextrose; (5) D+180 μM ascorbylperoxide; (6) D+350 μM H2O2. Four days later, liver was sampled for determination of redox potential of glutathione and MAT activity in the presence or absence of 1 mM DTT. Data were compared by ANOVA, p<0.05. Results MAT activity was 45±4% lower in animal infused with PN and 23±7% with peroxides generated in PN. The inhibition by peroxides was associated with oxidized redox potential and was reversible by DTT. Correction of redox potential (PN+GSSG) or DTT was without effect on the inhibition of MAT by PN. The slope of the linear relation between MAT activity and redox potential was two fold lower in animal infused with PN than in others groups. Conclusion The present study suggests that prevention of peroxide generation in PN and/or correction of the redox potential by adding glutathione in PN are not sufficient, at least in newborn guinea pigs, to restore normal MAT activity. Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) is essential for healthy liver. Parenteral nutrition (PN) inhibits hepatic MAT. The inhibition is caused by intrinsic peroxides and by unknown component of PN. Adding glutathione in PN is not sufficient to prevent PN-associated liver diseases.
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Ates I, Kaplan M, Inan B, Alisik M, Erel O, Yilmaz N, Guler S. How does thiol/disulfide homeostasis change in prediabetic patients? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 110:166-71. [PMID: 26421363 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our aim was to examine thiol/disulfide homeostasis, which has a critical role in many cellular activities such as antioxidant protection, detoxification, cell growth and apoptosis, in prediabetic patients. METHODS The study population was formed of a total of 250 participants; 125 (54 males, 71 females) of which were newly diagnosed with prediabetes, aged over 18 and who had not received any prior treatment and 125 (52 males, 73 females) healthy volunteers. Prediabetic patients were diagnosed using a glucose tolerance test. In both groups, native thiol-disulfide exchanges were examined using the automated measurement method newly developed by Erel and Neselioglu. RESULTS When compared to the control group, the native thiol (p<0.001) and total thiol (p=0.008) levels, and the native thiol/total thiol (p=0.022) ratio was lower; while disulfide (p=0.001) level and, disulfide/native thiol (p=0.003) and disulfide/total thiol (p=0.022) ratios were higher in prediabetic patients. A positive correlation was determined between disulfide and the fasting blood glucose levels (r=0.394, p=0.017) and glycolysed hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r=0.307, p=0.011). On the other hand, a negative correlation was determined between native thiol and fasting blood glucose levels (r=-0.335, p=0.004). CONCLUSION With this study, we have shown for the first time that thiol oxidation increases in prediabetic patients and that there is a positive correlation between the disulfide and blood glucose and HbA1c levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Ates
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Kaplan
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bayram Inan
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Alisik
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nisbet Yilmaz
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Guler
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
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Braconi D, Millucci L, Bernardini G, Santucci A. Oxidative stress and mechanisms of ochronosis in alkaptonuria. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:70-80. [PMID: 25733348 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare metabolic disease due to a deficient activity of the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD), involved in Phe and Tyr catabolism. Due to such a deficiency, AKU patients undergo accumulation of the metabolite homogentisic acid (HGA), which is prone to oxidation/polymerization reactions causing the production of a melanin-like pigment. Once the pigment is deposited onto connective tissues (mainly in joints, spine, and cardiac valves), a classical bluish-brown discoloration is imparted, leading to a phenomenon known as "ochronosis", the hallmark of AKU. A clarification of the molecular mechanisms for the production and deposition of the ochronotic pigment in AKU started only recently with a range of in vitro and ex vivo human models used for the study of HGA-induced effects. Thanks to redox-proteomic analyses, it was found that HGA could induce significant oxidation of a number of serum and chondrocyte proteins. Further investigations allowed highlighting how HGA-induced proteome alteration, lipid peroxidation, thiol depletion, and amyloid production could contribute to oxidative stress generation and protein oxidation in AKU. This review briefly summarizes the most recent findings on HGA-induced oxidative stress in AKU, helping in the clarification of the molecular mechanisms of ochronosis and potentially providing the basis for its pharmacological treatment. Future work should be undertaken in order to validate in vivo the results so far obtained in in vitro AKU models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Braconi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lia Millucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Bleier L, Wittig I, Heide H, Steger M, Brandt U, Dröse S. Generator-specific targets of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 78:1-10. [PMID: 25451644 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To understand the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oxidative stress and redox signaling it is necessary to link their site of generation to the oxidative modification of specific targets. Here we have studied the selective modification of protein thiols by mitochondrial ROS that have been implicated as deleterious agents in a number of degenerative diseases and in the process of biological aging, but also as important players in cellular signal transduction. We hypothesized that this bipartite role might be based on different generator sites for "signaling" and "damaging" ROS and a directed release into different mitochondrial compartments. Because two main mitochondrial ROS generators, complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) and complex III (ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase; cytochrome bc1 complex), are known to predominantly release superoxide and the derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into the mitochondrial matrix and the intermembrane space, respectively, we investigated whether these ROS generators selectively oxidize specific protein thiols. We used redox fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis analysis to identify redox-sensitive targets in the mitochondrial proteome of intact rat heart mitochondria. We observed that the modified target proteins were distinctly different when complex I or complex III was employed as the source of ROS. These proteins are potential targets involved in mitochondrial redox signaling and may serve as biomarkers to study the generator-dependent dual role of mitochondrial ROS in redox signaling and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Bleier
- Molecular Bioenergetics Group, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Molecular Bioenergetics Group, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Functional Proteomics, SFB815 Core Unit, Medical School, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heinrich Heide
- Molecular Bioenergetics Group, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mirco Steger
- Molecular Bioenergetics Group, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Molecular Bioenergetics Group, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt "Macromolecular Complexes," Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, 6500 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Dröse
- Molecular Bioenergetics Group, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Clinic of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Omotayo TI, Akinyemi GS, Omololu PA, Ajayi BO, Akindahunsi AA, Rocha JBT, Kade IJ. Possible involvement of membrane lipids peroxidation and oxidation of catalytically essential thiols of the cerebral transmembrane sodium pump as component mechanisms of iron-mediated oxidative stress-linked dysfunction of the pump's activity. Redox Biol 2014; 4:234-41. [PMID: 25618580 PMCID: PMC4803792 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise molecular events defining the complex role of oxidative stress in the inactivation of the cerebral sodium pump in radical-induced neurodegenerative diseases is yet to be fully clarified and thus still open. Herein we investigated the modulation of the activity of the cerebral transmembrane electrogenic enzyme in Fe2+-mediated in vitro oxidative stress model. The results show that Fe2+ inhibited the transmembrane enzyme in a concentration dependent manner and this effect was accompanied by a biphasic generation of aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation. While dithiothreitol prevented both Fe2+ inhibitory effect on the pump and lipid peroxidation, vitamin E prevented only lipid peroxidation but not inhibition of the pump. Besides, malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibited the pump by a mechanism not related to oxidation of its critical thiols. Apparently, the low activity of the pump in degenerative diseases mediated by Fe2+ may involve complex multi-component mechanisms which may partly involve an initial oxidation of the critical thiols of the enzyme directly mediated by Fe2+ and during severe progression of such diseases; aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation such as MDA may further exacerbate this inhibitory effect by a mechanism that is likely not related to the oxidation of the catalytically essential thiols of the ouabain-sensitive cerebral electrogenic pump. Fe2+ evoked lipid peroxidation (LPO) and inhibition of sodium pump (SP) in rat brain. However, dithiothreitol prevented both Fe2+-mediated LPO and inhibition of SP. Conversely, vitamin E prevented only Fe2+-mediated LPO but not inhibition of SP. Thus Fe2+ mediated inactivation of SP likely by oxidizing the essential thiol on SP. However, malondialdehyde inhibited SP by a mechanism not related to thiol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Omotayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - G S Akinyemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - P A Omololu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - B O Ajayi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - A A Akindahunsi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - J B T Rocha
- Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Programa Posgraduacao em Bioquimica Toxciologica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - I J Kade
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
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Moreno ML, Escobar J, Izquierdo-Álvarez A, Gil A, Pérez S, Pereda J, Zapico I, Vento M, Sabater L, Marina A, Martínez-Ruiz A, Sastre J. Disulfide stress: a novel type of oxidative stress in acute pancreatitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 70:265-77. [PMID: 24456905 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione oxidation and protein glutathionylation are considered hallmarks of oxidative stress in cells because they reflect thiol redox status in proteins. Our aims were to analyze the redox status of thiols and to identify mixed disulfides and targets of redox signaling in pancreas in experimental acute pancreatitis as a model of acute inflammation associated with glutathione depletion. Glutathione depletion in pancreas in acute pancreatitis is not associated with any increase in oxidized glutathione levels or protein glutathionylation. Cystine and homocystine levels as well as protein cysteinylation and γ-glutamyl cysteinylation markedly rose in pancreas after induction of pancreatitis. Protein cysteinylation was undetectable in pancreas under basal conditions. Targets of disulfide stress were identified by Western blotting, diagonal electrophoresis, and proteomic methods. Cysteinylated albumin was detected. Redox-sensitive PP2A and tyrosine protein phosphatase activities diminished in pancreatitis and this loss was abrogated by N-acetylcysteine. According to our findings, disulfide stress may be considered a specific type of oxidative stress in acute inflammation associated with protein cysteinylation and γ-glutamylcysteinylation and oxidation of the pair cysteine/cystine, but without glutathione oxidation or changes in protein glutathionylation. Two types of targets of disulfide stress were identified: redox buffers, such as ribonuclease inhibitor or albumin, and redox-signaling thiols, which include thioredoxin 1, APE1/Ref1, Keap1, tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphatases, and protein disulfide isomerase. These targets exhibit great relevance in DNA repair, cell proliferation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammatory response. Disulfide stress would be a specific mechanism of redox signaling independent of glutathione redox status involved in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari-Luz Moreno
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjasot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Javier Escobar
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjasot (Valencia), Spain; Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Materno-Infantil La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Izquierdo-Álvarez
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Gil
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjasot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Salvador Pérez
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjasot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Javier Pereda
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjasot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Inés Zapico
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Materno-Infantil La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Sabater
- Department of Surgery, University Clinic Hospital, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anabel Marina
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Sastre
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjasot (Valencia), Spain.
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Gravador RS, Jongberg S, Andersen ML, Luciano G, Priolo A, Lund MN. Dietary citrus pulp improves protein stability in lamb meat stored under aerobic conditions. Meat Sci 2014; 97:231-6. [PMID: 24583333 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant effects of dried citrus pulp on proteins in lamb meat, when used as a replacement of concentrate in the feed, was studied using meat from 26 male Comisana lambs. The lambs of age 90 days had been grouped randomly to receive one of the three dietary treatments: (1) commercial concentrate with 60% barley (Control, n=8), (2) concentrate with 35% barley and 24% citrus pulp (Cp24, n=9), or (3) concentrate with 23% barley and 35% citrus pulp (Cp35, n=9). Slices from the longissimus thoracis et lomborum muscle were packed aerobically and stored for up to 6days at 4°C in the dark. The citrus pulp groups, Cp24 and Cp35, significantly decreased protein radicals and carbonyls, and preserved more thiols within six days of storage compared to the Control group. The citrus pulp groups significantly slowed down the rate of protein oxidation, indicating that dietary citrus pulp reduced oxidative changes in meat proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufielyn S Gravador
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department DISPA, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Sisse Jongberg
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mogens L Andersen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Luciano
- Department DISPA, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Priolo
- Department DISPA, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Marianne N Lund
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Dias GM, López ML, Ferreira ATS, Chapeaurouge DA, Rodrigues A, Perales J, Retamal CA. Thiol-disulfide proteins of stallion epididymal spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 145:29-39. [PMID: 24418125 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Thiol groups of cysteine residues represent redox centers involved in multiple biological functions. It has been postulated that changes in the redox status of mammalian epididymal spermatozoa contribute to the sperm maturation process. The present work shows the thiol-disulfide protein profile of stallion epididymal spermatozoa achieved by two-dimension electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry of proteins labeled with a thiol-reactive fluorescent tag, monobromobimane. Our results have shown the formation of disulfide bonds in several sperm protein fractions during the epididymal maturation process. The majority of the oxidized thiol sperm proteins identified correspond to structural molecules of the flagellum (as the outer dense fiber-1 protein - ODF1), followed by glycolytic enzymes (as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase spermatogenic), antioxidant protectors (as glutathione S-transferase and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase - PHGPx). The magnitude of the thiol oxidation differs between proteins, and was more drastic in polypeptides with molecular weights of up to 33kDa, identified as ODF1 and PHGPx. A kinase anchor protein, a voltage-dependent anion channel protein and a zona pellucida-binding protein were also found in the polypeptide samples that contained oxidized SH groups. These proteins may be modified or controlled by the mechanisms involved in the cysteine-redox changes, corroborating the belief that a correct degree of protein oxidation is required for the stabilization of sperm structure, protection against oxidative damage, induction of progressive sperm motility and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Dias
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - M L López
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
| | - A T S Ferreira
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D A Chapeaurouge
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - J Perales
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C A Retamal
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is generated in numerous biological processes and is implicated as the main transmitter of redox signals. Although a strong oxidant, high activation energy barriers make it unreactive with most biological molecules. It reacts directly with thiols, but for low-molecular-weight thiols and cysteine residues in most proteins, the reaction is slow. The most favored reactions of hydrogen peroxide are with transition metal centers, selenoproteins, and selected thiol proteins. These include proteins such as catalase, glutathione peroxidases, and peroxiredoxins, which, as well as providing antioxidant defense, are increasingly being considered as targets for signal transmission. This overview describes the main biological reactions of hydrogen peroxide and takes a kinetic approach to identifying likely targets in the cell. It also considers diffusion of hydrogen peroxide and constraints to its acting at localized sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Winterbourn
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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