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Bong SY, Song Z, Kaur K, Singh N, Park YI, Park J, Jang DO. Simple turn-on fluorescent probe for ultrafast and highly selective detection of hydrogen sulfide in aqueous solutions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 323:124925. [PMID: 39106719 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
5H-Benzimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline-6-thione (BI-QT), was synthesized as a benzimidazole-based probe to detect H2S. BI-QT exhibits a fluorescent "turn-on" response in DMSO/H2O (9:1, HEPES 10 mM, pH 7.4) upon the addition of H2S. The BI-QT probe can determine micromolar (0-600 µM) H2S concentrations in aqueous systems, with a detection limit of 1.12 µM. Interestingly, BI-QT exhibited an ultrafast response to H2S, with maximum intensity achieved almost instantly when exposed to H2S. BI-QT is largely unaffected by pH and responds reliably over the wide 4-11 pH range, which highlights its applicability to various physiological scenarios. UV-vis, fluorescence, and 1H NMR spectroscopic analyses investigated the sensing mechanism. The practicality of the probe was demonstrated using water samples and living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Bong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Zion Song
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India.
| | - Yea-In Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Ok Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Murata H, Suzuki S, Terakubo K, Imai Y, Ito S. Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Turn-On Luminescence of Chiral Bisimidazolyl BINOL Dimethyl Ether Crystals. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400293. [PMID: 38750665 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive organic luminescent crystals have attracted significant attention in recent years for their potential in sensor and memory applications. While turn-on luminescence is superior in detection sensitivity compared with turn-off luminescence, the development of organic crystals that exhibit turn-on luminescence in response to multiple stimuli remains a significant challenge. Herein, the crystals of chiral bisimidazolyl 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) dimethyl ether have exhibited a dual-stimuli-responsive turn-on luminescence based on two distinct mechanisms. In the crystalline state, luminescence was substantially quenched by the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the imidazole rings. Mechanical stimulation induced a transition to a blue-violet-emissive amorphous state. In contrast, thermal stimulation produced an orange luminescence, attributed to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) luminescence from thermally demethylated products. Furthermore, the thermally induced state exhibited circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), marking a rare instance of stimuli-responsive turn-on CPL in a solid-state system. This study provides new insights into environmental and structural factors for solid-state luminescent properties and advances the design guidelines for multifunctional luminescent sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honami Murata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Seika Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuki Terakubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitane Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Suguru Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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Fosnacht KG, Pluth MD. Activity-Based Fluorescent Probes for Hydrogen Sulfide and Related Reactive Sulfur Species. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4124-4257. [PMID: 38512066 PMCID: PMC11141071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is not only a well-established toxic gas but also an important small molecule bioregulator in all kingdoms of life. In contemporary biology, H2S is often classified as a "gasotransmitter," meaning that it is an endogenously produced membrane permeable gas that carries out essential cellular processes. Fluorescent probes for H2S and related reactive sulfur species (RSS) detection provide an important cornerstone for investigating the multifaceted roles of these important small molecules in complex biological systems. A now common approach to develop such tools is to develop "activity-based probes" that couple a specific H2S-mediated chemical reaction to a fluorescent output. This Review covers the different types of such probes and also highlights the chemical mechanisms by which each probe type is activated by specific RSS. Common examples include reduction of oxidized nitrogen motifs, disulfide exchange, electrophilic reactions, metal precipitation, and metal coordination. In addition, we also outline complementary activity-based probes for imaging reductant-labile and sulfane sulfur species, including persulfides and polysulfides. For probes highlighted in this Review, we focus on small molecule systems with demonstrated compatibility in cellular systems or related applications. Building from breadth of reported activity-based strategies and application, we also highlight key unmet challenges and future opportunities for advancing activity-based probes for H2S and related RSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin G. Fosnacht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael D. Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, United States
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4
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Kim JK, Bong SY, Park R, Park J, Jang DO. An ESIPT-based fluorescent turn-on probe with isothiocyanate for detecting hydrogen sulfide in environmental and biological systems. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 278:121333. [PMID: 35537263 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A probe with an isothiocyanate group was synthesized and evaluated for its H2S sensing ability. Upon addition of H2S, the probe exhibited ratiometric properties during absorption with a red-shift. The probe exhibited fluorescent off-on responses towards H2S via the ESIPT process, due to the conversion of isocyanate into amine. UV-vis, fluorescence, and 1H NMR spectroscopic analyses were performed to investigate the sensing mechanism. The probe has a large Stokes shift, short response time, and low detection limit. It can be used to estimate H2S levels within the range of 0-36 nM. The practical applicability of the probe was demonstrated using water samples and living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Bong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Rackhyun Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Ok Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Li L, Zhang Y, Yang J, Qu W, Cao H. A turn-on fluorescent sensor for Cd2+ and sequential detection of S2− using the quinolimide scaffold. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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6
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Jothi D, Iyer SK. A highly sensitive naphthalimide based fluorescent “turn-on” sensor for H2S and its bio-imaging applications. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Jothi D, Munusamy S, Sawminathan S, Kulathu Iyer S. Highly sensitive naphthalimide based Schiff base for the fluorimetric detection of Fe 3. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11338-11346. [PMID: 35423638 PMCID: PMC8695811 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00345c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple 1,8-naphthalimide based Schiff base probe (E)-6-((4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-2-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (NDSM) has been designed and synthesized for the specific detection of Fe3+ based on a fluorimetric mode. The absorbance of NDSM at 360 nm increased significantly in acetonitrile : water (7 : 3, v/v) medium only in the presence of Fe3+ ions with a visible colour change from yellow to golden yellow. Likewise, fluorescence emission intensity at 531 nm was almost wholly quenched in the presence of Fe3+. However, other competitive ions influenced insignificantly or did not affect the optical properties of NDSM. Lysosome targetability was expected from NDSM due to the installation of a basic morpholine unit. The LOD was found to be 0.8 μM with a response time of seconds. The fluorescence reversibility of NDSM + Fe3+ was established with complexing agent EDTA. Fe3+ influences the optical properties of NDSM by complexing with it, which blocks C[double bond, length as m-dash]N isomerization in addition to the ICT mechanism. The real-time application of Fe3+ was demonstrated in test paper-based detection, by the construction of a molecular logic gate, quantification of Fe3+ in water samples and fluorescence imaging of Fe3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanapal Jothi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences and Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
| | - Sathishkumar Munusamy
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Sathish Sawminathan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences and Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
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8
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Yao GX, Li P, Zhang JQ, Wang L, Liu H, Dong WK. A highly efficient yet stable salamo-type fluorescent chemosensor with multiple responses to Cu 2+ and S 2−. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02763h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A new salamo-type compound H3L has been synthesized, and exploited as a chemosensor with multiple responses to Cu2+ and S2−. The crystal structure of the Cu(ii) complex has been determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xu Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Jin-Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Wen-Kui Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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9
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Musib D, Raza MK, Devi SS, Roy M. A reversible, benzothiazole-based “Turn-on” fluorescence sensor for selective detection of Zn2+ ions in vitro. J CHEM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-1745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Mu HR, Yu M, Wang L, Zhang Y, Ding YJ. Catching S2− and Cu2+ by a highly sensitive and efficient salamo-like fluorescence-ultraviolet dual channel chemosensor. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1756807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Mu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Meng Yu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yu-Jie Ding
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
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11
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Kwan CS, Wang T, Chan SM, Cai Z, Leung KCF. Selective detection of sulfide in human lung cancer cells with a blue-fluorescent "ON-OFF-ON" benzimidazole-based chemosensor ensemble. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5445-5453. [PMID: 32266905 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A completely water-soluble, high quantum yield blue-fluorescent benzimidazole derivative (AQ), containing a rigid benzimidazole-thiophene structure, was synthesized. Among 21 metal ions, the fluorescence of AQ was selectively turned off by Cu2+ to form an AQ-Cu2+ ensemble. Thereafter, the fluorescence of the AQ-Cu2+ ensemble was turned on by sulfide (S2-) with high selectivity and sensitivity in pure water solution. In comparison with AQ-Ag+ and AQ-Hg2+ ensembles, AQ-Cu2+ was the only ensemble that was capable of detecting a sulfide anion. Also, the fluorescence intensity of AQ was linearly proportional to the concentration of Cu2+ and S2-. Both Cu2+ and S2- were detected within a minute in vitro. Moreover, AQ worked best in the pH range of 5-10 and had a limit of detection of 50 nM and 354 nM for Cu2+ and S2- respectively. It was employed for the detection of sulfide in human lung cancer A549 cells with low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak-Shing Kwan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
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12
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Yang G, Jin X, Chen K, Yang D. Hydrogen bonding interactions induced excited state proton transfer and fluoride anion sensing mechanism for 2‐(3,5‐dichloro‐2,6‐dihydroxy‐phenyl)‐benzoxazole‐5‐carboxylicacid. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Basic Teaching DepartmentJiaozuo University Jiaozuo China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Basic Teaching DepartmentJiaozuo University Jiaozuo China
| | - Kaifeng Chen
- Basic Teaching DepartmentJiaozuo University Jiaozuo China
| | - Dapeng Yang
- College of Physics and ElectronicsNorth China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction DynamicsDalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
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13
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Abstract
A fluorescent macromolecular chemosensor, built from readily available components, performs chemical fingerprinting of carboxylate anions on low-cost, disposable paper supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
| | - Marco Bonizzoni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
- Alabama Water Institute
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14
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Development of three novel benzothiazole-based ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor for detecting of hydrazine in serum and gas phase via ESIPT process and different recognition sites. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Asaithambi G, Periasamy V. Hydrogen sulfide detection by ESIPT based fluorescent sensor: Potential in living cells imaging. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Sedgwick AC, Wu L, Han HH, Bull SD, He XP, James TD, Sessler JL, Tang BZ, Tian H, Yoon J. Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) based fluorescence sensors and imaging agents. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8842-8880. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00185e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 690] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We review recent advances in the design and application of excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) based fluorescent probes. These sensors and imaging agents (probes) are important in biology, physiology, pharmacology, and environmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Luling Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
| | - Hai-Hao Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | | | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences
| | | | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST)
- Clear Water Bay
- Kowloon
- China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750
- Korea
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17
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Ma J, Li F, Li Q, Li Y, Yan C, Lu X, Guo Y. Naked-eye and ratiometric fluorescence probe for fast and sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide and its application in bioimaging. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04208j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and ultrafast ratiometric fluorescence probe for the detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in HeLa cells and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Feifei Li
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Institute of Modern Physics
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Institute of Modern Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Yijing Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Chaoxian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
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