1
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Chen Y, Han S, Chen K, Guo X, Wen P, Chen M. Controlled Radical Copolymerization toward Tailored F/N Hybrid Polymers by Using Light-Driven Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408611. [PMID: 38924225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Controlled radical copolymerizations present attractive avenues to obtain polymers with complicated compositions and sequences. In this work, we report the development of a visible-light-driven organocatalyzed controlled copolymerization of fluoroalkenes and acyclic N-vinylamides for the first time. The approach enables the on-demand synthesis of a broad scope of amide-functionalized main-chain fluoropolymers via novel fluorinated thiocarbamates, facilitating regulations over chemical compositions and alternating fractions by rationally selecting comonomer pairs and ratios. This method allows temporally controlled chain-growth by external light, and maintains high chain-end fidelity that promotes facile preparation of block sequences. Notably, the obtained F/N hybrid polymers, upon hydrolysis, afford free amino-substituted fluoropolymers versatile for post modifications toward various functionalities (e.g., amide, sulfonamide, carbamide, thiocarbamide). We further demonstrate the in situ formation of polymer networks with desirable properties as protective layers on lithium metal anodes, presenting a promising avenue for advancing lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Shantao Han
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Kaixuan Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Peng Wen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
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2
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Ferraro V, Bizzarri C, Bräse S. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Materials Based on Earth-Abundant Transition Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Design and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404866. [PMID: 38984475 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Materials exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) based on transition metal complexes are currently gathering significant attention due to their technological potential. Their application extends beyond optoelectronics, in particular organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), and include also photocatalysis, sensing, and X-ray scintillators. From the perspective of sustainability, earth-abundant metal centers are preferred to rarer second- and third-transition series elements, thus determining a reduction in costs and toxicity but without compromising the overall performances. This review offers an overview of earth-abundant transition metal complexes exhibiting TADF and their application as photoconversion materials. Particular attention is devoted to the types of ligands employed, helping in the design of novel systems with enhanced TADF properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ferraro
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Bizzarri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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3
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Shao Y, He X, Xin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Duan L, Zou Y. New Application of Multiresonance Organic Delayed Fluorescence Dyes: High-Performance Photoinitiating Systems for Acrylate and Epoxy Photopolymerization and Photoluminescent Pattern Preparation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30344-30354. [PMID: 38819945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The primary focus of photopolymerization research is to advance highly efficient visible photoinitiating systems (PISs) as alternatives to conventional ultraviolet (UV) photoinitiators. We developed four multiresonance emitters (BIC-pCz, BNO1, BO-DICz, and TPABO-DICz) to sensitize iodonium salt (Iod) and initiate free-radical and cationic photopolymerization under visible light for the first time. The TPABO-DICz/Iod system achieved a double-bond conversion of over 70% within just 4 s of exposure to green light (520 nm), while the BNO1/Iod system achieved a double-bond conversion exceeding 50% with 10 s of exposure to red light (630 nm). The photochemical properties were studied through thermodynamic research, steady-state photolysis, and electron spin resonance. Photolithography techniques were employed to fabricate photoluminescent films and micrometer-scale patterns utilizing the blue-emitting BIC-pCz dye, showcasing the potential of photolithography in the production of photoluminescent pixels. Additionally, the BIC-pCz/Iod and TPABO-DICz/Iod systems have been employed to rapidly fabricate photoluminescent polymer patterns using a digital-light-processing 3D printer with a low-intensity light (3.2 mW cm-2). These multiresonance emitters show exceptional photosensitizing effects and can act as fluorescent dyes in photoluminescent patterns, highlighting the potential of utilizing photopolymerization for OLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayu Shao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglong He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Xin
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Duan
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingquan Zou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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Whitaker W, Sazanovich IV, Kwon Y, Jeon W, Kwon MS, Orr-Ewing AJ. Characterization of the Reversible Intersystem Crossing Dynamics of Organic Photocatalysts Using Transient Absorption Spectroscopy and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10775-10788. [PMID: 38096377 PMCID: PMC10758116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are molecules of interest as homogeneous organic photocatalysts (OPCs) for photoredox chemistry. Here, three classes of OPC candidates are studied in dichloromethane (DCM) or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions, using transient absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. These OPCs are benzophenones with either carbazole (2Cz-BP and 2tCz-BP) or phenoxazine/phenothiazine (2PXZ-BP and 2PTZ-BP) appended groups and the dicyanobenzene derivative 4DP-IPN. Dual lifetimes of the S1 state populations are observed, consistent with reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and TADF emission. Example fluorescence lifetimes in DCM are (5.18 ± 0.01) ns and (6.22 ± 1.27) μs for 2Cz-BP, (1.38 ± 0.01) ns and (0.32 ± 0.01) μs for 2PXZ-BP, and (2.97 ± 0.01) ns and (62.0 ± 5.8) μs for 4DP-IPN. From ground state bleach recoveries and time-correlated single photon counting measurements, triplet quantum yields in DCM are estimated to be 0.62 ± 0.16, 0.04 ± 0.01, and 0.83 ± 0.02 for 2Cz-BP, 2PXZ-BP, and 4DP-IPN, respectively. 4DP-IPN displays similar photophysical behavior to the previously studied OPC 4Cz-IPN. Independent of the choice of solvent, 4DP-IPN, 2Cz-BP, and 2tCz-BP are shown to be TADF emitters, whereas emission by 2PXZ-BP and 2PTZ-BP depends on the molecular environment, with TADF emission enhanced in aggregates compared to monomers. Behavior of this type is representative of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens).
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Affiliation(s)
- William Whitaker
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology
Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Yonghwan Kwon
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Woojin Jeon
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Andrew J. Orr-Ewing
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
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5
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Sandoval-Pauker C, Santander-Nelli M, Dreyse P. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence in luminescent cationic copper(i) complexes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10653-10674. [PMID: 35425025 PMCID: PMC8985689 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08082b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the photophysical characteristics of [Cu(N^N)2]+ and [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ complexes were described. The concept of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and its development throughout the years was also explained. The importance of ΔE (S1-T1) and spin-orbital coupling (SOC) values on the TADF behavior of [Cu(N^N)2]+ and [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ complexes is discussed. Examples of ΔE (S1-T1) values reported in the literature were collected and some trends were proposed (e.g. the effect of the substituents at the 2,9 positions of the phenanthroline ligand). Besides, the techniques (or calculation methods) used for determining ΔE (S1-T1) values were described. The effect of SOC in TADF was also discussed, and examples of the determination of SOC values by DFT and TD-DFT calculations are provided. The last chapter covers the applications of [Cu(N^N)2]+ and [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ TADF complexes and the challenges that are still needed to be addressed to ensure the industrial applications of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sandoval-Pauker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Av. España 1680 Casilla 2390123 Valparaíso Chile
| | - Mireya Santander-Nelli
- Advanced Integrated Technologies (AINTECH) Chorrillo Uno, Parcela 21 Lampa Santiago Chile
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins General Gana 1702 Santiago 8370854 Chile
| | - Paulina Dreyse
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Av. España 1680 Casilla 2390123 Valparaíso Chile
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6
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Lu H, Zhu X. Synthesis of
D‐π‐A‐π‐D
photoinitiator with high‐photoinitiation efficiency by restricting photoinduced isomerization process. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
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7
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Zayed EM, Zayed MA, Radwan MAA, Alminderej FM. Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, and docking study of novel 1‐(furanyl)‐3‐(pyrrolyl)propenone‐based ligand and its chelates of 3d‐transition metal ions. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M. Zayed
- Green Chemistry Department National Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Zayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. A. Radwan
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department National Research Centre Giza Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Qassim University Buraydah Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M. Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Qassim University Buraydah Saudi Arabia
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9
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Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhang R, Zhao D, Yan Q. White Light Luminescence from a Homo-conjugated Molecule with Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1893-1896. [PMID: 34014616 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Luminophores with tunable emission properties are appealing due to various applications. Among those properties, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has been attracting enormous research interests. Herein, we synthesized a 9,9'-spirobifluorene based homo-conjugated molecule 1, which connects a diphenylamino moiety as electron donor and a naphthalimide group as electron acceptor via 2,2'-positions of spirofluorene. Compound 1 displays dual emission behaviour with both blue and orange fluorescence. The one orange fluorescence around 555 nmshows sensitivity to oxygen and a prolonged lifetime of 284 ns in degassed toluene. Such characteristics imply TADF nature for this emission from a charge-transfer excited state. The other emission at 440 nm with blue colour displayed resistance to oxygen quenching and a normal fluorescence lifetime of 1.5 ns. Compared with control molecule, this emission band is assigned as conventional fluorescence from a localized excited state. In addition, dual emission property allows molecule 1 to be modulated to emit white photoluminescence in thin film with a CIE color coordinate of (0.25, 0.33).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qifan Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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10
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Concomitant initiation of radical and cationic polymerisations using new copper complexes as photoinitiators: Synthesis and characterisation of acrylate/epoxy interpenetrated polymer networks. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Noirbent G, Dumur F. Photoinitiators of polymerization with reduced environmental impact: Nature as an unlimited and renewable source of dyes. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Bryden MA, Zysman-Colman E. Organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compounds used in photocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7587-7680. [PMID: 34002736 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds that show Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) have become wildly popular as next-generation emitters in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Since 2016, a subset of these have found increasing use as photocatalysts. This review comprehensively highlights their potential by documenting the diversity of the reactions where an organic TADF photocatalyst can be used in lieu of a noble metal complex photocatalyst. Beyond the small number of TADF photocatalysts that have been used to date, the analysis conducted within this review reveals the wider potential of organic donor-acceptor TADF compounds as photocatalysts. A discussion of the benefits of compounds showing TADF for photocatalysis is presented, which paints a picture of a very promising future for organic photocatalyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Amy Bryden
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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13
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14
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Malik MS, Schlögl S, Wolfahrt M, Sangermano M. Review on UV-Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization of Epoxy Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092146. [PMID: 32962306 PMCID: PMC7570253 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-induced cationic frontal polymerization has emerged as a novel technique that allows rapid curing of various epoxy monomers upon UV irradiation within a few seconds. In the presence of a diaryliodonium salt photoinitiator together with a thermal radical initiator, the cationic ring opening polymerization of an epoxide monomer is auto-accelerated in the form of a self-propagating front upon UV irradiation. This hot propagating front generates the required enthalpy to sustain curing reaction throughout the resin formulation without further need for UV irradiation. This unique reaction pathway makes the cationic frontal polymerization a promising route towards the efficient curing of epoxy-based thermosetting resins and related composite structures. This review represents a comprehensive overview of the mechanism and progress of UV-induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxy monomers that have been reported so far in literature. At the same time, this review covers important aspects on the frontal polymerization of various epoxide monomers involving the chemistry of the initiators, the effect of appropriate sensitizers, diluents and fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Malik
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rossegerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (M.S.M.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Sandra Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rossegerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (M.S.M.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Markus Wolfahrt
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rossegerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (M.S.M.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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15
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Recent Advances on Copper Complexes as Visible Light Photoinitiators and (Photo) Redox Initiators of Polymerization. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10090953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal complexes are used in numerous chemical and photochemical processes in organic chemistry. Metal complexes have not been excluded from the interest of polymerists to convert liquid resins into solid materials. If iridium complexes have demonstrated their remarkable photochemical reactivity in polymerization, their high costs and their attested toxicities have rapidly discarded these complexes for further developments. Conversely, copper complexes are a blooming field of research in (photo) polymerization due to their low cost, easy syntheses, long-living excited state lifetimes, and their remarkable chemical and photochemical stabilities. Copper complexes can also be synthesized in solution and by mechanochemistry, paving the way towards the synthesis of photoinitiators by Green synthetic approaches. In this review, an overview of the different copper complexes reported to date is presented. Copper complexes are versatile candidates for polymerization, as these complexes are now widely used not only in photopolymerization, but also in redox and photoassisted redox polymerization processes.
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16
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Unveiling the electronic effect of substituent on sensitized photopolymerization: An experimental and theoretical investigation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Free Radical Photopolymerization and 3D Printing Using Newly Developed Dyes: Indane-1,3-Dione and 1H-Cyclopentanaphthalene-1,3-Dione Derivatives as Photoinitiators in Three-Component Systems. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of photoinitiating systems with excellent photochemical reactivities at 405nm LED is one of the obstacles to efficiently promote free radical polymerization in mild conditions (e.g., low light intensity, under air). Here, our actual search for new multicomponent photoinitiating systems at 405nm LED prompts us to develop new dyes based on push–pull structures. In the present paper, we chose two series of new dyes which possess indane-1,3-dione and 1H-cyclopenta naphthalene-1,3-dione groups as the electron-withdrawing groups, since they have the great potential to behave as sensitive and remarkable photoinitiators in vat photopolymerization/3D printing. When incorporated with a tertiary amine (ethyl dimethylaminobenzoate EDB, used as electron/hydrogen donor) and an iodonium salt (used as electron acceptor) as the three-component photoinitiating systems (PISs), and among a series of 21 dyes, 10 of them could efficiently promote the free radical photopolymerization of acrylates. Interestingly, steady state photolysis experiments revealed different behaviors of the dyes. Fluorescence experiments and free energy change calculations for redox processes were also carried out to investigate the relevant chemical mechanisms. Additionally, the formation of radicals from the investigated PISs was clearly observed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping experiments. Finally, stereoscopic 3D patterns were successfully fabricated by the laser writing technique. In this work, the use of push–pull dyes based on the naphthalene scaffold as photoinitiators of polymerization is reported for the first time in a systematic study aiming at investigating the structure–performance relationship for irradiation carried out at 405 nm. By carefully selecting the electron donors used in the two series of push–pull dyes, novel and high-performance photoinitiating systems operating at 405 nm are thus proposed.
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19
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Recent Advances on Visible Light Metal-Based Photocatalysts for Polymerization under Low Light Intensity. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9090736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, polymerization processes activated by light have attracted a great deal of interest due to the wide range of applications in which this polymerization technique is involved. Parallel to the traditional industrial applications ranging from inks, adhesives, and coatings, the development of high-tech applications such as nanotechnology and 3D-printing have given a revival of interest to this polymerization technique known for decades. To initiate a photochemical polymerization, the key element is the molecule capable to interact with light, i.e., the photoinitiator and more generally the photoinitiating system, as a combination of several components is often required to create the reactive species responsible for the polymerization process. With the aim of reducing the photoinitiator content while optimizing the polymerization yield and/or the polymerization speed, photocatalytic systems have been developed, enabling the photosensitizer to be regenerated during the polymerization process. In this review, an overview of the photocatalytic systems developed for polymerizations carried out under a low light intensity and visible light is provided. Over the years, a wide range of organometallic photocatalysts has been proposed, addressing both the polymerization efficiency and/or the toxicity, as well as environmental issues.
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20
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Jia X, Han W, Xue T, Zhao D, Li X, Nie J, Wang T. Diphenyl sulfone-based A–π-D–π-A dyes as efficient initiators for one-photon and two-photon initiated polymerization. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01778f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diphenyl sulfone-based symmetrical A–π-D–π-A dyes as efficient initiators for one-photon and two-photon initiated polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Jia
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemistry Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiang Han
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemistry Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tanlong Xue
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemistry Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemistry Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Nie
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemistry Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemistry Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
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21
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Bonardi AH, Dumur F, Noirbent G, Lalevée J, Gigmes D. Organometallic vs organic photoredox catalysts for photocuring reactions in the visible region. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:3025-3046. [PMID: 30591826 PMCID: PMC6296434 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progresses achieved in terms of synthetic procedures allow now the access to polymers of well-defined composition, molecular weight and architecture. Thanks to these recent progresses in polymer engineering, the scope of applications of polymers is far wider than that of any other class of material, ranging from adhesives, coatings, packaging materials, inks, paints, optics, 3D printing, microelectronics or textiles. From a synthetic viewpoint, photoredox catalysis, originally developed for organic chemistry, has recently been applied to the polymer synthesis, constituting a major breakthrough in polymer chemistry. Thanks to the development of photoredox catalysts of polymerization, a drastic reduction of the amount of photoinitiators could be achieved, addressing the toxicity and the extractability issues; high performance initiating abilities are still obtained due to the catalytic approach which regenerates the catalyst. As it is a fast-growing field, this review will be mainly focused on an overview of the recent advances concerning the development of organic and organometallic photoredox catalysts for the photoreticulation of multifunctional monomers for a rapid and efficient access to 3D polymer networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude-Héloise Bonardi
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
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Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for Deep Blue Organic Light Emitting Diodes: A Review of Recent Advances. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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