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Park JS, Lee IB, Hong SC, Cho M. Label-Free Interference Imaging of Intracellular Trafficking. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1565-1576. [PMID: 38781567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular cargo trafficking is a highly regulated process responsible for transporting vital cellular components to their designated destinations. This intricate journey has been a central focus of cellular biology for many years. Early investigations leaned heavily on biochemical and genetic approaches, offering valuable insight into molecular mechanisms of cellular trafficking. However, while informative, these methods lack the capacity to capture the dynamic nature of intracellular trafficking. The advent of fluorescent protein tagging techniques transformed our ability to monitor the complete lifecycle of intracellular cargos, advancing our understanding. Yet, a central question remains: How do these cargos manage to navigate through traffic challenges, such as congestion, within the crowded cellular environment? Fluorescence-based imaging, though valuable, has inherent limitations when it comes to addressing the aforementioned question. It is prone to photobleaching, making long-term live-cell imaging challenging. Furthermore, they render unlabeled cellular constituents invisible, thereby missing critical environmental information. Notably, the unlabeled majority likely exerts a significant influence on the observed behavior of labeled molecules. These considerations underscore the necessity of developing complementary label-free imaging methods to overcome the limitations of fluorescence imaging or to integrate them synergistically.In this Account, we outline how label-free interference-based imaging has the potential to revolutionize the study of intracellular traffic by offering unprecedented levels of detail. We begin with a brief introduction to our previous findings in live-cell research enabled by interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy, showcasing its aptitude and adeptness in elucidating intricate nanoscale intracellular structures. As we delved deeper into our exploration, we succeeded in the label-free visualization of the entire lifespan of nanoscale protein complexes known as nascent adhesions (NAs) and the dynamic events associated with adhesions within living cells. Our continuous efforts have led to the development of Dynamic Scattering-particle Localization Interference Microscopy (DySLIM), a generalized concept of cargo-localization iSCAT (CL-iSCAT). This label-free, high-speed imaging method, armed with iSCAT detection sensitivity, empowers us to capture quantitative and biophysical insights into cargo transport, providing a realistic view of the intricate nanoscale logistics occurring within living cells. Our in vivo studies demonstrate that intracellular cargos regularly contend with substantial traffic within the crowded cellular environment. Simultaneously, they employ inherent strategies for efficient cargo transport, such as collective migration and hitchhiking, to enhance overall transport rates─intriguingly paralleling the principle and practice of urban traffic management. We also highlight the synergistic benefits of combining DySLIM with chemical-selective fluorescent methods. This Account concludes with a "Conclusions and Outlook" section, outlining promising directions for future research and developments, with a particular emphasis on the functional application of iSCAT live-cell imaging. We aim to inspire further investigation into the efficient transport strategies employed by cells to surmount transportation challenges, shedding light on their significance in cellular phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Park
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Il-Buem Lee
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seok-Cheol Hong
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Astratov VN, Sahel YB, Eldar YC, Huang L, Ozcan A, Zheludev N, Zhao J, Burns Z, Liu Z, Narimanov E, Goswami N, Popescu G, Pfitzner E, Kukura P, Hsiao YT, Hsieh CL, Abbey B, Diaspro A, LeGratiet A, Bianchini P, Shaked NT, Simon B, Verrier N, Debailleul M, Haeberlé O, Wang S, Liu M, Bai Y, Cheng JX, Kariman BS, Fujita K, Sinvani M, Zalevsky Z, Li X, Huang GJ, Chu SW, Tzang O, Hershkovitz D, Cheshnovsky O, Huttunen MJ, Stanciu SG, Smolyaninova VN, Smolyaninov II, Leonhardt U, Sahebdivan S, Wang Z, Luk’yanchuk B, Wu L, Maslov AV, Jin B, Simovski CR, Perrin S, Montgomery P, Lecler S. Roadmap on Label-Free Super-Resolution Imaging. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2023; 17:2200029. [PMID: 38883699 PMCID: PMC11178318 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Label-free super-resolution (LFSR) imaging relies on light-scattering processes in nanoscale objects without a need for fluorescent (FL) staining required in super-resolved FL microscopy. The objectives of this Roadmap are to present a comprehensive vision of the developments, the state-of-the-art in this field, and to discuss the resolution boundaries and hurdles which need to be overcome to break the classical diffraction limit of the LFSR imaging. The scope of this Roadmap spans from the advanced interference detection techniques, where the diffraction-limited lateral resolution is combined with unsurpassed axial and temporal resolution, to techniques with true lateral super-resolution capability which are based on understanding resolution as an information science problem, on using novel structured illumination, near-field scanning, and nonlinear optics approaches, and on designing superlenses based on nanoplasmonics, metamaterials, transformation optics, and microsphere-assisted approaches. To this end, this Roadmap brings under the same umbrella researchers from the physics and biomedical optics communities in which such studies have often been developing separately. The ultimate intent of this paper is to create a vision for the current and future developments of LFSR imaging based on its physical mechanisms and to create a great opening for the series of articles in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N. Astratov
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA
| | - Yair Ben Sahel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yonina C. Eldar
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Luzhe Huang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Nikolay Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Junxiang Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Zachary Burns
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Material Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Evgenii Narimanov
- School of Electrical Engineering, and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Neha Goswami
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Emanuel Pfitzner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Teng Hsiao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica 1, Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica 1, Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Brian Abbey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aymeric LeGratiet
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-22305 Lannion, France
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Natan T. Shaked
- Tel Aviv University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Bertrand Simon
- LP2N, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS UMR 5298, Université de Bordeaux, Talence France
| | - Nicolas Verrier
- IRIMAS UR UHA 7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | | | - Olivier Haeberlé
- IRIMAS UR UHA 7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, China
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA
| | - Yeran Bai
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Behjat S. Kariman
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics and the Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory (AIST); and the Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moshe Sinvani
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Zeev Zalevsky
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guan-Jie Huang
- Department of Physics and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Chu
- Department of Physics and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Omer Tzang
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dror Hershkovitz
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ori Cheshnovsky
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mikko J. Huttunen
- Laboratory of Photonics, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stefan G. Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy – Microanalysis and Information Processing, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vera N. Smolyaninova
- Department of Physics Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, 8000 York Rd., Towson, MD 21252, USA
| | - Igor I. Smolyaninov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ulf Leonhardt
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sahar Sahebdivan
- EMTensor GmbH, TechGate, Donau-City-Strasse 1, 1220 Wien, Austria
| | - Zengbo Wang
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 1UT, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Luk’yanchuk
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Alexey V. Maslov
- Department of Radiophysics, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - Boya Jin
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA
| | - Constantin R. Simovski
- Department of Electronics and Nano-Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 199034, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stephane Perrin
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Paul Montgomery
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Sylvain Lecler
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
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Park JS, Lee IB, Moon HM, Hong SC, Cho M. Long-term cargo tracking reveals intricate trafficking through active cytoskeletal networks in the crowded cellular environment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7160. [PMID: 37963891 PMCID: PMC10645962 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A eukaryotic cell is a microscopic world within which efficient material transport is essential. Yet, how a cell manages to deliver cellular cargos efficiently in a crowded environment remains poorly understood. Here, we used interferometric scattering microscopy to track unlabeled cargos in directional motion in a massively parallel fashion. Our label-free, cargo-tracing method revealed not only the dynamics of cargo transportation but also the fine architecture of the actively used cytoskeletal highways and the long-term evolution of the associated traffic at sub-diffraction resolution. Cargos frequently run into a blocked road or experience a traffic jam. Still, they have effective strategies to circumvent those problems: opting for an alternative mode of transport and moving together in tandem or migrating collectively. All taken together, a cell is an incredibly complex and busy space where the principle and practice of transportation intriguingly parallel those of our macroscopic world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Park
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Buem Lee
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Min Moon
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Cheol Hong
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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4
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Alhaddad S, Bey H, Thouvenin O, Boulanger P, Boccara C, Boccara M, Izeddin I. Real-time detection of virus antibody interaction by label-free common-path interferometry. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2023; 3:100119. [PMID: 37662577 PMCID: PMC10470184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2023.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have a profound influence on all forms of life, motivating the development of rapid and minimally invasive methods for virus detection. In this study, we present a novel methodology that enables quantitative measurement of the interaction between individual biotic nanoparticles and antibodies in solution. Our approach employs a label-free, full-field common-path interferometric technique to detect and track biotic nanoparticles and their interactions with antibodies. It is based on the interferometric detection of light scattered by viruses in aqueous samples for the detection of individual viruses. We employ single-particle tracking analysis to characterize the size and properties of the detected nanoparticles, and to monitor the changes in their diffusive mobility resulting from interactions. To validate the sensitivity of our detection approach, we distinguish between particles having identical diffusion coefficients but different scattering signals, using DNA-loaded and DNA-devoid capsids of the Escherichia coli T5 virus phage. In addition, we have been able to monitor, in real time, the interaction between the bacteriophage T5 and purified antibodies targeting its major capsid protein pb8, as well as between the phage SPP1 and nonpurified anti-SPP1 antibodies present in rabbit serum. Interestingly, these virus-antibody interactions are observed within minutes. Finally, by estimating the number of viral particles interacting with antibodies at different concentrations, we successfully quantify the dissociation constant K d of the virus-antibody reaction using single-particle tracking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Alhaddad
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Houda Bey
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
| | | | - Pascale Boulanger
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Orsay, France
| | - Claude Boccara
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Martine Boccara
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, CNRS, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Izeddin
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
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5
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Žambochová K, Lee IB, Park JS, Hong SC, Cho M. Axial profiling of interferometric scattering enables an accurate determination of nanoparticle size. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:10101-10113. [PMID: 37157566 DOI: 10.1364/oe.480337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy has undergone significant development in recent years. It is a promising technique for imaging and tracking nanoscopic label-free objects with nanometer localization precision. The current iSCAT-based photometry technique allows quantitative estimation for the size of a nanoparticle by measuring iSCAT contrast and has been successfully applied to nano-objects smaller than the Rayleigh scattering limit. Here we provide an alternative method that overcomes such size limitations. We take into account the axial variation of iSCAT contrast and utilize a vectorial point spread function model to uncover the position of a scattering dipole and, consequently, the size of the scatterer, which is not limited to the Rayleigh limit. We found that our technique accurately measures the size of spherical dielectric nanoparticles in a purely optical and non-contact way. We also tested fluorescent nanodiamonds (fND) and obtained a reasonable estimate for the size of fND particles. Together with fluorescence measurement from fND, we observed a correlation between the fluorescent signal and the size of fND. Our results showed that the axial pattern of iSCAT contrast provides sufficient information for the size of spherical particles. Our method enables us to measure the size of nanoparticles from tens of nanometers and beyond the Rayleigh limit with nanometer precision, making a versatile all-optical nanometric technique.
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6
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Hsiao YT, Wu TY, Wu BK, Chu SW, Hsieh CL. Spinning disk interferometric scattering confocal microscopy captures millisecond timescale dynamics of living cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:45233-45245. [PMID: 36522930 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy is a highly sensitive imaging technique that uses common-path interferometry to detect the linear scattering fields associated with samples. However, when measuring a complex sample, such as a biological cell, the superposition of the scattering signals from various sources, particularly those along the optical axis of the microscope objective, considerably complicates the data interpretation. Herein, we demonstrate high-speed, wide-field iSCAT microscopy in conjunction with confocal optical sectioning. Utilizing the multibeam scanning strategy of spinning disk confocal microscopy, our iSCAT confocal microscope acquires images at a rate of 1,000 frames per second (fps). The configurations of the spinning disk and the background correction procedures are described. The iSCAT confocal microscope is highly sensitive-individual 10 nm gold nanoparticles are successfully detected. Using high-speed iSCAT confocal imaging, we captured the rapid movements of single nanoparticles on the model membrane and single native vesicles in the living cells. Label-free iSCAT confocal imaging enables the detailed visualization of nanoscopic cell dynamics in their most native forms. This holds promise to unveil cell activities that are previously undescribed by fluorescence-based microscopy.
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7
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Ding L, Shan X, Wang D, Liu B, Du Z, Di X, Chen C, Maddahfar M, Zhang L, Shi Y, Reece P, Halkon B, Aharonovich I, Xu X, Wang F. Lanthanide Ion Resonance-Driven Rayleigh Scattering of Nanoparticles for Dual-Modality Interferometric Scattering Microscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203354. [PMID: 35975425 PMCID: PMC9661846 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light scattering from nanoparticles is significant in nanoscale imaging, photon confinement. and biosensing. However, engineering the scattering spectrum, traditionally by modifying the geometric feature of particles, requires synthesis and fabrication with nanometre accuracy. Here it is reported that doping lanthanide ions can engineer the scattering properties of low-refractive-index nanoparticles. When the excitation wavelength matches the ion resonance frequency of lanthanide ions, the polarizability and the resulted scattering cross-section of nanoparticles are dramatically enhanced. It is demonstrated that these purposely engineered nanoparticles can be used for interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy. Conceptually, a dual-modality iSCAT microscopy is further developed to identify different nanoparticle types in living HeLa cells. The work provides insight into engineering the scattering features by doping elements in nanomaterials, further inspiring exploration of the geometry-independent scattering modulation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
- School of Electrical and Data EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Xuchen Shan
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
- School of Electrical and Data EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
- School of PhysicsBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Dejiang Wang
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Baolei Liu
- School of PhysicsBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Ziqing Du
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Xiangjun Di
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Chaohao Chen
- School of Electrical and Data EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Mahnaz Maddahfar
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Electrical and Data EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano FabricationDepartment of Micro/Nano ElectronicsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Peter Reece
- School of PhysicsThe University of New South WalesKensingtonNew South Wales2033Australia
| | - Benjamin Halkon
- Centre for Audio, Acoustics & VibrationFaculty of Engineering & ITUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta‐Optical Systems (TMOS)Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Electrical and Data EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
- School of PhysicsBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China
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8
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Spatiotemporal three-dimensional transport dynamics of endocytic cargos and their physical regulations in cells. iScience 2022; 25:104210. [PMID: 35479412 PMCID: PMC9035719 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular transport, regulated by complex cytoarchitectures and active driving forces, is crucial for biomolecule translocations and relates to many cellular functions. Despite extensive knowledge obtained from two-dimensional (2D) experiments, the real three-dimensional (3D) spatiotemporal characteristics of intracellular transport is still unclear. With 3D single-particle tracking, we comprehensively studied the transport dynamics of endocytic cargos. With varying timescale, the intracellular transport changes from thermal-dominated 3D-constrained motion to active-dominated quasi-2D motion. Spatially, the lateral motion is heterogeneous with peripheral regions being faster than perinuclear regions, while the axial motion is homogeneous across the cells. We further confirmed that such anisotropy and heterogeneity of vesicle transport result from actively directed motion on microtubules. Strikingly, inside the vesicles, we observed endocytic nanoparticles make diffusive motions on their inner membranes when microtubules are absent, suggesting endocytic cargos are normally localized at the inner vesicle membranes through a physical connection to the microtubules outside during transport. Endocytic transport changes from 3D-constrained to quasi-2D motions with timescales Lateral motion is heterogeneous while axial motion is homogeneous across the cells Microtubules cause the anisotropy and heterogeneity of vesicle transport Endocytic particles make diffusive motion on the inner membrane of vesicles
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9
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Hsiao YT, Tsai CN, Chen TH, Hsieh CL. Label-Free Dynamic Imaging of Chromatin in Live Cell Nuclei by High-Speed Scattering-Based Interference Microscopy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2774-2788. [PMID: 34967599 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin is a DNA-protein complex that is densely packed in the cell nucleus. The nanoscale chromatin compaction plays critical roles in the modulation of cell nuclear processes. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics of chromatin compaction states because it remains difficult to quantitatively measure the chromatin compaction level in live cells. Here, we demonstrate a strategy, referenced as DYNAMICS imaging, for mapping chromatin organization in live cell nuclei by analyzing the dynamic scattering signal of molecular fluctuations. Highly sensitive optical interference microscopy, coherent brightfield (COBRI) microscopy, is implemented to detect the linear scattering of unlabeled chromatin at a high speed. A theoretical model is established to determine the local chromatin density from the statistical fluctuation of the measured scattering signal. DYNAMICS imaging allows us to reconstruct a speckle-free nucleus map that is highly correlated to the fluorescence chromatin image. Moreover, together with calibration based on nanoparticle colloids, we show that the DYNAMICS signal is sensitive to the chromatin compaction level at the nanoscale. We confirm the effectiveness of DYNAMICS imaging in detecting the condensation and decondensation of chromatin induced by chemical drug treatments. Importantly, the stable scattering signal supports a continuous observation of the chromatin condensation and decondensation processes for more than 1 h. Using this technique, we detect transient and nanoscopic chromatin condensation events occurring on a time scale of a few seconds. Label-free DYNAMICS imaging offers the opportunity to investigate chromatin conformational dynamics and to explore their significance in various gene activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Teng Hsiao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, 1 Roosevelt Road Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Tsai
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, 1 Roosevelt Road Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, 1 Roosevelt Road Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, 1 Roosevelt Road Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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10
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Priest L, Peters JS, Kukura P. Scattering-based Light Microscopy: From Metal Nanoparticles to Single Proteins. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11937-11970. [PMID: 34587448 PMCID: PMC8517954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to detect, image, and quantify nanoscopic objects and molecules with visible light has undergone dramatic improvements over the past few decades. While fluorescence has historically been the go-to contrast mechanism for ultrasensitive light microscopy due to its superior background suppression and specificity, recent developments based on light scattering have reached single-molecule sensitivity. They also have the advantages of universal applicability and the ability to obtain information about the species of interest beyond its presence and location. Many of the recent advances are driven by novel approaches to illumination, detection, and background suppression, all aimed at isolating and maximizing the signal of interest. Here, we review these developments grouped according to the basic principles used, namely darkfield imaging, interferometric detection, and surface plasmon resonance microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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11
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Label-free, mass-sensitive single-molecule imaging using interferometric scattering microscopy. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:81-91. [PMID: 33296454 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule imaging has mostly been restricted to the use of fluorescence labelling as a contrast mechanism due to its superior ability to visualise molecules of interest on top of an overwhelming background of other molecules. Recently, interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy has demonstrated the detection and imaging of single biomolecules based on light scattering without the need for fluorescent labels. Significant improvements in measurement sensitivity combined with a dependence of scattering signal on object size have led to the development of mass photometry, a technique that measures the mass of individual molecules and thereby determines mass distributions of biomolecule samples in solution. The experimental simplicity of mass photometry makes it a powerful tool to analyse biomolecular equilibria quantitatively with low sample consumption within minutes. When used for label-free imaging of reconstituted or cellular systems, the strict size-dependence of the iSCAT signal enables quantitative measurements of processes at size scales reaching from single-molecule observations during complex assembly up to mesoscopic dynamics of cellular components and extracellular protrusions. In this review, I would like to introduce the principles of this emerging imaging technology and discuss examples that show how mass-sensitive iSCAT can be used as a strong complement to other routine techniques in biochemistry.
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12
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Park JS, Lee IB, Moon HM, Ryu JS, Kong SY, Hong SC, Cho M. Fluorescence-Combined Interferometric Scattering Imaging Reveals Nanoscale Dynamic Events of Single Nascent Adhesions in Living Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10233-10241. [PMID: 33206530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are dynamic protein nanostructures that form mechanical links between cytoskeletal actin fibers and the extracellular matrix. Here, we demonstrate that interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy, a high-speed and time-unlimited imaging technique, can uncover the real-time dynamics of nanoscopic nascent adhesions (NAs). The high sensitivity and stability of the iSCAT signal enabled us to trace the whole life span of each NA spontaneously nucleated under a lamellipodium. Such high-throughput and long-term image data provide a unique opportunity for statistical analysis of adhesion dynamics. Moreover, we directly revealed that FAs play critical roles in both the extrusion of filopodia as nucleation sites on the leading edge and the one-dimensional transport of cargos along cytoskeletal fibers as fiber docking sites. These experimental results show that iSCAT is a sensitive tool for tracking real-time dynamics of nanoscopic objects involved in endogenous and exogenous biological processes in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Park
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Il-Buem Lee
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Min Moon
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Ryu
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kong
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Seok-Cheol Hong
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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13
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Taylor RW, Holler C, Mahmoodabadi RG, Küppers M, Dastjerdi HM, Zaburdaev V, Schambony A, Sandoghdar V. High-Precision Protein-Tracking With Interferometric Scattering Microscopy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:590158. [PMID: 33224953 PMCID: PMC7669747 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.590158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mobility of proteins and lipids within the cell, sculpted oftentimes by the organization of the membrane, reveals a great wealth of information on the function and interaction of these molecules as well as the membrane itself. Single particle tracking has proven to be a vital tool to study the mobility of individual molecules and unravel details of their behavior. Interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy is an emerging technique well-suited for visualizing the diffusion of gold nanoparticle-labeled membrane proteins to a spatial and temporal resolution beyond the means of traditional fluorescent labels. We discuss the applicability of interferometric single particle tracking (iSPT) microscopy to investigate the minutia in the motion of a protein through measurements visualizing the mobility of the epidermal growth factor receptor in various biological scenarios on the live cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Taylor
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Holler
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reza Gholami Mahmoodabadi
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michelle Küppers
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Physics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Houman Mirzaalian Dastjerdi
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vasily Zaburdaev
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schambony
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Physics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Ando J, Shima T, Kanazawa R, Shimo-Kon R, Nakamura A, Yamamoto M, Kon T, Iino R. Small stepping motion of processive dynein revealed by load-free high-speed single-particle tracking. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1080. [PMID: 31974448 PMCID: PMC6978368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is a dimeric motor protein which processively moves along microtubule. Its motor domain (head) hydrolyzes ATP and induces conformational changes of linker, stalk, and microtubule binding domain (MTBD) to trigger stepping motion. Here we applied scattering imaging of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) to visualize load-free stepping motion of processive dynein. We observed artificially-dimerized chimeric dynein, which has the head, linker, and stalk from Dictyostelium discoideum cytoplasmic dynein and the MTBD from human axonemal dynein, whose structure has been well-studied by cryo-electron microscopy. One head of a dimer was labeled with 30 nm AuNP, and stepping motions were observed with 100 μs time resolution and sub-nanometer localization precision at physiologically-relevant 1 mM ATP. We found 8 nm forward and backward steps and 5 nm side steps, consistent with on- and off-axes pitches of binding cleft between αβ-tubulin dimers on the microtubule. Probability of the forward step was 1.8 times higher than that of the backward step, and similar to those of the side steps. One-head bound states were not clearly observed, and the steps were limited by a single rate constant. Our results indicate dynein mainly moves with biased small stepping motion in which only backward steps are slightly suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ando
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Aichi, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, 240-0193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riko Kanazawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Rieko Shimo-Kon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakamura
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Aichi, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, 240-0193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mayuko Yamamoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takahide Kon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryota Iino
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Aichi, Japan. .,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, 240-0193, Kanagawa, Japan.
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15
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Abstract
Interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT) is an extremely sensitive imaging method based on the efficient detection of light scattered by nanoscopic objects. The ability to, at least in principle, maintain high imaging contrast independent of the exposure time or the scattering cross section of the object allows for unique applications in single-particle tracking, label-free imaging of nanoscopic (dis)assembly, and quantitative single-molecule characterization. We illustrate these capabilities in areas as diverse as mechanistic studies of motor protein function, viral capsid assembly, and single-molecule mass measurement in solution. We anticipate that iSCAT will become a widely used approach to unravel previously hidden details of biomolecular dynamics and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Young
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom; ,
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16
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Cheng CY, Liao YH, Hsieh CL. High-speed imaging and tracking of very small single nanoparticles by contrast enhanced microscopy. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:568-577. [PMID: 30548049 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been used extensively in biology-related research and many applications require direct visualization of individual nanoparticles by optical microscopy. For long-term and high-speed measurements, scattering-based microscopy is a unique technique because of the stable and indefinite scattering signals. In scattering-based single-particle measurements, large nanoparticles are usually needed in order to generate sufficient signals for detection. However, larger nanoparticles introduce greater mass loading, experience stronger steric hindrance, and are more prone to crosslinking. In this work, we demonstrate coherent brightfield (COBRI) microscopy with enhanced contrast and show its capability of direct visualization of very small nanoparticles in scattering at a high speed. COBRI microscopy allows us to visualize and track single metallic and dielectric nanoparticles, as small as 10 nm, at 1000 frames per second. A quantitative relationship between the linear scattering cross section of the nanoparticle and its COBRI contrast is reported. Using COBRI microscopy, we further demonstrate the tracking of 10 nm gold nanoparticles labeled to lipid molecules in supported bilayer membranes, showing that the small nanoparticles may facilitate single-molecule measurements with reduced perturbation. Furthermore, the identical imaging sensitivities of COBRI and interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy, the reflection counterpart of COBRI, is demonstrated at an equal illumination intensity. Finally, future improvements in the speed and sensitivity of scattering-based interference microscopy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ya Cheng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Park JS, Lee IB, Moon HM, Joo JH, Kim KH, Hong SC, Cho M. Label-free and live cell imaging by interferometric scattering microscopy. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2690-2697. [PMID: 29732052 PMCID: PMC5914294 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04733a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent remarkable advances in microscopic techniques, it still remains very challenging to directly observe the complex structure of cytoplasmic organelles in live cells without a fluorescent label.
Despite recent remarkable advances in microscopic techniques, it still remains very challenging to directly observe the complex structure of cytoplasmic organelles in live cells without a fluorescent label. Here we report label-free and live-cell imaging of mammalian cell, Escherischia coli, and yeast, using interferometric scattering microscopy, which reveals the underlying structures of a variety of cytoplasmic organelles as well as the underside structure of the cells. The contact areas of the cells attached onto a glass substrate, e.g., focal adhesions and filopodia, are clearly discernible. We also found a variety of fringe-like features in the cytoplasmic area, which may reflect the folded structures of cytoplasmic organelles. We thus anticipate that the label-free interferometric scattering microscopy can be used as a powerful tool to shed interferometric light on in vivo structures and dynamics of various intracellular phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Park
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Il-Buem Lee
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 02841 , Korea.,Department of Physics , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea .
| | - Hyeon-Min Moon
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 02841 , Korea.,Department of Physics , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea .
| | - Jong-Hyeon Joo
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 02841 , Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea .
| | - Kyoung-Hoon Kim
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 02841 , Korea.,Department of Physics , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea .
| | - Seok-Cheol Hong
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 02841 , Korea.,Department of Physics , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea .
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 02841 , Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea .
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