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Dong W, Dai Z, Liu L, Zhang Z. Toward Clean 2D Materials and Devices: Recent Progress in Transfer and Cleaning Methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303014. [PMID: 38049925 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have tremendous potential to revolutionize the field of electronics and photonics. Unlocking such potential, however, is hampered by the presence of contaminants that usually impede the performance of 2D materials in devices. This perspective provides an overview of recent efforts to develop clean 2D materials and devices. It begins by discussing conventional and recently developed wet and dry transfer techniques and their effectiveness in maintaining material "cleanliness". Multi-scale methodologies for assessing the cleanliness of 2D material surfaces and interfaces are then reviewed. Finally, recent advances in passive and active cleaning strategies are presented, including the unique self-cleaning mechanism, thermal annealing, and mechanical treatment that rely on self-cleaning in essence. The crucial role of interface wetting in these methods is emphasized, and it is hoped that this understanding can inspire further extension and innovation of efficient transfer and cleaning of 2D materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaohe Dai
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Luqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
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Shen J, He Y, Gao C, Tao X, Yang B, Wang M, Ye G. Synthesis of Large-Area Single- to Few-Layered MoS 2 on an Ionic Liquid Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13724-13729. [PMID: 36877226 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Large-area fabrication of transition metal dichalcogenides via environmentally friendly and efficient processes has been a long-standing issue in the field of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here, we report that single- to few-layered MoS2 sheets with an average size of the order of micrometers have been successfully synthesized on an ionic liquid surface by a modified low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LP-CVD) method without the assistance of catalysts. It is found that the MoS2 sheets grown on the liquid substrate exhibit a complete molecular crystal structure, which is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy measurements. The interlayer spacing does not change significantly with the increase of the MoS2 layers, corresponding to a layer-by-layer growth pattern. The growth mechanism of the MoS2 sheets is presented according to the experimental results. The work provides a new and simple method of preparing more molecular crystals on liquid substrates and will contribute to further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Shen
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yi He
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Gao
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiangming Tao
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Gaoxiang Ye
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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Charge density, atomic bonding and band structure of two-dimensional Sn, Sb, and Pb semimetals. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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A non-two-dimensional van der Waals InSe semispherical array grown by vapor-liquid-solid method for hydrogen evolution. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Xiao H, Liang T, Xu M. Growth of Ultraflat PbI 2 Nanoflakes by Solvent Evaporation Suppression for High-Performance UV Photodetectors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901767. [PMID: 31237757 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
2D lead iodide (PbI2 ) is attracting great interest due to its great potential in the application of UV photodetectors. In this work, a facile solution-based method is developed to synthesize ultraflat PbI2 nanoflakes for high-performance UV photodetectors. By maintaining at proximate room temperature and adding an evaporation suppression solvent for slow-rate crystal growth, high-quality PbI2 nanoflakes with an ultraflat surface are obtained. The UV photodetectors based on 2D PbI2 nanoflakes exhibit a high photoresponsivity of 0.51 A W-1 , a high detectivity of 4.0 × 1010 Jones, a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 168.9%, and a rapid response speed including a rise time of 14.1 ms and a decay time of 31.0 ms. The balanced and excellent photodetector performance of these devices paves the road for practical UV photodetection based on 2D PbI2 nanoflakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
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Zhang D, Du J, Hong YL, Zhang W, Wang X, Jin H, Burn PL, Yu J, Chen M, Sun DM, Li M, Liu L, Ma LP, Cheng HM, Ren W. A Double Support Layer for Facile Clean Transfer of Two-Dimensional Materials for High-Performance Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices. ACS NANO 2019; 13:5513-5522. [PMID: 31013418 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Clean transfer of two-dimensional (2D) materials grown by chemical vapor deposition is critical for their application in electronics and optoelectronics. Although rosin can be used as a support layer for the clean transfer of graphene grown on Cu, it has not been usable for the transfer of 2D materials grown on noble metals or for large-area transfer. Here, we report a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/rosin double support layer that enables facile ultraclean transfer of large-area 2D materials grown on different metals. The bottom rosin layer ensures clean transfer, whereas the top PMMA layer not only screens the rosin from the transfer conditions but also improves the strength of the transfer layer to make the transfer easier and more robust. We demonstrate the transfer of monolayer WSe2 and WS2 single crystals grown on Au as well as large-area graphene films grown on Cu. As a result of the clean surface, the transferred WSe2 retains the intrinsic optical properties of the as-grown sample. Moreover, it does not require annealing to form good ohmic contacts with metal electrodes, enabling high-performance field effect transistors with mobility and ON/OFF ratio ∼10 times higher than those made by PMMA-transferred WSe2. The ultraclean graphene film is found to be a good anode for flexible organic photovoltaic cells with a high power conversion efficiency of ∼6.4% achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingdong Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
| | - Jinhong Du
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
| | - Yi-Lun Hong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072 , Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P.R. China
| | - Hui Jin
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P.R. China
| | - Maolin Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ming Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Shenyang Institute of Automation , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 114 Nanta Street , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 114 Nanta Street , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
| | - Lai-Peng Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute , Tsinghua University , 1001 Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
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Habib MR, Li H, Kong Y, Liang T, Obaidulla SM, Xie S, Wang S, Ma X, Su H, Xu M. Tunable photoluminescence in a van der Waals heterojunction built from a MoS 2 monolayer and a PTCDA organic semiconductor. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16107-16115. [PMID: 30113056 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of a van der Waals (vdW) heterojunction constructed by simply depositing an organic semiconductor of 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) onto a two-dimensional MoS2 monolayer. The crystallinity of PTCDA on MoS2 is significantly improved due to the vdW epitaxial growth. We observe an enhanced PL intensity and PL peak shift of the MoS2/PTCDA heterojunction compared with the solo MoS2 and PTCDA layer. The synergistic PL characteristics are believed to originate from the hybridization interaction between the MoS2 and the PTCDA as evidenced by density functional theory calculations and Raman measurements. The hybridization interfacial interaction is found to be greatly influenced by the crystalline ordering of the PTCDA film on the 2D MoS2. Our study opens up a new avenue to tune the PL of vdW heterojunctions consisting of TMDs and organic semiconductors for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rezwan Habib
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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Asokan V, Zhu D, Huang W, Wang H, Gao W, Zhang Z, Jin C. Growth of 'W' doped molybdenum disulfide on graphene transferred molybdenum substrate. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7396. [PMID: 29743558 PMCID: PMC5943342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a novel method has been carried out to grow tungsten (W) doped molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on the graphene transferred TEM grid in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) setup. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) has been used as a source for ‘W’ while ‘Mo’ has been derived from Mo based substrate. Different experimental parameters were used in this experiment. Higher gas flow rate decreases the size of the sample flake and on other side increases the dopant concentrations. The interaction mechanism between Mo, S, W and oxygen (O) have been explored. The influence of oxygen seems to be not avoidable completely which also imposes effective growth condition for the reaction of Mo with incoming sulfur atoms. The difference in the migration energies of Mo, WO3, S clusters on the graphene and the higher reactivity of Mo clusters over other possibly formed atomic clusters on the graphene leads to the growth of W doped MoS2 monolayers. Formation of MoS2 monolayer and the nature of edge doping of ‘W’ is explained well with the crystal model using underlying nucleation principles. We believe our result provide a special route to prepare W doped MoS2 on graphene substrate in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayshankar Asokan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.,Environmental Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Dancheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Hulian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Wandong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Chuanhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.
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Zhang L, Wang C, Liu XL, Xu T, Long M, Liu E, Pan C, Su G, Zeng J, Fu Y, Wang Y, Yan Z, Gao A, Xu K, Tan PH, Sun L, Wang Z, Cui X, Miao F. Damage-free and rapid transfer of CVD-grown two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides by dissolving sacrificial water-soluble layers. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:19124-19130. [PMID: 29184960 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06928f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important family members of two-dimensional (2D) materials, the growth and damage-free transfer of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) play crucial roles in their future applications. Here, we report a damage-free and highly efficient approach to transfer single and few-layer 2D TMDs to arbitrary substrates by dissolving a sacrificial water-soluble layer, which is formed underneath 2D TMD flakes simultaneously during the growth process. It is demonstrated, for monolayer MoS2, that no quality degradation is found after the transfer by performing transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence and electrical transport studies. The field effect mobility of the post-transfer MoS2 flakes was found to be improved by 2-3 orders compared with that of the as-grown ones. This approach was also demonstrated to be applicable to other TMDs, other halide salts as precursors, or other growth substrates, indicating its universality for other 2D materials. Our work may pave the way for material synthesis of future integrated electronic and optoelectronic devices based on 2D TMD materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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