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Ji H, Feng S, Yang M. Controlled Structural Relaxation of Aramid Nanofibers for Superstretchable Polymer Fibers with High Toughness and Heat Resistance. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18548-18559. [PMID: 38968387 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Polymer fibers that combine high toughness and heat resistance are hard to achieve, which, however, hold tremendous promise in demanding applications such as aerospace and military. This prohibitive design task exists due to the opposing property dependencies on chain dynamics because traditional heat-resistant materials with rigid molecular structures typically lack the mechanism of energy dissipation. Aramid nanofibers have received great attention as high-performance nanoscale building units due to their intriguing mechanical and thermal properties, but their distinct structural features are yet to be fully captured. We show that aramid nanofibers form nanoscale crimps during the removal of water, which primarily resides at the defect planes of pleated sheets, where the folding can occur. The precise control of such a structural relaxation can be realized by exerting axial loadings on hydrogel fibers, which allows the emergence of aramid fibers with varying angles of crimps. These crimped fibers integrate high toughness with heat resistance, thanks to the extensible nature of nanoscale crimps with rigid molecular structures of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), promising as a template for stable stretchable electronics. The tensile strength/modulus (392-944 MPa/11-29 GPa), stretchability (25-163%), and toughness (154-445 MJ/cm3) are achieved according to the degree of crimping. Intriguingly, a toughness of around 430 MJ/m3 can be maintained after calcination below the relaxation temperature (259 °C) for 50 h. Even after calcination at 300 °C for 10 h, a toughness of 310 MJ/m3 is kept, outperforming existing polymer materials. Our multiscale design strategy based on water-bearing aramid nanofibers provides a potent pathway for tackling the challenge for achieving conflicting property combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shouhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Cheng C, Liao X, Silva JMDSE, Conceição ALC, Carlos D, Agarwal S, Hou H, Greiner A, Feng W. Polymeric Fibers with High Strength and High Toughness at Extreme Temperatures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407712. [PMID: 38940342 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Developing strong and simultaneously tough polymeric materials with excellent thermal stability and mechanical performance even under extreme temperatures is truly a challenge. In a disruptive progress, continuous polymeric yarns are developed with a combination of high tensile strength of (1145 ± 44) MPa and ultrahigh toughness of (350 ± 24) J g-1 and high thermomechanical properties from -196 to 200 °C. The comprehensive thermomechanical performance of this yarn surpasses that of previously developed polymeric materials and dragline spider silks. The results demonstrate that the molecular structure of polyimide (PI) with the incorporation of flexible-rigid macromolecular, hierarchically spiral-oriented fibers, and high glass transition temperature (248 °C) are keys for the yarn's notable comprehensive performance in thermomechanical properties. The materials are ideal for technical components exposed to high thermomechanical loadings, such as those encountered in spacecraft or automotive engineering for safety-critical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyun Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | | | - Andre L C Conceição
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dias Carlos
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Haoqing Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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Cheng S, Ai J, Zhou Q, Li W, Zhang H. Properties of Multistranded Twisted Graphene Fibers and Their Application in Flexible Light-Emitting Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30218-30227. [PMID: 38832556 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
As a typical carbon-based material electrode, graphene fiber exhibits many advantages, such as good electrical conductivity, lightweight, and strong structural designability. Its demand is increasing in the wearable display field. With the help of fine denier fiber spinning combined with multistranded graphene fibers prepared via twisting and drafting, their petal-like twisted structure endows the fibers with a high specific surface area, enabling them to complete dye adsorption within 30 min. Simultaneously, compared with that of a single fiber with the same thickness, the volume specific resistance of a multistranded twisted graphene fiber is reduced by 2.4 times. During force sensing, the twisted structure of multistranded fibers exhibits varying simultaneity of fiber fracture with excellent resistance sensitivity reaching up to 55%. The multistranded twisted flexible graphene fibers demonstrate excellent robustness. Electroluminescent flexible devices prepared with graphene fibers and fiber braided fabrics with different organizational structures as electrodes emit highly saturated short-wave blue light during long-term multiple use. Therefore, multistranded twisted graphene fibers exhibit considerable potential for future applications in wearable multicolor smart displays and flexible optical signal electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Jiao Ai
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering International Institute of Silk, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Huanxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
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Zhang H, Wu W, Ma H, Cao J. Hollow graphene fibres of highly ordered structure via coaxial wet spinning with application to multi-functional flexible wearables. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liao X, Dulle M, de Souza E Silva JM, Wehrspohn RB, Agarwal S, Förster S, Hou H, Smith P, Greiner A. High strength in combination with high toughness in robust and sustainable polymeric materials. Science 2020; 366:1376-1379. [PMID: 31831668 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay9033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In materials science, there is an intrinsic conflict between high strength and high toughness, which can be resolved for different materials only through the use of innovative design principles. Advanced materials must be highly resistant to both deformation and fracture. We overcome this conflict in man-made polymer fibers and show multifibrillar polyacrylonitrile yarn with a toughness of 137 ± 21 joules per gram in combination with a tensile strength of 1236 ± 40 megapascals. The nearly perfect uniaxial orientation of the fibrils, annealing under tension in the presence of linking molecules, is essential for the yarn's notable mechanical properties. This underlying principle can be used to create similar strong and tough fibers from other commodity polymers in the future and can be used in a variety of applications in areas such as biomedicine, satellite technology, textiles, aircrafts, and automobiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liao
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Martin Dulle
- JCNS-1/ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Ralf B Wehrspohn
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems (IMWS), Walter-Hülse-Straße 1, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stephan Förster
- JCNS-1/ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Physical Chemistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Haoqing Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul Smith
- ETH Zürich, HCP F41.2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Xu T, Zhang Z, Qu L. Graphene-Based Fibers: Recent Advances in Preparation and Application. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901979. [PMID: 31334581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based fibers (GBFs) are macroscopic 1D assemblies formed by using microscopic 2D graphene sheets as building blocks. Their unique structure exhibits the same merits as graphene such as low weight, high specific surface area, excellent mechanical/electrical properties, and ease of functionalization. Furthermore, the fibrous nature of GBFs is intrinsically compatible with existing textile technologies, making them suitable for applications in flexible and wearable electronics. Recently, novel synthetic methods have endowed GBFs with new structures and functions, further improving their mechanical and electrical properties. These improvements have rapidly bridged the gaps between laboratory demonstrations and real-life applications in fiber-shaped batteries, supercapacitors, and electrochemical sensors. Recent advances in the fabrication, optimization, and application of GBFs are systematically reviewed and a perspective on their future development is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhipan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Liangti Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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Asadi Miankafshe M, Bashir T, Persson NK. Electrostatic grafting of graphene onto polyamide 6,6 yarns for use as conductive elements in smart textile applications. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06437k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic graphene-grafted conductive yarns were prepared based on a scalable manufacturing method using conventional polyamide 6,6 (PA 6,6) multifilament yarns, common in the textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Asadi Miankafshe
- The Swedish School of Textile, Polymeric E-textiles
- University of Borås
- SE-501 90 Borås
- Sweden
- Smart Textiles
| | - Tariq Bashir
- The Swedish School of Textile, Polymeric E-textiles
- University of Borås
- SE-501 90 Borås
- Sweden
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery
| | - Nils-Krister Persson
- The Swedish School of Textile, Polymeric E-textiles
- University of Borås
- SE-501 90 Borås
- Sweden
- Smart Textiles
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Li Q, Liu C. Fast-response, agile and functional soft actuators based on highly-oriented carbon nanotube thin films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 31:085501. [PMID: 31627200 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4f2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Highly-oriented carbon nanotube (CNT) film, which is made from super-aligned CNT array, is an even, tough and soft material. This CNT film has strong anisotropy in electrical and mechanical properties. The electrical conductivity and Young's modulus of the CNT film (2.8 × 104S m-1, 3000 MPa) along the CNT aligned direction are one magnitude larger than those (2.3 × 103S m-1, 200 MPa) along the vertical direction. In virtue of easy preparation and good processability, it is competent as high-performance flexible electrodes for soft actuators, advanced film capacitors and batteries. Here, we use this highly-oriented CNT film as a heating electrode to make fast-response soft actuators. The actuator has a thin bilayer composite structure and is driven by current heating. It takes a typical miniaturized actuator only 0.9 s to perform fast and large-angle deformations (270° bending, curvature 4.8 cm-1), and its bending speed can reach 300° s-1by low power driving (2.4 W). Based on this CNT film, graphical designs and fine processing were carried out to make patterned electrodes and functional actuators, such as cross-shaped and hand-shaped ones. Notably, a well-designed gripper-like actuator can even deftly grab and manipulate some tiny things, e.g. a grain of rice. Moreover, the anisotropic properties of the CNT film also effectively influence and regulate the deformation forms of the actuators. In virtue of good and unique performances in electrical, mechanical and thermal aspects, the high-oriented CNT film would have promising application prospects in various emerging soft devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Li
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Liu
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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