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Sinitsa AS, Polynskaya YG, Matsokin NA, Kedalo YM, Knizhnik AA, Popov AM. Formation of the icosahedral C 60 fullerene via migration of single sp atoms and annihilation of sp-atom pairs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:21905-21911. [PMID: 39105668 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02490g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The disappearance of sp2 structural defects during abundant fullerene isomer formation is considered within the framework of the atomistic mechanism with participation of carbon atoms with sp hybridization. The study is carried out using the example of the icosahedral C60-Ih fullerene formation from the appropriate C58-C2v fullerene with a 7-ring. In this case the studied atomistic mechanism includes the following stages: (1) insertion of single carbon atoms into the fullerene from carbon vapor as an sp-atom instead of or above a bond, (2) directional migration of the sp-atom positions towards the 7-ring with decrease of energy, and (3) meeting of two sp atoms near the 7-ring with annihilation of the sp-atom pair and formation of the sp2 structure of the C60-Ih fullerene. The probabilities of all possible sp-atom positions on the appropriate C58-C2v fullerene shell are estimated as a function of temperature using the total energies of these positions obtained by spin-polarized density functional theory calculations using the PBE functional. Based on these estimations, it is shown that formation of the C60-Ih isomer is the most probable within the framework of the considered mechanism relative to other C60 isomers. The energetics of sp-atom pair annihilation in the formation of the C60-Ih isomer is also studied via DFT calculations. The advantages of the considered atomistic mechanism of the abundant fullerene isomer formation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Sinitsa
- Kintech Lab Ltd., 3rd Khoroshevskaya Street 12, Moscow 123298, Russia.
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Square 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | | | - Nikita A Matsokin
- Kintech Lab Ltd., 3rd Khoroshevskaya Street 12, Moscow 123298, Russia.
| | - Yegor M Kedalo
- Kintech Lab Ltd., 3rd Khoroshevskaya Street 12, Moscow 123298, Russia.
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Square 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Andrey A Knizhnik
- Kintech Lab Ltd., 3rd Khoroshevskaya Street 12, Moscow 123298, Russia.
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Square 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Andrey M Popov
- Institute of Spectroscopy of Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street 5, Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia
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Zhao L, Doddipatla S, Kaiser RI, Lu W, Kostko O, Ahmed M, Tuli LB, Morozov AN, Howlader AH, Wnuk SF, Mebel AM, Azyazov VN, Mohamed RK, Fischer FR. Gas-phase synthesis of corannulene – a molecular building block of fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5740-5749. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06537d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Corannulene can be formed through molecular mass growth processes in circumstellar envelopes.
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