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Guo W, Song X, Liu J, Liu W, Chu X, Lei Z. Quantum Dots as a Potential Multifunctional Material for the Enhancement of Clinical Diagnosis Strategies and Cancer Treatments. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1088. [PMID: 38998693 PMCID: PMC11243735 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) represent a class of nanoscale wide bandgap semiconductors, and are primarily composed of metals, lipids, or polymers. Their unique electronic and optical properties, which stem from their wide bandgap characteristics, offer significant advantages for early cancer detection and treatment. Metal QDs have already demonstrated therapeutic potential in early tumor imaging and therapy. However, biological toxicity has led to the development of various non-functionalized QDs, such as carbon QDs (CQDs), graphene QDs (GQDs), black phosphorus QDs (BPQDs) and perovskite quantum dots (PQDs). To meet the diverse needs of clinical cancer treatment, functionalized QDs with an array of modifications (lipid, protein, organic, and inorganic) have been further developed. These advancements combine the unique material properties of QDs with the targeted capabilities of biological therapy to effectively kill tumors through photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other means. In addition to tumor-specific therapy, the fluorescence quantum yield of QDs has gradually increased with technological progress, enabling their significant application in both in vivo and in vitro imaging. This review delves into the role of QDs in the development and improvement of clinical cancer treatments, emphasizing their wide bandgap semiconductor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xueru Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wanyi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zengjie Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
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Yin S, Yang H, Wu Y, Wang Z, Yu C, Tang Y, Wang G. Recent advances in biological molecule detection based on a three-dimensional graphene structure. Analyst 2024; 149:1364-1380. [PMID: 38314837 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01932b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Graphene has become an attractive material in the field of electrochemical detection owing to its unique electrical properties. Although the simple stacking structures of two-dimensional (2D) graphene sheets can provide excellent detection properties, a macroscopic three-dimensional (3D) structure needs to be constructed to enhance its functional properties. Graphene with a 3D structure has elegant functions, unlike graphene with a 2D structure. These properties include a large specific surface area, easy loading of nanomaterials with electrocatalytic and redox functions, and so on. Herein, we outline the preparation methods (self-assembly, chemical vapor deposition, templates, and 3D printing) for 3D graphene structures for obtaining excellent detection performance and applications in detecting biological molecules, bacteria, and cells. Furthermore, this review focuses on the improvement of the detection performance and enhancement of the applicability of graphene-based electrochemical sensors. We hope that this article will provide a reference for the future development of electrochemical sensors based on 3D graphene composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Hanyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yuyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Chenhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Guangbin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P. R. China.
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Jing HH, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Sasidharan S. The future of plant based green carbon dots as cancer Nanomedicine: From current progress to future Perspectives and beyond. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00048-1. [PMID: 38320729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of carbon dots (CDs) as anticancer agents had sparked a transformation in cancer research and treatment strategies. These fluorescent CDs, initially introduced in the early 2000 s, possess exceptional biocompatibility, tunable fluorescence, and surface modification capabilities, positioning them as promising tools in biomedical applications. AIM OF REVIEW The review encapsulates the transformative trajectory of green CDs as future anticancer nanomedicine, poised to redefine the strategies employed in the ongoing fight against cancer. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The versatility of CDs was rooted in their various synthesis approaches and sustainable strategies, enabling their adaptability for diverse therapeutic uses. In vitro studies had showcased CDs' selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells while sparing healthy counterparts, forming the basis for targeted therapeutic potential. This selectivity had been attributed to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which opened avenues for targeted interventions. The role of CDs in combination therapies, synergizing with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted approaches was then investigated to heighten their anticancer efficacy. Notably, in vivo studies highlight CDs' remarkable biocompatibility and minimal side effects, endorsing their translational promise. Integration with conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy amplified the versatility and effectiveness of CDs. The exploration of CDs' applications in photo-induced treatments further solidified their significance, positioning them as photosensitizers (PS) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal agents (PA) in photothermal therapy (PTT). In PDT, CDs triggered the generation of ROS upon light exposure, facilitating cancer cell elimination, while in PTT, they induced localized hyperthermia within cancer cells, enhancing therapeutic outcomes. In vitro and in vivo investigations validated CDs' efficacy in PDT and PTT, affirming their potential for integration into combination therapies. Looking ahead, the future of CDs in anticancer treatment encompasses bioavailability, biocompatibility, synergistic treatments, tumor targeting, artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics integration, personalized medicine, and clinical translation. This transformative odyssey of CDs as future anticancer agents is poised to redefine the paradigm of cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hui Jing
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Ali A Shati
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Serag Eldin I Elbehairi
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; Cell Culture Lab, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA Holding Company), 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa St., Agouza, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia.
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4
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Carbon dots as potential greener and sustainable fluorescent nanomaterials in service of pollutants sensing. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Park KH, Song SH. Graphene Quantum Dots with Blue and Yellow Luminescence Fabricated by Modulating Intercalation State. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6567. [PMID: 36233909 PMCID: PMC9572107 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with low toxicity, excellent dispersibility, and high photostability has led to extensive progress in bio-imaging and optical sensing applications. However, one-pot synthesis and mass production of GQDs, and tuning their photoluminescence, remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate a simple and scalable method for fabricating GQDs with high size uniformity and chemical stability, via a sequential process of inserting alkali metal into graphite (Stage I: KC8 and Stage II: KC24) and exfoliation to GQDs in a selected solvent. Structural and optical measurements were conducted, and the emitted colors of the as-prepared GQDs were blue (KC8) and yellow (KC24), respectively. The stage of graphite intercalation in the compounds played an important role in the size and thickness of the GQD. The as-prepared GQDs had clear characteristic peaks consistent with the quantum confinement effect and intrinsic/extrinsic states. Our approach will provide great potential for a wide variety of bioimaging and bioanalysis applications.
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Nazarkovsky M, Mikhraliieva A, Achete CA, Alves LA, Araujo J, Archanjo BS, de Barros JJF, Cardoso LMDF, Couceiro JNSS, Marques FD, Oliveira BS, de Souza RND, Teixeira AJ, Vasconcelos TL, Zaitsev V. Rational design of large flat nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots with green-luminescence suitable for biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14342-14355. [PMID: 35702221 PMCID: PMC9096629 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rational synthesis and simple methodology for the purification of large (35-45 nm in lateral size) and flat (1.0-1.5 nm of height) nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) are presented. The methodology allows robust metal-free and acid-free preparation of N-GOQDs with a yield of about 100% and includes hydrothermal treatment of graphene oxide with hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. It was demonstrated that macroscopic impurities can be separated from N-GOQD suspension by their coagulation with 0.9% NaCl solution. Redispersible in water and saline solutions, particles of N-GOQDs were characterized using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), photoluminescent, XPS, and UV-VIS spectroscopies. The size and morphology of N-GOQDs were studied by dynamic light scattering, AFM, SEM, and TEM. The procedure proposed allows nitrogen-doped GOQDs to be obtained, having 60-51% of carbon, 34-45% of oxygen, and up to 7.2% of nitrogen. The N-GOQD particles obtained in two hours of synthesis contain only pyrrolic defects of the graphene core. The fraction of pyridine moieties grows with the time of synthesis, while the fraction of quaternary nitrogen declines. Application of TERS allows demonstration that the N-GOQDs consist of a graphene core with an average crystallite size of 9 nm and an average distance between nearest defects smaller than 3 nm. The cytotoxicity tests reveal high viability of the monkey epithelial kidney cells Vero in the presence of N-GOQDs in a concentration below 60 mg L-1. The N-GOQDs demonstrate green luminescence with an emission maximum at 505 nm and sedimentation stability in the cell culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nazarkovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Marques de Sao Vicente, 225 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Albina Mikhraliieva
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Marques de Sao Vicente, 225 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Carlos A Achete
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Inmetro Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias 25250-020 Brazil
| | - Luiz Anastacio Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation 4365 Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro 21045-900 Brazil
| | - Joyce Araujo
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Inmetro Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias 25250-020 Brazil
| | - Bráulio S Archanjo
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Inmetro Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias 25250-020 Brazil
| | | | - Liana Monteiro da Fonseca Cardoso
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation 4365 Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro 21045-900 Brazil
| | - José Nelson S S Couceiro
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Fernanda Davi Marques
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Inmetro Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias 25250-020 Brazil
| | - Bruno S Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Inmetro Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias 25250-020 Brazil
| | - Rafael Nascimento Dias de Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Inmetro Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias 25250-020 Brazil
| | - Ayla Josma Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation 4365 Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro 21045-900 Brazil
| | - Thiago L Vasconcelos
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Inmetro Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias 25250-020 Brazil
| | - Vladimir Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Marques de Sao Vicente, 225 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy 2 Skovorody Vul. Kyiv 04070 Ukraine
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Shen L, Zhou S, Huang F, Zhou H, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhou S. Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots synthesized by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid from laser induced graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:115602. [PMID: 34874289 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were synthesized by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid using laser induced graphene as the carbon source. Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) were successfully synthesized by adding ammonia water to the graphene suspension. The GQDs/N-GQDs structure consist of a graphitic core with oxygen and nitrogen functionalities with particle size less than 10 nm, as demonstrated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier infrared spectrometer spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The absorption peak, PL spectrum, and quantum yield of the N-GQDs were significantly enhanced compared with the undoped GQDs. Further, the possible mechanism of synthesis GQDs was discussed. Furthermore, the N-GQDs were used as a fluorescent probe for detection of Fe3+ions. The N-GQDs may extend the application of graphene-based materials to bioimaging, sensor, and photoelectronic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Sikun Zhou
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shutong Wang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouhuan Zhou
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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8
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Pimsin N, Kongsanan N, Keawprom C, Sricharoen P, Nuengmatcha P, Oh WC, Areerob Y, Chanthai S, Limchoowong N. Ultratrace Detection of Nickel(II) Ions in Water Samples Using Dimethylglyoxime-Doped GQDs as the Induced Metal Complex Nanoparticles by a Resonance Light Scattering Sensor. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14796-14805. [PMID: 34151061 PMCID: PMC8209797 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize dimethylglyoxime (DMG) (N-source)-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) via simultaneous pyrolysis of citric acid and 1.0% (w/v) DMG. The maximum excitation wavelength (λmax, ex = 380 nm) of the N-GQD solution (49% quantum yield (QY)) was a red shift with respect to that of bare GQDs (λmax, ex = 365 nm) (46% QY); at the same maximum emission wavelength (λmax, em = 460 nm), their resonance light scattering (RLS) intensity peak was observed at λmax, ex/em = 530/533 nm. FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XRD, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed to examine the synthesized materials. The selective and sensitive detection of Ni2+ using the RLS intensity was performed at 533 nm under the optimum conditions consisting of both 25 mg L-1 N-GQDs and 2.5 mg L-1 DMG in the ammonium buffer solution of pH 9.0. The linearity of Ni2+ was 50.0-200.0 μg L-1 with a regression line, y = 5.031x - 190.4 (r 2 = 0.9948). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were determined to be 20.0 and 60.0 μg L-1, respectively. The method precision expressed as % RSDs was 4.90 for intraday (n = 3 × 3) and 7.65 for interday (n = 5 × 3). This developed method afforded good recoveries of Ni2+ in a range of 85-108% when spiked with real water samples. Overall, this innovative method illustrated the identification and detection of Ni2+ as a DMG complex with N-GQDs, and the detection was highly sensitive and selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipaporn Pimsin
- Materials
Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence
for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Niradchada Kongsanan
- Materials
Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence
for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chayanee Keawprom
- Materials
Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence
for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Phitchan Sricharoen
- Nuclear
Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Prawit Nuengmatcha
- Nanomaterials
Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science
and Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat
University, Nakhon
Si Thammarat 80280, Thailand
| | - Won-Chun Oh
- Department
of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungnam 31962, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonrapach Areerob
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Saksit Chanthai
- Materials
Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence
for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nunticha Limchoowong
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot
University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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Kuo WS, Chang CY, Liu JC, Chen JH, So EC, Wu PC. Two-Photon Photoexcited Photodynamic Therapy with Water-Soluble Fullerenol Serving as the Highly Effective Two-Photon Photosensitizer Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6813-6825. [PMID: 33061357 PMCID: PMC7513794 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s236897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strain is a serious medical problem. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to many antibiotics and is often associated with several diseases such as arthritis, osteomyelitis, and endocarditis. The development of an alternative treatment for eliminating MDR bacteria such as MRSA has attracted a considerable amount of research attention. Moreover, the development of a material for highly efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) involving two-photon photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently desirable. Materials and Methods We present an example demonstrating that the use of water-soluble C60(OH)30 fullerenol with a 0.89 singlet oxygen quantum yield serving as a photosensitizer in PDT has the superior ability in effectively generating ROS. Results It has ultra-low energy (228.80 nJ pixel-1) and can perform 900 scans under two-photon excitation (TPE) in the near-infrared region (760 nm) to completely eliminate the MDR species. Furthermore, the favorable two-photon properties are absorption of approximately 760 nm in wavelength, absolute cross-section of approximately 1187.50 Göeppert-Mayer units, lifetime of 6.640 ns, ratio of radiative to nonradiative decay rates of approximately 0.053, and two-photon stability under TPE. Conclusion This enabled water-soluble C60(OH)30 fullerenol to act as a promising two-photon photosensitizer proceeding with PDT to easily eliminate MDR species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shuo Kuo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, People's Republic of China.,Allergy & Clinical Immunology Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chia-Yuan Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Jui-Chang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- Department of Anesthesia & Medicine Research, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesia, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Edmund Cheung So
- Department of Anesthesia & Medicine Research, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesia, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Ping-Ching Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan Republic of China
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10
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Younis MR, He G, Lin J, Huang P. Recent Advances on Graphene Quantum Dots for Bioimaging Applications. Front Chem 2020; 8:424. [PMID: 32582629 PMCID: PMC7283876 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Being a zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterial of the carbon family, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) showed promising biomedical applications owing to their ultra-small size, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, excellent photo stability, tunable fluorescence, and water solubility, etc., thus capturing a considerable attention in biomedical field. This review summarizes the recent advances made in the research field of GQDs and place special emphasis on their bioimaging applications. We briefly introduce the synthesis strategies of GQDs, including top-down and bottom-up strategies. The bioimaging applications of GQDs are also discussed in detail, including optical [fluorescence (FL)], two-photon FL, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dual-modal imaging. In the end, the challenges and future prospects to advance the clinical bioimaging applications of GQDs have also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Mikhraliieva A, Zaitsev V, Aucélio RQ, da Motta HB, Nazarkovsky M. Benefit of porous silica nanoreactor in preparation of fluorescence carbon dots from citric acid. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab7e0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A facile and robust synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) emitting blue-light in water without activation and stabilization has been developed by pyrolysis of citric acid (CA) adsorbed in silica gel (SiO2) pores. Effect of the host pore size on luminescent properties of SiO2@CDs nanocomposite as well as water suspension of CDs has been studied. The synthesis conditions such as concentration of the precursor, duration of synthesis also have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that upon the thermal treatment of silica gels saturated with CA (60% of maximum loading) at 170 °C for 5–600 min, luminescent CDs are shaped inside the nanoreactor pores. These SiO2@CDs emit photoluminescence centered at 450 nm. Silica-immobilized CDs can be separated from the source molecules and side-products by centrifugation, which allows avoiding the dialysis of the resulted mixture and so improve the scaling of the synthesis. The CDs can be easily released from SiO2@CDs by washing it with water. Water-eluted CDs demonstrate photoluminescence at 447 nm. The smaller pore size of the host and longer time of thermal treatment promote the formation of the CDs with better photoluminescent peak symmetry and higher quantum yield up to 10.1%.
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12
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Kuo WS, Wang JY, Chang CY, Liu JC, Shao YT, Lin YS, So EC, Wu PC. Water-Soluble Fullerenol with Hydroxyl Group Dependence for Efficient Two-Photon Excited Photodynamic Inactivation of Infectious Microbes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:99. [PMID: 32378063 PMCID: PMC7203358 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We successfully prepared water-soluble fullerenol [C60(OH)46] that exhibited a high singlet oxygen quantum yield and efficiently generated reactive oxygen species. Additionally, the water-soluble C60(OH)46 with a higher composition of exposed hydroxyl groups had superior two-photon stability and characteristics compared with that with a lower composition of such groups. Therefore, the prepared fullerenol can be an effective two-photon photosensitizer. The water-soluble C60(OH)46 had favorable two-photon properties. During two-photon photodynamic therapy, the water-soluble C60(OH)46 had substantial antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli at an ultralow-energy level of 211.2 nJ pixel-1 with 800 scans and a photoexcited wavelength of 760 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shuo Kuo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China
- Allergy & Clinical Immunology Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Allergy & Clinical Immunology Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Yuan Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jui-Chang Liu
- Allergy & Clinical Immunology Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Shao
- Allergy & Clinical Immunology Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yen-Sung Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, 709, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Edmund Cheung So
- Department of Anesthesia & Medicine Research, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, 709, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 711, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Anesthesia, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Ping-Ching Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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13
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Pandey S, Bodas D. High-quality quantum dots for multiplexed bioimaging: A critical review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 278:102137. [PMID: 32171116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioimaging done using two or more fluorophores possessing different emission wavelengths can be termed as a multicolor/multiplexed bioimaging technique. Traditionally, images are captured sequentially using multiple fluorophores having specific excitation and emission. For this purpose, multifunctional nanoprobes, such as organic fluorophores, metallic nanoparticles, semiconductor quantum dots, and carbon dots (CDs) are used. Among these fluorophores, quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as an ideal probe for multiplexed bioimaging due to their unique property of size tunable emission. However, the usage of quantum dots in bioimaging is limited due to their toxicity. Furthermore, the reproducibility of optical properties is cynical. These desirable properties, along with enhancement in quantum efficiency, photostability, fluorescence lifetime, etc. can be achieved by stringent control over synthesis parameters. This review summarizes the desirable properties and synthesis methods of such superior QDs followed by their application in multiplexed imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaxna Pandey
- Nanobioscience group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Dhananjay Bodas
- Nanobioscience group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411 007, India.
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14
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Zhang L, Wang J, Fang G, Deng J, Wang S. A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Capped Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dots System for Sensitive Determination of Tetracycline in Animal‐Derived Food. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
- School of Food Science, H enan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang Henan 453003 China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Guozhen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Jiankang Deng
- College of Life Science Hengshui University, Hengshui Hebei 053000 China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin 300500 China
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15
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Lu H, Li W, Dong H, Wei M. Graphene Quantum Dots for Optical Bioimaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902136. [PMID: 31304647 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have shown great potential in bioimaging applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, feasibility for surface functionalization, physiological stability, and tunable fluorescence properties. This Review first introduces the intriguing optical properties of GQDs that are suitable for biological imaging, and is followed by the GQDs' synthetic strategies. The emergent and latest development methods for tuning GQDs' optical properties are further described in detail. The recent advanced applications of GQDs in vitro, particularly in cell imaging, targeted imaging, and theranostic nanoplatform fabrication, are included. The applications of GQDs for in vivo bioimaging are also covered. Finally, the Review is concluded with the challenges and prospectives that face this nascent yet exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Dong
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Menglian Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, T6G, 2G2, Canada
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16
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Fluorescent carbon dots functionalization. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 270:165-190. [PMID: 31265929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as a new type of luminescent zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, have been applied in a variety of fields. Currently, functionalization of CDs is an extremely useful method for effectively tuning their intrinsic structure and surface state. Heteroatom doping and surface modification are two functionalization strategies for improving the photophysical performance and broadening the range of applications for fluorescent CDs. Heteroatom doping in CDs can be used to tune their intrinsic properties, which has received significant research interests because of its simplicity. Surface modification can be applied for varying active sites and the functional groups on the CDs surface, which can endow fluorescent CDs with the unique properties resulting from functional ligand. In this review, we summarize the structural and physicochemical properties of functional CDs. We focused our review on the latest developments in functionalization strategies for CDs and discuss the detailed characteristics of different functionalization methods. Ultimately, we hope to inform researchers on the latest progress in functionalization of CDs and provide perspectives on future developments for functionalization of CDs and their potential applications.
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17
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Sharma S, Singh N, Nepovimova E, Korabecny J, Kuca K, Satnami ML, Ghosh KK. Interaction of synthesized nitrogen enriched graphene quantum dots with novel anti-Alzheimer’s drugs: spectroscopic insights. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1822-1837. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1619625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Sharma
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Ramrao Adik Institute of Technology, DY Patil University, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Manmohan L. Satnami
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Kallol K. Ghosh
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
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18
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Sun X, Li HJ, Ou N, Lyu B, Gui B, Tian S, Qian D, Wang X, Yang J. Visible-Light Driven TiO₂ Photocatalyst Coated with Graphene Quantum Dots of Tunable Nitrogen Doping. Molecules 2019; 24:E344. [PMID: 30669386 PMCID: PMC6359080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) were successfully prepared via a hydrothermal method using citric acid and urea as the carbon and nitrogen precursors, respectively. Due to different post-treatment processes, the obtained NGQDs with different surface modifications exhibited blue light emission, while their visible-light absorption was obviously different. To further understand the roles of nitrogen dopants and N-containing surface groups of NGQDs in the photocatalytic performance, their corresponding composites with TiO₂ were utilized to degrade RhB solutions under visible-light irradiation. A series of characterization and photocatalytic performance tests were carried out, which demonstrated that NGQDs play a significant role in enhancing visible-light driven photocatalytic activity and the carrier separation process. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the NGQDs/TiO₂ composites can possibly be attributed to an enhanced visible light absorption ability, and an improved separation and transfer rate of photogenerated carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Sun
- School of Materials Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- School of Materials Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Nanquan Ou
- School of Materials Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Bowen Lyu
- School of Materials Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Bojie Gui
- School of Materials Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Shiwei Tian
- School of Materials Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Dongjin Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220 Handan Rd., Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xianying Wang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Junhe Yang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China.
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Kuo WS, Shao YT, Huang KS, Chou TM, Yang CH. Antimicrobial Amino-Functionalized Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Eliminating Multidrug-Resistant Species in Dual-Modality Photodynamic Therapy and Bioimaging under Two-Photon Excitation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14438-14446. [PMID: 29620851 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Developing a nanomaterial, for use in highly efficient dual-modality two-photon photodynamic therapy (PDT) involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and for use as a two-photon imaging contrast probe, is currently desirable. Here, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) doped with nitrogen and functionalized with an amino group (amino-N-GQDs) serving as a photosensitizer in PDT had the superior ability to generate ROS as compared to unmodified GQDs. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) species were completely eliminated at an ultralow energy (239.36 nJ pixel-1) through only 12 s two-photon excitation (TPE) in the near-infrared region (800 nm). Furthermore, the amino-N-GQDs had an absorption wavelength of approximately 800 nm, quantum yield of 0.33, strong luminescence, an absolute cross section of approximately 54 356 Göeppert-Mayer units, a lifetime of 1.09 ns, a ratio of the radiative to nonradiative decay rates of approximately 0.49, and high two-photon stability under TPE. These favorable properties enabled the amino-N-GQDs to act as a two-photon contrast probe for tracking and localizing analytes through in-depth two-photon imaging in a three-dimensional biological environment and concurrently easily eliminating MDR species through PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shuo Kuo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044 Jiangsu , China
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering , Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yu-Ting Shao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701 , Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Keng-Shiang Huang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate , I-Shou University , Kaohsiung 824 , Taiwan (R.O.C)
| | - Ting-Mao Chou
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery , E-Da Hospital , Kaohsiung 824 , Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chih-Hui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology , I-Shou University , Kaohsiung 824 , Taiwan (R.O.C)
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