1
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Dey J, Kaltenberger S, van Gemmeren M. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Nondirected Late-Stage C(sp 2)-H Deuteration of Heteroarenes Enabled Through a Multi-Substrate Screening Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404421. [PMID: 38512005 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The importance of deuterium labelling in a variety of applications, ranging from mechanistic studies to drug-discovery, has spurred immense interest in the development of new methods for its efficient incorporation in organic, and especially in bioactive molecules. The five-membered heteroarenes at the center of this work are ubiquitous motifs in bioactive molecules and efficient methods for the deuterium labelling of these compounds are therefore highly desirable. However, the profound differences in chemical properties encountered between different heteroarenes hamper the development of a single set of broadly applicable reaction conditions, often necessitating a separate optimization campaign for a given type of heteroarene. In this study we describe the use of a multi-substrate screening approach to identify optimal reaction conditions for different classes of heteroarenes from a minimal number of screening reactions. Using this approach, four sets of complementary reaction conditions derived from our dual ligand-based palladium catalysts for nondirected C(sp2)-H activation were identified, that together enable the deuteration of structurally diverse heteroarenes, including bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmoy Dey
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Kaltenberger
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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2
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Pou S, Winter RW, Liebman KM, Dodean RA, Nilsen A, DeBarber A, Doggett JS, Riscoe MK. Synthesis of Deuterated Endochin-Like Quinolones. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024; 67:186-196. [PMID: 38661253 PMCID: PMC11081819 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Malaria continues to be a serious and debilitating disease. The emergence and spread of high-level resistance to multiple antimalarial drugs by Plasmodium falciparum has brought about an urgent need for new treatments that will be active against multidrug resistant malaria infections. One such treatment, ELQ-331 (MMV-167), an alkoxy carbonate prodrug of 4(1H)-quinolone ELQ-300, is currently in preclinical development with the Medicines for Malaria Venture. Clinical development of ELQ-331 or similar compounds will require the availability of isotopically labeled analogs. Unfortunately, a suitable method for the deuteration of these important compounds was not found in the literature. Here, we describe a facile and scalable method for the deuteration of 4(1H)-quinolone ELQ-300, its alkoxycarbonate prodrug ELQ-331, and their respective N-oxides using deuterated acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovitj Pou
- Medical Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rolf W Winter
- Medical Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Rosie A Dodean
- Medical Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- Medical Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrea DeBarber
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - J Stone Doggett
- Medical Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael K Riscoe
- Medical Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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3
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Okamoto K, Higuma R, Muta K, Fukumoto K, Tsuchihashi Y, Ashikari Y, Nagaki A. External Flash Generation of Carbenoids Enables Monodeuteration of Dihalomethanes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301738. [PMID: 37300319 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, incorporation of one deuterium atom was achieved by H-D exchange of one of the two identical methylene protons in various dihalomethanes (halogen=Cl, Br, and I) through a rapid-mixing microflow reaction of lithium diisopropylamide as a strong base and deuterated methanol as a deuteration reagent. Generation of highly unstable carbenoid intermediate and suppression of its decomposition were successfully controlled under high flow-rate conditions. Monofunctionalization of diiodomethane afforded various building blocks composed of boryl, stannyl, and silyl groups. The monodeuterated diiodomethane, which served as a deuterated C1 source, was subsequently subjected to diverted functionalization methods to afford various products including biologically important molecules bearing isotope labelling at specific positions and homologation products with monodeuteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Higuma
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kensuke Muta
- Fundamental Chemical Research Center, Central Glass Co., Ltd., 17-5, Nakadai 2-chome, Kawagoe City, Saitama, 350-1159, Japan
| | - Keita Fukumoto
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp., 10 Okubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 300-2611, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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4
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Liu X, Chu X. Metal-Free Synthesis of Functionalized Quinolines from 2-Styrylanilines and 2-Methylbenzothiazoles/2-Methylquinolines. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6940-6944. [PMID: 36844512 PMCID: PMC9948197 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A facile functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds and tandem cyclization strategy to synthesize quinoline derivatives from 2-methylbenzothiazoles or 2-methylquinolines and 2-styrylanilines has been developed. This work avoids the requirement for transition metals, offering a mild approach to activation of C(sp3)-H bonds and formation of new C-C and C-N bonds. This strategy features excellent functional group tolerance and scaled-up synthetic capability, thus providing an efficient and environmentally friendly access to medicinally valuable quinolines.
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5
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Du HZ, Fan JZ, Wang ZZ, Strotman NA, Yang H, Guan BT. Cesium Amide-Catalyzed Selective Deuteration of Benzylic C-H Bonds with D 2 and Application for Tritiation of Pharmaceuticals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214461. [PMID: 36289047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) represents one of the most attractive labeling methods to synthesize deuterium- and tritium-labeled compounds. Catalytic HIE methods that enable site-selective C-H bond activation and exchange labeling with gaseous isotopes D2 and T2 are of vital importance, in particular for high-specific-activity tritiation of pharmaceuticals. As part of our interest in exploring s-block metals for catalytic transformations, we found CsN(SiMe3 )2 to be an efficient catalyst for selective HIE of benzylic C-H bonds with D2 gas. The reaction proceeds through a kinetic deprotonative equilibrium that establishes an exchange pathway between C-H bonds and D2 gas. By virtue of multiple C-H bonds activation and high activity (isotope enrichment up to 99 %), the simple cesium amide catalyst provided a very powerful and practically convenient labeling protocol for synthesis of highly deuterated compounds and high-specific-activity tritiation of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jun-Zhen Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Neil A Strotman
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
| | - Bing-Tao Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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6
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Shahkhatuni AA, Shahkhatuni AG, Ananikov VP, Harutyunyan AS. NMR-monitoring of H/D exchange reaction of ketones in solutions of imidazolium ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Liu B, Wang G, Xu Z, Wang M, Nie Y, Luo Z. Ionic liquid/boronic acid system enabled deuteration with D2O. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Levernier E, Tatoueix K, Garcia-Argote S, Pfeifer V, Kiesling R, Gravel E, Feuillastre S, Pieters G. Easy-to-Implement Hydrogen Isotope Exchange for the Labeling of N-Heterocycles, Alkylkamines, Benzylic Scaffolds, and Pharmaceuticals. JACS AU 2022; 2:801-808. [PMID: 35557763 PMCID: PMC9088292 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Facilitating access to deuterated and tritiated complex molecules is of paramount importance due to the fundamental role of isotopically labeled compounds in drug discovery and development. Deuterated analogues of drugs are extensively used as internal standards for quantification purposes or as active pharmaceutical ingredients, whereas tritiated drugs are essential for preclinical ADME studies. In this report, we describe the labeling of prevalent substructures in FDA-approved drugs such as azines, indoles, alkylamine moieties, or benzylic carbons by the in situ generation of Rh nanoparticles able to catalyze both C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H activation processes. In this easy-to-implement labeling process, Rh nanocatalysts are formed by decomposition of a commercially available rhodium dimer under a deuterium or tritium gas atmosphere (1 bar or less), using the substrate itself as a surface ligand to control the aggregation state of the resulting metallic clusters. It is noteworthy that the size of the nanoparticles observed is surprisingly independent of the substrate used and is homogeneous, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy experiments. This method has been successfully applied to the one-step synthesis of (1) deuterated pharmaceuticals usable as internal standards for MS quantification and (2) tritiated drug analogues with very high molar activities (up to 113 Ci/mmol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Levernier
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kevin Tatoueix
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sébastien Garcia-Argote
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Viktor Pfeifer
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Ralf Kiesling
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Edmond Gravel
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sophie Feuillastre
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Grégory Pieters
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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9
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Prakash G, Paul N, Oliver GA, Werz DB, Maiti D. C-H deuteration of organic compounds and potential drug candidates. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3123-3163. [PMID: 35320331 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01496f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
C-H deuteration has been intricately developed to satisfy the urgent need for site-selectively deuterated organic frameworks. Deuteration has been primarily used to study kinetic isotope effects of reactions but recently its significance in pharmaceutical chemistry has been discovered. Deuterium labelled compounds have stolen the limelight since the inception of the first FDA-approved deuterated drug, for the treatment of chorea-associated Huntington's disease, and their pharmacological importance was realised by chemists, although surprisingly very late. Various approaches were developed to carry out site-selective deuteration. However, the most common and efficient method is hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE). This review summarises deuteration methods of various organic motifs containing C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds utilizing C-H bond functionalisation as a key step along with a variety of catalysts, and exemplifies their biological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Nilanjan Paul
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Gwyndaf A Oliver
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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10
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11
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Kang QK, Li Y, Chen K, Zhu H, Wu WQ, Lin Y, Shi H. Rhodium-Catalyzed Stereoselective Deuteration of Benzylic C-H Bonds via Reversible η 6 -Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117381. [PMID: 35006640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a convenient method for benzylic H/D exchange of a wide variety of substrates bearing primary, secondary, or tertiary C-H bonds via a reversible η6 -coordination strategy. A doubly cationic [CpCF3 RhIII ]2+ catalyst that serves as an arenophile facilitates deprotonation of inert benzylic hydrogen atoms (pKa >40 in DMSO) without affecting other hydrogen atoms, such as those on aromatic rings or in α-positions of carboxylate groups. Notably, the H/D exchange reactions feature high stereoretention. We demonstrated the potential utility of this method by using it for deuterium labeling of ten pharmaceuticals and their analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Kai Kang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuntong Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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12
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Kopf S, Bourriquen F, Li W, Neumann H, Junge K, Beller M. Recent Developments for the Deuterium and Tritium Labeling of Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6634-6718. [PMID: 35179363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds labeled with hydrogen isotopes play a crucial role in numerous areas, from materials science to medicinal chemistry. Indeed, while the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium gives rise to improved absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties in drugs and enables the preparation of internal standards for analytical mass spectrometry, the use of tritium-labeled compounds is a key technique all along drug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry. For these reasons, the interest in new methodologies for the isotopic enrichment of organic molecules and the extent of their applications are equally rising. In this regard, this Review intends to comprehensively discuss the new developments in this area over the last years (2017-2021). Notably, besides the fundamental hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) reactions and the use of isotopically labeled analogues of common organic reagents, a plethora of reductive and dehalogenative deuteration techniques and other transformations with isotope incorporation are emerging and are now part of the labeling toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kopf
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Wu Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
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13
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Ma B, Sun R, Yang J. Cobalt-catalyzed direct α-hydroxymethylation of amides with methanol as a C1 source. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1382-1385. [PMID: 34989725 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06501g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a cobalt-catalyzed α-hydroxymethylation of amides with methanol under mild conditions. Using CoCl2·6H2O as an inexpensive and efficient catalyst, some important bioactive β-hydroxyamides were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. The developed method features a wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. In addition, anticholinergic tropicamide was easily synthesized in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongxia Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingya Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Kokel A, Kadish D, Török B. Preparation of Deuterium Labeled Compounds by Pd/C-Al-D 2O Facilitated Selective H-D Exchange Reactions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030614. [PMID: 35163883 PMCID: PMC8840159 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemo/regioselective H-D exchange of amino acids and synthetic building blocks by an environmentally benign Pd/C-Al-D2O catalytic system is described. Due to the importance of isotope labeled compounds in medicinal chemistry and structural biology, notably their use as improved drug candidates and biological probes, the efficient and selective deuteration methods are of great interest. The approach is based on selective H-D exchange reactions where the deuterium source is simple D2O. D2 gas is generated in situ from the reaction of aluminum and D2O, while the commercially available palladium catalyst assists the H-D exchange reaction. The high selectivity and efficiency, as well as the simplicity and safe nature of the procedure make this method an environmentally benign alternative to current alternatives.
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15
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Kang QK, Li Y, Chen K, Zhu H, Wu WQ, Lin Y, Shi H. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Deuteration of Benzylic C–H Bonds via Reversible η6‐Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Kai Kang
- Westlake University School of Science 18,Shilongshan RoadCloud Town, Xihu District 310024 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Yuntong Li
- Westlake University School of Science 18,Shilongshan RoadCloud Town, Xihu District 310024 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Kai Chen
- Westlake University School of Science 18,Shilongshan RoadCloud Town, Xihu District 310024 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Westlake University School of Science 18,Shilongshan RoadCloud Town, Xihu District 310024 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Wen-Qiang Wu
- Westlake University School of Science 18,Shilongshan RoadCloud Town, Xihu District 310024 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Westlake University School of Science 18,Shilongshan RoadCloud Town, Xihu District 310024 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Hang Shi
- Westlake University School of Science 18 Shilongshan Road 310024 Hangzhou CHINA
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16
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Voronin VV, Ledovskaya MS, Rodygin KS, Ananikov VP. Cycloaddition Reactions of
in situ
Generated C
2
D
2
in Dioxane: Efficient Synthetic Approach to D
2
‐Labeled Nitrogen Heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Voronin
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetsky prospect 26 Peterhof 198504 Russia
| | - Maria S. Ledovskaya
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetsky prospect 26 Peterhof 198504 Russia
| | - Konstantin S. Rodygin
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetsky prospect 26 Peterhof 198504 Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetsky prospect 26 Peterhof 198504 Russia
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
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17
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Sun Q, Soulé JF. Broadening of horizons in the synthesis of CD 3-labeled molecules. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10806-10835. [PMID: 34605827 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00544h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the light of the recent potentials of deuterated molecules as pharmaceuticals or even in mechanistic understanding, efficient methods for their synthesis are continually desired. CD3-containing molecules are prominent amongst these motifs due to the parallel of the "magic methyl effect": introducing a methyl group into pharmaceuticals could positively affect biological activities. The trideuteromethyl group is bound to molecules either by C, N, O, or S atom. For a long time, the preparation methods of such labeled compounds were underestimated and involved multi-step syntheses. More recently, specific approaches dealing with the direct incorporation of the CD3 group have been developed. This Review gives an overview of the methods for the preparation of CD3-labeled molecules from conventional functional group interconversion techniques to catalytic approaches and include radical strategy. Detailed reaction mechanisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Sun
- Process Chemistry Enabling Technology Platform, STA Pharmaceutical, a WuxiAppTech Company (Wuxi STA), Shanghai 201507, P. R. China
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18
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Yang X, Ben H, Ragauskas AJ. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Deuterium‐Labeled Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of BioFibers and Eco-textiles Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Haoxi Ben
- State Key Laboratory of BioFibers and Eco-textiles Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- Center for Renewable Carbon Department of Forestry Wildlife and Fisheries University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture Knoxville TN 37996 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Science Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI) Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
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19
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Yamada T, Arai K, Kikuchi R, Okamoto S. Deuteration of Indole Compounds: Synthesis of Deuterated Auxins, Indole-3-acetic Acid-d5 and Indole-3-butyric Acid-d5. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19956-19963. [PMID: 34368582 PMCID: PMC8340417 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a practical and facile synthesis of deuterium-labeled indoles via acid-catalyzed hydrogen-deuterium exchange. 3-Substituted indoles were efficiently deuterated through treatment with 20 wt % D2SO4 in CD3OD at 60-90 °C. A deuterium incorporation reaction of 3-unsubstituted indoles was accomplished through treatment with CD3CO2D at 150 °C. The in situ preparation of a 20 wt % D2SO4/CH3OD/D2O solution enabled a large-scale and low-cost synthesis of auxins, indole-3-acetic acid-d5 and indole-3-butyric acid-d5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Department
of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa
University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuki Arai
- Department
of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa
University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Rie Kikuchi
- Faculty
of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Sentaro Okamoto
- Department
of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa
University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
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20
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Zhang R, Wang J, Jin W, Zhang Y, Wang B, Xia Y, Liu C. Iodine‐Catalyzed Construction of Dihydrooxepines via 3‐Methyl‐5‐Pyrazolones C−H Oxidation/Functionalization of Quinolines Cascade. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region School of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region School of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region School of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region School of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region School of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region School of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Chenjiang Liu
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region School of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
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21
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A practical and efficient method for late-stage deuteration of terminal alkynes with silver salt as catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Abstract
AbstractThe introduction of deuterium and tritium into molecules is of great importance in drug discovery. Many attempts have been made to develop late-stage hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) reactions to avoid multistep syntheses using commercially available labeled precursors. In this review, we summarize recent progress in catalytic HIE reactions, with our main focus on their applications in the late-stage labeling of bioactive complex molecules and pharmaceuticals1 Introduction2 Non-Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange2.1 Organocatalysis2.2 Photoredox Catalysis3 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogen Isotope Exchang3.1 Palladium3.2 Ruthenium3.3 Iridium3.4 Other Metals4 Summary
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study
| | - Qi-Kai Kang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study
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23
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Abstract
An efficient and practical transition metal free α-trideuteration of methylarenes was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tie
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xiang-Huan Shan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Jian-Ping Qu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yan-Biao Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
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24
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Dantas JA, Echemendía R, Santos MS, Paixão MW, Ferreira MAB, Corrêa AG. Green Approach for Visible-Light-Induced Direct Functionalization of 2-Methylquinolines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11663-11678. [PMID: 32852210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A transition metal- and oxidant-free visible light-photoinduced protocol for direct functionalization of 2-methylquinolines has been developed. This protocol enabled the C-H functionalization of substituted 2-methylquinolines with diacetyl or ethyl pyruvate, under environmentally friendly conditions. A mechanistic investigation based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided details about the origins of reactivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A Dantas
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Radell Echemendía
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia S Santos
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio W Paixão
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio B Ferreira
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Arlene G Corrêa
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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25
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Rao YS, Latha DS, Devunuri N, Almansour AI, Arumugam N, Yaragorla S. Alkylation of α‐Oxo‐Compounds through C(sp
3
)‐H Functionalization of 2‐Methyl Quinolines Under Catalyst‐ and Solvent‐Free Conditions. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadavalli Subba Rao
- School of Chemistry University of Hyderabad Telangana State 5000046 Hyderabad India
- Division of Chemistry Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research (VFSTR) 522 213 Guntur India
| | | | - Nagaraju Devunuri
- Division of Chemistry Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research (VFSTR) 522 213 Guntur India
| | - Abdulrahman I. Almansour
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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26
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Latha DS, Yaragorla S. C(sp3
)-H Functionalization of 2-Methyl Azaarenes: Highly Facile Approach to Aza-Heterocyclic Compounds. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandugula Sneha Latha
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; P.O. Central University, Gachibowli; 500046 Hyderabad India
| | - Srinivasarao Yaragorla
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; P.O. Central University, Gachibowli; 500046 Hyderabad India
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27
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Hu GQ, Li EC, Zhang HH, Huang W. Ag(i)-Mediated hydrogen isotope exchange of mono-fluorinated (hetero)arenes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6627-6633. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach to install deuterium into mono-fluorinated (hetero)arenes by a Ag2CO3/Sphos-mediated HIE protocol with D2O as the deuterium source has been disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - En-Ci Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
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28
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Ye R, Cao Y, Xi X, Liu L, Chen T. Metal- and radical-free aerobic oxidation of heteroaromatic methanes: an efficient synthesis of heteroaromatic aldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4220-4224. [PMID: 30946414 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00490d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free and radical-free synthesis of heteroaromatic aldehydes was developed through aerobic oxidation of methyl groups in an I2/DMSO/O2 catalytic system. Under the reaction conditions, various functional groups such as methoxy, aldehyde, ester, nitro, amide, and halo (F, Cl, Br) groups were well tolerated. The bioactive compounds like chlorchinaldin derivative and papaverine were also oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones. This reaction provided an efficient method for preparing the valuable heteroaromatic aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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29
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Valero M, Derdau V. Highlights of aliphatic C(sp 3 )-H hydrogen isotope exchange reactions. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 63:266-280. [PMID: 31278771 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the highlights of aliphatic C (sp3 )-H carbon hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) methods developed in the last 10 years. In particular, new highly selective and reactive protocols in the areas of nanoparticle and metal-catalyzed homogeneous catalysis are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Valero
- R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Sanofi Germany, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Derdau
- R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Sanofi Germany, Frankfurt, Germany
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30
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Li EC, Hu GQ, Zhu YX, Zhang HH, Shen K, Hang XC, Zhang C, Huang W. Ag2CO3-Catalyzed H/D Exchange of Five-Membered Heteroarenes at Ambient Temperature. Org Lett 2019; 21:6745-6749. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- En-Ci Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Kang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Chun Hang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
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31
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Guo L, Xu C, Wu DC, Hu GQ, Zhang HH, Hong K, Chen S, Liu X. Cascade alkylation and deuteration with aryl iodides via Pd/norbornene catalysis: an efficient method for the synthesis of congested deuterium-labeled arenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8567-8570. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03988k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An efficient approach for synthesizing congested deuterium-labeled arenes via cascade alkylation and deuteration with aryl iodides has been disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Ding-Chuan Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Guang-Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Su Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
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32
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Chen X, Liu M, Liu Y, Chen Y, Au CT, Yin SF. Copper-Catalyzed Esterification of N
-Heteroaryl Methanes by Oxidative Dehydrogenation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
| | - Yongping Liu
- School of Basic Medicine; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha 410208 PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Basic Medicine; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha 410208 PR China
| | - Chak-Tong Au
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Institute of Engineering; Xiangtan 411104 Hunan China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
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33
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Komeyama K, Yamahata Y, Osaka I. Nickel and Nucleophilic Cobalt-Catalyzed Trideuteriomethylation of Aryl Halides Using Trideuteriomethyl p-Toluenesulfonate. Org Lett 2018; 20:4375-4378. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiro Komeyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamahata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City 739-8527, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City 739-8527, Japan
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34
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Liu M, Chen X, Chen T, Xu Q, Yin SF. Metal-free oxidative para-acylation of unprotected anilines with N-heteroarylmethanes. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:9845-9854. [PMID: 29135010 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02490h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A selective oxidative para-acylation of unprotected anilines with methyl groups in N-heteroarylmethanes was achieved. This transformation proceeds under mild metal-free reaction conditions to produce the corresponding valuable diarylmethanones in good to high yields, featuring high site-selectivity, high functional-group-tolerance, gram-scale synthesis and easy product-derivation. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the present oxidative para-acylation would take place via a Friedel-Crafts-type process of in situ imines and the steric hindrance might be the key issue for the high regio-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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35
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McCallum T, Pitre SP, Morin M, Scaiano JC, Barriault L. The photochemical alkylation and reduction of heteroarenes. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7412-7418. [PMID: 29163892 PMCID: PMC5674141 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03768f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionalization of heteroarenes has been integral to the structural diversification of medicinally active molecules such as quinolines, pyridines, and phenanthridines. Electron-deficient heteroarenes are electronically compatible to react with relatively nucleophilic free radicals such as hydroxyalkyl. However, the radical functionalization of such heteroarenes has been marked by the use of transition-metal catalyzed processes that require initiators and stoichiometric oxidants. Herein, we describe the photochemical alkylation of quinolines, pyridines and phenanthridines, where through direct excitation of the protonated heterocycle, alcohols and ethers, such as methanol and THF, can serve as alkylating agents. We also report the discovery of a photochemical reduction of these heteroarenes using only iPrOH and HCl. Mechanistic studies to elucidate the underlying mechanism of these transformations, and preliminary results on catalytic methylations are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- T McCallum
- Centre for Catalysis , Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada . ;
| | - S P Pitre
- Centre for Catalysis , Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada . ;
| | - M Morin
- Centre for Catalysis , Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada . ;
| | - J C Scaiano
- Centre for Catalysis , Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada . ;
| | - L Barriault
- Centre for Catalysis , Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada . ;
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36
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Abstract
Rh-hydride catalysis solves a synthetic challenge by affording the enantioselective reduction of allenes, thereby yielding access to motifs commonly used in medicinal chemistry. A designer Josiphos ligand promotes the generation of chiral benzylic isomers, when combined with a Hantzsch ester as the reductant. This semireduction proceeds chemoselectively in the presence of other functional groups, which are typically reduced using conventional hydrogenations. Isotopic labelling studies support a mechanism where the hydride is delivered to the branched position of a Rh-allyl intermediate.Reduction of allenes poses several challenges in terms of chemo-, regio- and enantio-selectivity. Here, the authors report a rhodium-Josiphos catalytic system that reduces a variety of aryl allenes to chiral benzylic compounds with excellent selectivity and functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 4403 Natural Sciences 1, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Vy M Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 4403 Natural Sciences 1, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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