1
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Tang E, Zhou QQ, Wan JP. Visible-light-induced Ritter-type amidation of α-hydroxy ketones in the selective synthesis of α,α-diamido and monoamido ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7471-7474. [PMID: 38938073 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Visible light-induced, transition metal-free oxidative dehydroxylation and C-H amidation of α-hydroxy ketones involving Ritter-type amidation has been developed, leading to the selective synthesis of α,α-diamido- and α-monoamido ketones with tunable selectivity as well as broad substrate tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrong Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Quan-Quan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
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2
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Ruos ME, Kinney RG, Ring OT, Doyle AG. A General Photocatalytic Strategy for Nucleophilic Amination of Primary and Secondary Benzylic C-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18487-18496. [PMID: 37565772 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a visible-light photoredox-catalyzed method that enables nucleophilic amination of primary and secondary benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds. A novel amidyl radical precursor and organic photocatalyst operate in tandem to transform primary and secondary benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds into carbocations via sequential hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and oxidative radical-polar crossover. The resulting carbocation can be intercepted by a variety of N-centered nucleophiles, including nitriles (Ritter reaction), amides, carbamates, sulfonamides, and azoles, for the construction of pharmaceutically relevant C(sp3)-N bonds under unified reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies indicate that HAT is amidyl radical-mediated and that the photocatalyst operates via a reductive quenching pathway. These findings establish a mild, metal-free, and modular protocol for the rapid diversification of C(sp3)-H bonds to a library of aminated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline E Ruos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - R Garrison Kinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Oliver T Ring
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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3
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Samanta A, Pramanik S, Mondal S, Maity S. Zinc acetate-promoted blocking of the ATRA process with alkyl halides enabling photochemical alkylamination of olefins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8400-8403. [PMID: 35796040 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02574d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic photoredox-catalyzed alkylamination of olefins is performed with alkyl halides and nitrile solvent by blocking the traditional photoredox-ATRA process with Zn(OAc)2. A range of carbon-centered radicals (α-alkylcarbonyl, benzyl, cyanomethyl) are effectively participating in this strategy giving rise to versatile carboamination products with high synthetic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba Samanta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
| | - Shyamal Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
| | - Subhashis Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
| | - Soumitra Maity
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
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4
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Li T, Yang J, Yin X, Shi J, Cao Q, Hu M, Xu X, Li M, Shen Z. Visible-light-mediated aerobic Ritter-type C–H amination of diarylmethanes using DDQ/ tert-butyl nitrite. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8756-8760. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01713j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free photocatalytic Ritter-type C–H amination of diarylmethanes using O2 as an oxidant has been developed using a co-catalytic system of DDQ and TBN and offers a low cost, sustainable way to synthesise secondary amides under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiangyu Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Zhejiang Jitai New Materials Co., Ltd, Shaoxing 312369, China
| | - Xin Yin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Zhejiang Jitai New Materials Co., Ltd, Shaoxing 312369, China
| | - Jinhua Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qun Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Meichao Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhenlu Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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5
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Farzana R, Radhika S, Saranya S, Anilkumar G. Manganese‐catalyzed amination reactions: An overview. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Farzana
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
| | - Sankaran Radhika
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
| | - Salim Saranya
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC) Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS) Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
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6
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Li Z, Liu C, Geng W, Dong J, Chi Y, Hu C. Electrocatalytic ethylbenzene valorization using a polyoxometalate@covalent triazine framework with water as the oxygen source. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7430-7433. [PMID: 34231578 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03186d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ethylbenzene (EB) oxidation is an important transformation in the chemical industry. Herein, PMo10V2@CTF, a noble metal free electrocatalyst, was used to promote the oxidative upgrading of EB. Under ambient conditions, 65% of EB was converted to three value-added products using water as the oxygen source yielding a total Faraday efficiency of 90.4%. This excellent performance is ascribed to the homogeneous dispersion of PMo10V2 and its dual role in the electrocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectroic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectroic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weijie Geng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectroic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Dong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yingnan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectroic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectroic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Dong J, Chen X, Ji F, Liu L, Su L, Mo M, Tang J, Zhou Y. Copper‐mediated simple and direct aerobic oxidative esterification of arylacetonitriles with alcohols/phenols. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Dong
- Department of Educational Science Hunan First Normal University Changsha China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
| | - Xiuling Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
- Non‐power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning China
| | - Fangyan Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
| | - Lixin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
| | - Lebin Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
| | - Min Mo
- Department of Educational Science Hunan First Normal University Changsha China
| | - Jian‐Sheng Tang
- Department of Educational Science Hunan First Normal University Changsha China
| | - Yongbo Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
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8
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Chen ME, Chen XW, Hu YH, Ye R, Lv JW, Li B, Zhang FM. Recent advances of Ritter reaction and its synthetic applications. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00496d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive survey of Ritter reactions from 2014 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-En Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Yue-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Rui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Baosheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
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9
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Gulati U, Gandhi R, Laha JK. Benzylic Methylene Functionalizations of Diarylmethanes. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3135-3161. [PMID: 32794651 PMCID: PMC7436909 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diarylmethanes are cardinal scaffolds by virtue of their unique structural feature including the presence of a benzylic CH2 group that can be easily functionalized to generate a variety of fascinating molecules holding immense importance in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material sciences. While the originally developed protocols for benzylic C-H functionalization in diarylmethanes employing base-mediated and metal-catalyzed strategies are still actively used, they are joined by a new array of metal-free conditions, offering milder and benign conditions. With the recent surge of interest towards the synthesis of functionalized diarylmethanes, numerous choices are now available for a synthetic organic chemist to transform the benzylic C-H bond to C-C or C-X bond offering the synthesis of any molecule of choice. This review highlights benzylic methylene (CH2 ) functionalizations of diaryl/heteroarylmethanes utilizing various base-mediated, transition-metal-catalyzed, and transition-metal free approaches for the synthesis of structurally diverse important organic molecules, often with a high chemo-, regio- and enantio-selectivity. This review also attempts to provide analysis of the scope and limitations, mechanistic understanding, and sustainability of the transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upma Gulati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S., Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Radhika Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S., Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S., Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
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10
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Vasilopoulos A, Golden DL, Buss JA, Stahl SS. Copper-Catalyzed C-H Fluorination/Functionalization Sequence Enabling Benzylic C-H Cross Coupling with Diverse Nucleophiles. Org Lett 2020; 22:5753-5757. [PMID: 32790420 PMCID: PMC7446105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective transformation of benzylic C-H bonds into diverse functional groups is achieved via Cu-catalyzed C-H fluorination with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI), followed by substitution of the resulting fluoride with various nucleophiles. The benzyl fluorides generated in these reactions are reactive electrophiles in the presence of hydrogen-bond donors or Lewis acids, allowing them to be used without isolation in C-O, C-N, and C-C coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Vasilopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Dung L. Golden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Joshua A. Buss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
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11
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Yurino T, Hachiya A, Suzuki K, Ohkuma T. Selective Conversion of Benzylic Phosphates into Diarylmethanes Through Al(OTf) 3
-Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts-Type Benzylation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Yurino
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center; Faculty of Engineering; Hokkaido University; 060-8628 Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Asuka Hachiya
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Hokkaido University; 060-8628 Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Hokkaido University; 060-8628 Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohkuma
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center; Faculty of Engineering; Hokkaido University; 060-8628 Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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12
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Yu Y, Luo G, Yang J, Luo Y. Theoretical studies on the N–X (X = Cl, O) bond activation mechanism in catalytic C–H amination. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02555c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A favorable SN2-type N–Cl bond cleavage mechanism are proposed for Rh-catalysed C–H amination, which also works for N–O bond cleavage in Rh, Ru, and Pd analogous systems. These results could provide new understanding of C–H amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Jimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Sun Z, Yuan Y, Jia X. Synthesis of Nitrated
N
‐Alkyl Anilines Using
N
‐Nitroso Anilines as a Self‐Providing Nitro Group Source. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002 China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002 China
| | - Zheng Sun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002 China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002 China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002 China
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14
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Zhao Z, Liu X, Hou A, Lian Y. Copper-Catalyzed (Di)Arylmethylation of Phosphorylamides Under Oxidative Conditions. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Huaihua University; Huaidong Rd. 180 418000 Huaihua Hunan P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Huaihua University; Huaidong Rd. 180 418000 Huaihua Hunan P. R. China
| | - Anguo Hou
- School of Chinese Traditional Medicine; Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Yuhua Rd. 1076 650500 Kunming Yunnan P. R. China
| | - Yan Lian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Huaihua University; Huaidong Rd. 180 418000 Huaihua Hunan P. R. China
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15
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Pérez-Venegas M, Juaristi E. Mechanoenzymatic resolution of racemic chiral amines, a green technique for the synthesis of pharmaceutical building blocks. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Xiao J, Li P, Zhang Y, Xie D, Peng Z, An D, Dong W. Cobalt-catalyzed oxidative arylmethylation of phosphorylamides. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Lin B, Shi S, Cui Y, Liu Y, Tang G, Zhao Y. Oxidative C(sp3)–H amidation of tertiary arylamines with nitriles. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00794b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The first amidation of tertiary arylamines with nitriles via a cascade dehydrogenation/heterocoupling/addition reaction has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binzhou Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Yiqun Cui
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Yupei Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Guo Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
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