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Zakirova L, Baikova I, Lobov A, Kukovinets O, Кazakova O. An unexpected conversion of 2E-furfurylidene-3-oxo-24-nor-allobetulin to 23-nor-allobetulins. Steroids 2024; 203:109379. [PMID: 38286318 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
A series of 2E-furfurylidene-23-nor- and 24-nor-allobetulins has been synthesized by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation and conditions of their formation were studied in detail. It was found that among an expected 2E-furfurylidene-3-oxo-24-nor-allobetulin 4 two byproducts holding 3-oxo-4α-hydroxy- 5 and 3β,4α-dihydroxy- 6 substituents were formed, which could become the main products under the change of reaction time and amount of the base solution. Moreover, a conversion of individual 2E-furfurylidene-23-nor-3-oxo-4α-hydroxy- 5 into 2E-furfurylidene-23-nor-3β,4α-dihydroxy-derivative 6 under the treatment with the base solution was observed. An inversion of the configuration at C4 from 24-nor- to 23-nor-allobetulins for compounds 5 - 7 was proved by the NMR spectra. The probable explanation of compound 5 formation includes oxidation by atmospheric oxygen to 4-hydroperoxide, which was further transformed into 4-hydroxy-group. In the presence of the base the reduction C3(=O)-function of compound 5 occurs like Meerwein- Ponndorf-Verley reaction to give compound 6. As a result, a difference in the reactivity of native allobetulin scaffold and 24-nor-allobetulin in the Claisen-Schmidt condensation was observed and a first case of conversion 24-nor- to 23-nor-allobetulin derivatives was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Zakirova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, prospect Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Baikova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, prospect Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Lobov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, prospect Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Kukovinets
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, prospect Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Oxana Кazakova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, prospect Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation.
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Luo G, Aldridge K, Chen T, Aslot V, Kim BG, Han EH, Singh N, Li S, Xiao TS, Sporn MB, Letterio JJ. The synthetic oleanane triterpenoid CDDO-2P-Im binds GRP78/BiP to induce unfolded protein response-mediated apoptosis in myeloma. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2526-2545. [PMID: 37149844 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic oleanane triterpenoids (SOTs) are small molecules with broad anticancer properties. A recently developed SOT, 1-[2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]-4(-pyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazole (CDDO-2P-Im or '2P-Im'), exhibits enhanced activity and improved pharmacokinetics over CDDO-Im, a previous generation SOT. However, the mechanisms leading to these properties are not defined. Here, we show the synergy of 2P-Im and the proteasome inhibitor ixazomib in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells and 2P-Im activity in a murine model of plasmacytoma. RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR revealed the upregulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in MM cells upon 2P-lm treatment, implicating the activation of the UPR as a key step in 2P-Im-induced apoptosis. Supporting this hypothesis, the deletion of genes encoding either protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) or DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (DDIT3; also known as CHOP) impaired the MM response to 2P-Im, as did treatment with ISRIB, integrated stress response inhibitor, which inhibits UPR signaling downstream of PERK. Finally, both drug affinity responsive target stability and thermal shift assays demonstrated direct binding of 2P-Im to endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (GRP78/BiP), a stress-inducible key signaling molecule of the UPR. These data reveal GRP78/BiP as a novel target of SOTs, and specifically of 2P-Im, and suggest the potential broader utility of this class of small molecules as modulators of the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Luo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Toby Chen
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vivek Aslot
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- The Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eun Hyang Han
- The Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Neelima Singh
- The Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sai Li
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tsan Sam Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - John J Letterio
- The Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Zakirova L, Baikova I, Smirnova I, Тretyakova E, Lobov A, Nguyen HTT, Каzakova O. 24-Nor-allobetulins possess strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3806-3814. [PMID: 36517995 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2154347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of 24-nor-allobetulin derivatives holding 3β-hydroxy-, oxime, methoxyoxime, lactame and 4-bromobenzylidene substituents have been synthesized and their differences in the NMR spectra were studied in detail. It was revealed that 3-oxo-24-nor-allobetulin loses selectivity in the reaction of oximation and forms a mixture of Z/E oximes (and methoxyoximes) in contract to the related derivatives of native scaffold (that forms only E-isomers). The screening of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity revealed that 24-nor-allobetulins are more active than allobetulins. The lead 3-oxo-24-nor-allobetulin with IC50 0.49 µM was more than 60-fold and 500-fold active than acarbose and 3-oxo-allobetulin, respectively. We can conclude that the removal of the C-24 methyl group significantly increased the antidiabetic effect and 24-nor-allobetulins should be identified as the new and promising scaffolds as α-glucosidase inhibitors on the basis of triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Zakirova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Baikova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Тretyakova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Lobov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Ha Thi Thu Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Oxana Каzakova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
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Activation of Nrf2 to Optimise Immune Responses to Intracerebral Haemorrhage. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101438. [PMID: 36291647 PMCID: PMC9599325 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemorrhage into the brain parenchyma can be devastating. This manifests as spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) after head trauma, and in the context of vascular dementia. Randomised controlled trials have not reliably shown that haemostatic treatments aimed at limiting ICH haematoma expansion and surgical approaches to reducing haematoma volume are effective. Consequently, treatments to modulate the pathophysiological responses to ICH, which may cause secondary brain injury, are appealing. Following ICH, microglia and monocyte derived cells are recruited to the peri-haematomal environment where they phagocytose haematoma breakdown products and secrete inflammatory cytokines, which may trigger both protective and harmful responses. The transcription factor Nrf2, is activated by oxidative stress, is highly expressed by central nervous system microglia and macroglia. When active, Nrf2 induces a transcriptional programme characterised by increased expression of antioxidant, haem and heavy metal detoxification and proteostasis genes, as well as suppression of proinflammatory factors. Therefore, Nrf2 activation may facilitate adaptive-protective immune cell responses to ICH by boosting resistance to oxidative stress and heavy metal toxicity, whilst limiting harmful inflammatory signalling, which can contribute to further blood brain barrier dysfunction and cerebral oedema. In this review, we consider the responses of immune cells to ICH and how these might be modulated by Nrf2 activation. Finally, we propose potential therapeutic strategies to harness Nrf2 to improve the outcomes of patients with ICH.
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Clinical Research Progress of Small Molecule Compounds Targeting Nrf2 for Treating Inflammation-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081564. [PMID: 36009283 PMCID: PMC9405369 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have found that inflammation is a symptom of various diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA); it is also the source of other diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), lupus erythematosus (LE), and liver damage. Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is an important multifunctional transcription factor in cells and plays a central regulatory role in cellular defense mechanisms. In recent years, several studies have found a strong association between the activation of Nrf2 and the fight against inflammation-related diseases. A number of small molecule compounds targeting Nrf2 have entered clinical research. This article reviews the research status of small molecule compounds that are in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, lupus erythematosus, and liver injury.
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Zakirova LM, Tretyakova EV, Baikova IP, Kazakova OB. Synthesis of 24-Noroleanolic Acid Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021090037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang SS, Zhang QL, Chu P, Kong LQ, Li GZ, Li YQ, Yang L, Zhao WJ, Guo XH, Tang ZY. Synthesis and antitumor activity of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety- containing oleanolic acid derivatives targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:104036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Dayalan Naidu S, Dinkova-Kostova AT. KEAP1, a cysteine-based sensor and a drug target for the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. Open Biol 2020; 10:200105. [PMID: 32574549 PMCID: PMC7333886 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox imbalance and persistent inflammation are the underlying causes of most chronic diseases. Mammalian cells have evolved elaborate mechanisms for restoring redox homeostasis and resolving acute inflammatory responses. One prominent mechanism is that of inducing the expression of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other cytoprotective proteins, while also suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, through the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2). At homeostatic conditions, NRF2 is a short-lived protein, which avidly binds to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). KEAP1 functions as (i) a substrate adaptor for a Cullin 3 (CUL3)-based E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets NRF2 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, and (ii) a cysteine-based sensor for a myriad of physiological and pharmacological NRF2 activators. Here, we review the intricate molecular mechanisms by which KEAP1 senses electrophiles and oxidants. Chemical modification of specific cysteine sensors of KEAP1 results in loss of NRF2-repressor function and alterations in the expression of NRF2-target genes that encode large networks of diverse proteins, which collectively restore redox balance and resolve inflammation, thus ensuring a comprehensive cytoprotection. We focus on the cyclic cyanoenones, the most potent NRF2 activators, some of which are currently in clinical trials for various pathologies characterized by redox imbalance and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Raghuvanshi DS, Verma N, Singh S, Luqman S, Chand Gupta A, Bawankule DU, Tandon S, Nagar A, Kumar Y, Khan F. Design and synthesis of novel oleanolic acid based chromenes as anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory agents. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03564d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach has been developed for the synthesis of oleanolic acid based anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory chromenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant Singh Raghuvanshi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow 226015
- India
| | - Narsingh Verma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow 226015
- India
| | - Shilpi Singh
- Molecular Bioprospection Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow 226015
- India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Molecular Bioprospection Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow 226015
- India
| | - Amit Chand Gupta
- Molecular Bioprospection Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow 226015
- India
| | - Dnyaneshwar U. Bawankule
- Molecular Bioprospection Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow 226015
- India
| | - Sudeep Tandon
- Chemical Technology and Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow 226015
- India
| | - Abhishek Nagar
- Chemical Technology and Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow 226015
- India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow 226015
- India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow 226015
- India
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