1
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Uredat S, Gujare A, Runge J, Truzzolillo D, Oberdisse J, Hellweg T. A review of stimuli-responsive polymer-based gating membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2732-2744. [PMID: 38193196 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The formation and properties of smart (stimuli-responsive) membranes are reviewed, with a special focus on temperature and pH triggering of gating to water, ions, polymers, nanoparticles, or other molecules of interest. The review is organized in two parts, starting with all-smart membranes based on intrinsically smart materials, in particular of the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) family and similar polymers. The key steps of membrane fabrication are discussed, namely the deposition into thin films, functionalization of pores, and the secondary crosslinking of pre-existing microgel particles into membranes. The latter may be free-standing and do not necessitate the presence of a porous support layer. The temperature-dependent swelling properties of polymers provide a means of controlling the size of pores, and thus size-sensitive gating. Throughout the review, we highlight "positive" (gates open) or "negative" (closed) gating effects with respect to increasing temperature. In the second part, the functionalization of porous organic or inorganic membranes of various origins by either microgel particles or linear polymer brushes is discussed. In this case, the key steps are the adsorption or grafting mechanisms. Finally, whenever provided by the authors, the suitability of smart gating membranes for specific applications is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Uredat
- Department of Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Aditi Gujare
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Jonas Runge
- Department of Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Domenico Truzzolillo
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Julian Oberdisse
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Department of Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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2
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Utievskyi Y, Neumann C, Sindlinger J, Schutjajew K, Oschatz M, Turchanin A, Ueberschaar N, Schacher FH. Polyoxometalate-Modified Amphiphilic Polystyrene- block-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) Membranes for Heterogeneous Glucose to Formic Acid Methyl Ester Oxidation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2498. [PMID: 37764527 PMCID: PMC10536830 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a new heterogeneous catalyst active toward glucose to formic acid methyl ester oxidation. The catalyst was fabricated via electrostatic immobilization of the inorganic polyoxometalate HPA-5 catalyst H8[PMo7V5O40] onto the pore surface of amphiphilic block copolymer membranes prepared via non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS). The catalyst immobilization was achieved via wet impregnation due to strong coulombic interactions between protonated tertiary amino groups of the polar poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) block and the anionic catalyst. Overall, three sets of five consecutive catalytic cycles were performed in an autoclave under 90 °С and 11.5 bar air pressure in methanol, and the corresponding yields of formic acid methyl ester were quantified via head-space gas chromatography. The obtained results demonstrate that the membrane maintains its catalytic activity over multiple cycles, resulting in high to moderate yields in comparison to a homogeneous catalytic system. Nevertheless, presumably due to leaching, the catalytic activity declines over five catalytic cycles. The morphological and chemical changes of the membrane during the prolonged catalysis under harsh conditions were examined in detail using different analytic tools, and it seems that the underlying block copolymer is not affected by the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii Utievskyi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Sindlinger
- Mass Spectrometry Platform, Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Konstantin Schutjajew
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry (ITUC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Oschatz
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry (ITUC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Ueberschaar
- Mass Spectrometry Platform, Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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3
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Bouzit H, Krusch F, Hermida‐Merino D, Solano E, Cot D, Méricq JP, Roualdes S, Semsarilar M, Quémener D, Aissou K. Double s
timuli‐responsive
perforated lamellar structure formed by linear
ABC
triblock terpolymer monoliths. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Bouzit
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635 University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier
| | - Felix Krusch
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635 University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier
| | - Daniel Hermida‐Merino
- DUBBLE CRG BM26@ESRF Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Grenoble France
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, CINBIO Universidade de Vigo Vigo Galicia Spain
| | - Eduardo Solano
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source NCD‐SWEET Beamline Cerdanyola del Valles Spain
| | - Didier Cot
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635 University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier
| | - Jean Pierre Méricq
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635 University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier
| | - Stéphanie Roualdes
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635 University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier
| | - Mona Semsarilar
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635 University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier
| | - Damien Quémener
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635 University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier
| | - Karim Aissou
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635 University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier
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4
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Diao CC, Wu CC. Synthesis and Characterization of Thermosensitive P(NIPAAm- co-AAc)-Grafted Silica Nanocomposites for Smart Architectural Coatings. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8697-8705. [PMID: 35309424 PMCID: PMC8928337 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new class of thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-poly(acrylic acid) (P(NIPAAm-co-AAc))-grafted modified silica (m-silica) nanocomposites was prepared using a sol-gel technique. The addition of silica to P(NIPAAm-co-AAc) copolymer hydrogel has the potential to open up new applications in the development of thermosensitive building materials by leveraging the favorable thermal characteristics of P(NIPAAm-co-AAc). The silica was prepared using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) to form the m-silica powder, which increased the adhesion between the organic and inorganic hybrid materials. The P(NIPAAm-co-AAc) copolymer hydrogel was mixed with the m-silica to form the P(NIPAAm-co-AAc)-grafted m-silica nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermosensitive measurement were conducted to evaluate the structure and water-holding capacity of the nanocomposites. The results indicated that the P(NIPAAm-co-AAc)-grafted m-silica nanocomposites could retain water for more than 300 min at temperatures higher than the lower critical solution temperature. The P(NIPAAm-co-AAc)-grafted m-silica nanocomposites exhibited favorable thermosensitive properties and may therefore be applied in smart architectural coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chen Diao
- Department
of Electronic Engineering, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department
of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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5
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Xu X, Bizmark N, Christie KSS, Datta SS, Ren ZJ, Priestley RD. Thermoresponsive Polymers for Water Treatment and Collection. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Using a Poly(( N,N-dimethyl acrylamide)- co-( N-isopropyl acrylamide)) mCTA: Synthesis and Thermosensitivity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010062. [PMID: 35012086 PMCID: PMC8747436 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive poly((N,N-dimethyl acrylamide)-co-(N-isopropyl acrylamide)) (P(DMA-co-NIPAM)) copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The monomer reactivity ratios were determined by the Kelen–Tüdős method to be rNIPAM = 0.83 and rDMA = 1.10. The thermoresponsive properties of these copo-lymers with varying molecular weights were characterized by visual turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The copolymers showed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water with a dependence on the molar fraction of DMA in the copolymer. Chaotropic and kosmotropic salt anions of the Hofmeister series, known to affect the LCST of thermoresponsive polymers, were used as additives in the aqueous copolymer solutions and their influence on the LCST was demonstrated. Further on, in order to investigate the thermoresponsive behavior of P(DMA-co-NIPAM) in a confined state, P(DMA-co-NIPAM)-b-PS diblock copolymers were prepared via polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA) through surfactant-free RAFT mediated emulsion polymerization of styrene using P(DMA-co-NIPAM) as the macromolecular chain transfer agent (mCTA) of the polymerization. As confirmed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM), this approach yielded stabilized spherical micelles in aqueous dispersions where the PS block formed the hydrophobic core and the P(DMA-co-NIPAM) block formed the hydrophilic corona of the spherical micelle. The temperature-dependent behavior of the LCST-type diblock copolymers was further studied by examining the collapse of the P(DMA-co-NIPAM) minor block of the P(DMA-co-NIPAM)-b-PS diblock copolymers as a function of temperature in aqueous solution. The nanospheres were found to be thermosensitive by changing their hydrodynamic radii almost linearly as a function of temperature between 25 °C and 45 °C. The addition of kosmotropic salt anions, as a potentially useful tuning feature of micellar assemblies, was found to increase the hydrodynamic radius of the micelles and resulted in a faster collapse of the micelle corona upon heating.
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7
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Algarni F, Musteata VE, Falca G, Chisca S, Hadjichristidis N, Nunes SP. Thermo-Responsive Membranes from Blends of PVDF and PNIPAM- b-PVDF Block Copolymers with Linear and Star Architectures. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Algarni
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valentina Elena Musteata
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gheorghe Falca
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan Chisca
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzana P. Nunes
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Götz T, Landzettel J, Schiestel T. Thermo‐responsive mixed‐matrix hollow fiber membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Götz
- Innovation Field Membranes Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology Stuttgart Germany
| | - Jan Landzettel
- Innovation Field Membranes Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology Stuttgart Germany
| | - Thomas Schiestel
- Innovation Field Membranes Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology Stuttgart Germany
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9
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Hosseinzadeh A, Pashaei S, Hosseinzadeh S, Namazi H. Surface modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes via surface RAFT copolymerization method and capecitabine-loaded anticancer hydrogel for controlled drug delivery in stomach. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1765387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hassan Namazi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz , Tabriz, Iran
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10
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11
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Xian C, Yuan Q, Bao Z, Liu G, Wu J. Progress on intelligent hydrogels based on RAFT polymerization: Design strategy, fabrication and the applications for controlled drug delivery. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Song X, Qiao C, Tao J, Bao B, Han X, Zhao S. Interfacial Engineering of Thermoresponsive Microgel Capsules: Polymeric Wetting vs Colloidal Adhesion. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Wang S, Zhang Z, Dong L, Waterhouse GI, Zhang Q, Li L. A remarkable thermosensitive hydrogel cross-linked by two inorganic nanoparticles with opposite charges. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 538:530-540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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van Hees IA, Swinkels PJM, Fokkink RG, Velders AH, Voets IK, van der Gucht J, Kamperman M. Self-assembly of oppositely charged polyelectrolyte block copolymers containing short thermoresponsive blocks. Polym Chem 2019; 10:3127-3134. [PMID: 34912475 PMCID: PMC8612725 DOI: 10.1039/c9py00250b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of oppositely charged block copolymers, containing small thermoresponsive moieties, was investigated as a function of salt concentration and temperature. Aqueous solutions of poly-[N-isopropylacrylamide]-b-poly[dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate] (NIPAM44-b-DMAEMA216) and PNIPAM-b-poly[acrylic acid]-b-PNIPAM (NIPAM35-b-AA200-b-NIPAM35) were mixed in equal charge stoichiometry, and analysed by light scattering (LS), NMR spectroscopy and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). At room temperature, two different micelle morphologies were found at different salt concentrations. At NaCl concentrations below 0.75 M, complex coacervate core micelles (C3M) with a PNIPAM corona were formed as a result of interpolyelectrolyte complexation. At NaCl concentrations exceeding 0.75 M, the C3M micelles inverted into PNIPAM cored micelles (PCM), containing a water soluble polyelectrolyte corona. This behavior is ascribed to the salt concentration dependence of both the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM, and the complex coacervation. Above 0.75 M NaCl, the PNIPAM blocks are insoluble in water at room temperature, while complexation between the polyelectrolytes is prevented because of charge screening by the salt. Upon increasing the temperature, both types of micelles display a cloud point temperature (Tcp), despite the small thermoresponsive blocks, and aggregate into hydrogels. These hydrogels consist of a complexed polyelectrolyte matrix with microphase separated PNIPAM domains. Controlling the morphology and aggregation of temperature sensitive polyelectrolytes can be an important tool for drug delivery systems, or the application and hardening of underwater glues. The assembly of oppositely charged block copolymers, containing small thermoresponsive moieties, was investigated as a function of salt concentration and temperature.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- I. A. van Hees
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter
- Wageningen University and Research
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - P. J. M. Swinkels
- Institute of Physics
- University of Amsterdam
- 1098 XH Amsterdam
- the Netherlands
| | - R. G. Fokkink
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter
- Wageningen University and Research
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - A. H. Velders
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology
- Wageningen University and Research
- Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - I. K. Voets
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - J. van der Gucht
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter
- Wageningen University and Research
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - M. Kamperman
- Polymer Science
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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15
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Supramolecular interaction facilitated block copolymer assembly and preparation of self-organized scaffold for chiral selective transport. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Liu Y, Tas S, Zhang K, de Vos WM, Ma J, Vancso GJ. Thermoresponsive Membranes from Electrospun Mats with Switchable Wettability for Efficient Oil/Water Separations. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Jinghong Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, P. R. China
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17
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Filippov AD, van Hees IA, Fokkink R, Voets IK, Kamperman M. Rapid and Quantitative De- tert-butylation for Poly(acrylic acid) Block Copolymers and Influence on Relaxation of Thermoassociated Transient Networks. Macromolecules 2018; 51:8316-8323. [PMID: 30405273 PMCID: PMC6202630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
synthesis of charged polymers often requires the polymerization
of protected monomers, followed by a polymer-analogous reaction to
the polyelectrolyte product. We present a mild, facile method to cleave tert-butyl groups from poly(tert-butyl
acrylate) blocks that yields poly(acrylic acid) (pAA) blocks free
of traces of the ester. The reaction utilizes a slight excess of HCl
in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) at room temperature and runs
to completion within 4 h. We compare deprotection in HFIP with the
common TFA/DCM method and show that the latter does not yield clean
pAA. We show the effect of complete tert-butyl cleavage
on a ABA triblock copolymer, where poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
(pNIPAM) is A and pAA is B, by means of viscosimetry, DLS, and SAXS
on solutions above overlap. The pNIPAM blocks dehydrate, and their
increased self-affinity above the lower critical solution temperature
(LCST) results in network formation by the triblocks. This manifests
itself as an increase in viscosity and a slowing down of the first-order
correlation function in light scattering. However, this stickering
effect manifests itself exclusively when the pAA block is tert-butyl-free. Additionally, SAXS shows that the conformational
properties of tert-butyl-free pAA copolymers are
markedly different from those with residual esters. Thus, we illustrate
a surprising effect of hydrophobic impurities that act across blocks
and assert the usefulness of HCl/HFIP in pAA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei D Filippov
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse A van Hees
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Fokkink
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K Voets
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Politakos N, Kortaberria G. Exploring the Self-Assembly Capabilities of ABA-Type SBS, SIS, and Their Analogous Hydrogenated Copolymers onto Different Nanostructures Using Atomic Force Microscopy. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091529. [PMID: 30149581 PMCID: PMC6165061 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the self-assembled morphologies obtained for poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS) and poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) (SIS) ABA-type copolymers were investigated before and after hydrogenation of the polydiene block, which led to poly(styrene-b-ethylene)/poly(ethylene-b-styrene) (SEES) and poly(styrene-b-ethylene)/poly(propylene-b-styrene) (SEPS) copolymers, respectively. The evaluation of different morphologies was carried out using atomic force microscopy (AFM), analyzing the effect of various parameters such as the solvent and polymer concentrations employed for film casting (toluene, cyclohexane, or tetrahydrofurane with concentrations of 1 and 3 wt%), together with that of the annealing treatment (thermal annealing at room temperature, and 60, 80, and 100 °C). The effect of these parameters in combination with the chemical nature of the polydiene block led to different morphologies with different topographic aspects affecting the roughness (Ra) of the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Politakos
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
- "Materials + Technologies" Group, Chemical & Environmental Engineering Department, Basque Country University, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Galder Kortaberria
- "Materials + Technologies" Group, Chemical & Environmental Engineering Department, Basque Country University, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
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19
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Multifunctional solid-state electrochemiluminescent chemosensors and aptasensor with free-standing active sites based on task-specific pyrene-terminated polymers via RAFT polymerization. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1039:31-40. [PMID: 30322550 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on the flexible molecular engineering technique of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, various polymers carrying positive or negative charges and different terminal groups such as pyrene or tertiary amine were synthesized for fabricating multifunctional solid-state electrochemiluminescent (ECL) sensors. Accordingly, the chemosensors immobilizing the ECL probe or co-immobilizing the ECL probe and the coreactant were realized for the quantification of small molecules (e.g., tripropylamine, tetracycline), and an aptasensor was developed for the specific and sensitive lysozyme assay (limit of detection: 0.1 ng/mL). All of the sensors were realized via a simple design exploiting the π-π stacking and electrostatic interactions. It was confirmed that the proposed strategy is simple but universal for the fabrication of versatile ECL sensors that showed simplicity, cost-effectiveness, high sensitivity, long-term stability, and excellent reproducibility.
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Sankhala K, Koll J, Abetz V. Setting the Stage for Fabrication of Self-Assembled Structures in Compact Geometries: Inside-Out Isoporous Hollow Fiber Membranes. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:840-845. [PMID: 35650757 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of evaporation-induced self-assembled structures on easily accessible surfaces is an established strategy, while achieving such microphase-separated structures in compact geometries has been a long-standing goal. The requirement of comparatively less concentrated block copolymer (BCP) solution to pass through the compact geometries significantly reduces the stimulations required for self-assembly. The high polymer relaxation rates and decreased thermodynamic driving forces, as well as high capillary suction of dilute solutions in the porous substrates, complicates the BCP self-assembly and fabrication of the uniform coated layer, respectively. In this study, highly permeable robust poly(ether sulfone) hollow fiber membranes (PES HFM) with an inner diameter of approximately 1 mm are selected as compact geometries, and the isoporous structures are developed on top of ≤10 μm thin coated layer. This fabrication process introduces a technologically favored inside-out configuration for isoporous composite HFM with large bore diameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Sankhala
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Polymer Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Joachim Koll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Polymer Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Volker Abetz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Polymer Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Surface wormlike morphology control of polysulfone/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) membranes by tuning the two-stage phase separation and their thermo-responsive permselectivity. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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22
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Protein valves formed through click-reaction grafting of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) onto electrospun poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) fibrous membranes. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Mocan M, Wahdat H, van der Kooij HM, de Vos WM, Kamperman M. Systematic variation of membrane casting parameters to control the structure of thermo-responsive isoporous membranes. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Gao L, Wang W, Yu B, Cong H. Novel triple responsive polybenzimidazole synthesized via amine-ene Michael addition. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01571f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BITO polyesters were synthesized for the first time, which show pH, CD and ROS responsiveness and have great potential as drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Wenlin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
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25
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Schöttner S, Hossain R, Rüttiger C, Gallei M. Ferrocene-Modified Block Copolymers for the Preparation of Smart Porous Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E491. [PMID: 30965794 PMCID: PMC6418580 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of artificially generated channels featuring distinct remote-switchable functionalities is of critical importance for separation, transport control, and water filtration applications. Here, we focus on the preparation of block copolymers (BCPs) consisting of polystyrene-block-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PHEMA) having molar masses in the range of 91 to 124 kg mol-1 with a PHEMA content of 13 to 21 mol %. The BCPs can be conveniently functionalized with redox-active ferrocene moieties by a postmodification protocol for the hydrophilic PHEMA segments. Up to 66 mol % of the hydroxyl functionalities can be efficiently modified with the reversibly redox-responsive units. For the first time, the ferrocene-containing BCPs are shown to form nanoporous integral asymmetric membranes by self-assembly and application of the non-solvent-induced phase separation (SNIPS) process. Open porous structures are evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water flux measurements, while efficient redox-switching capabilities are investigated after chemical oxidation of the ferrocene moieties. As a result, the porous membranes reveal a tremendously increased polarity after oxidation as reflected by contact angle measurements. Additionally, the initial water flux of the ferrocene-containing membranes decreased after oxidizing the ferrocene moieties because of oxidation-induced pore swelling of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schöttner
- Ernst-Berl Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Rimjhim Hossain
- Ernst-Berl Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Christian Rüttiger
- Ernst-Berl Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Markus Gallei
- Ernst-Berl Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Miao L, Tu Y, Yang Y, Lin S, Hu J, Zhang M, Li Y, Li F, Mo Y. Robust Stimuli-Responsive Membranes Prepared from a Blend of Polysulfone and a Graft Copolymer Bearing Binary Side Chains with Thermo- and pH-Responsive Switching Behavior. Chemistry 2017; 23:7737-7747. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Miao
- Foshan University; Jiangwan 1st Road 18 528000 Foshan P. R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xingke Road 368 510675 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 510650 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics; 510650 Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xingke Road 368 510675 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 510650 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics; 510650 Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xingke Road 368 510675 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 510650 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics; 510650 Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Shudong Lin
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xingke Road 368 510675 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 510650 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics; 510650 Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jiwen Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xingke Road 368 510675 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 510650 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics; 510650 Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Foshan University; Jiangwan 1st Road 18 528000 Foshan P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Foshan University; Jiangwan 1st Road 18 528000 Foshan P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xingke Road 368 510675 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 510650 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics; 510650 Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yangmiao Mo
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xingke Road 368 510675 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 510650 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics; 510650 Guangzhou P. R. China
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Wang M, Jiang X, Luo Y, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Facile synthesis of poly(vinyl acetate)-b-polystyrene copolymers mediated by an iniferter agent using a single methodology. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01222e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel and convenient method to synthesize diblock copolymers containing both conjugated and non-conjugated monomers, PVAc-b-PS, was established by using a single iniferter methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
| | - Xiaowu Jiang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
| | - Yanjing Luo
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
| | - Lifen Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
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